ANSI ASTM F2216-2017 Standard Specification for Selectorized Strength Equipment.pdf

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1、Designation: F2216 17 An American National StandardStandard Specification forSelectorized Strength Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2216; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las

2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe goal of this specification is to promote proper design and manufacturing practices forselectorized strength training

3、equipment. Through these specifications, this specification aims to assistdesigners and manufactures in reducing the possibility of injury when these products are used inaccordance with the operational instructions.The equipment user must recognize, however, that a standard alone will not necessaril

4、y preventinjuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving selectorized strength training equipmentinvolves the risk of injury, particularly if the equipment is used improperly or not properly maintained.In addition, users with physical limitations should seek medical advice and instructi

5、on from the fitnessfacility prior to using this equipment. Certain physical conditions or limitations may preclude somepersons from using this equipment as intended by the manufacturer, and using this equipment mayincrease the risk of injury.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes parameters for

6、the designand manufacture of selectorized strength training equipment asdefined in 3.1.1.2 It is intended that these fitness products be used in anindoor setting or environment.1.3 It is the intent of this standard to specify fitness productsfor use only by individuals age 13 and older.1.4 This stan

7、dard is to be used in conjunction with Speci-fication F2276, Test Methods F2571, and Test Method F2277.1.5 This standard takes precedence over SpecificationF2276 and Test Methods F2571 in areas that are specific orunique to selectorized strength training equipment.1.6 This specification2establishes

8、additional requirementsfor the design of commercial fitness equipment for use bypeople with functional limitations or impairments.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all

9、of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with

10、 internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:

11、3F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Fa-cility Safety Signage and LabelsF2276 Specification for Fitness EquipmentF2277 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and PerformanceCharacteristics of Selectorized Strength EquipmentF2571 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and PerformanceCharact

12、eristics of Fitness EquipmentF3021 Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equip-ment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limi-tations and Impairments1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the dir

13、ect responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products.Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F2216 12. DOI:10.1520/F2216-17.2This work was funded, in part, by the Rehabilitation Engineering Resear

14、chCenter on RecTech through the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living,and Rehabilitation Research grant #90RE5009-01-00.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume inf

15、ormation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardiza

16、tion established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 assist means, nmechanism that the user engages onthe machin

17、e to assist them in getting into and out of the loadedstarting position.3.1.2 bilateral exercise, nrelating to exercise or stabiliza-tion during exercise using both sides of the body, that is, bothhands, arms, or legs.3.1.3 cam, nrotational component controlling the resis-tance to the user.3.1.4 con

18、sumer selectorized strength equipment,nselectorized strength equipment intended for home use orfor use in a home environment.3.1.4.1 DiscussionSince significant differences can arisebetween consumer and institutional selectorized strengthequipment, the products must be clearly identified as not forc

19、ommercial use.3.1.5 field of view, nfield of view of the user defined by anarc of 150. Seventy-five degrees on each side of the usersmidline (sagittal plane).3.1.6 foot support, nmachine component(s) contacting thefeet during operation, entry, and exit from the machine.3.1.7 institutional selectoriz

20、ed strength equipment,nstrength equipment intended for use by numerous personsin a commercial or institutional facility, as opposed to homeenvironment.3.1.8 median plane, nplane of reference that divides themidline of the body of the user into equal right and left halves.3.1.9 rope, nfor the purpose

21、 of this specification, a cordcomprised of intertwisted synthetic or natural fibers or steelwires used for the transmittal of load from the resistance meansto the user means.3.1.10 selector pin, nthe component used to select resis-tance on weight based selectorized strength equipment.3.1.11 selector

22、ized strength equipment, nstrength equip-ment where the resistance means is an integral part of themachine and may be varied easily by the user.3.1.12 strength equipment, nfitness equipment designedto strengthen one or more groups of muscles anaerobically.3.1.13 unilateral exercise, nrelating to exe

23、rcise or stabi-lization during exercise using one side of the body, that is, onehand, arm, or leg.3.1.14 user means, nmovable component or assembly thatthe user contacts to perform the exercise.4. Design and Construction Requirements4.1 Construction:4.1.1 WeightsWeights shall move only when displace

24、dintentionally. Weights shall move freely along their guidemeans and return to the resting point. The travel of the weightsshall be controlled by the user such that no uncontrolledpendulum swing shall occur.4.1.2 Weight Selector PinWeight selector pins shall befitted with a positive retention means.

25、4.1.3 Starting Position AssistIf the user cannot (afteradjusting the machine according to the manufacturers instruc-tions) attain the loaded starting position for the machine, thenthe machine shall be provided with an assist means.4.1.4 Ropes, Belts, Chains, or Other Load TransmissionComponentsRopes

26、, belts, chains, and other means, includingall attachment devices (links, shackles, end fittings, and termi-nation means) shall not fail with a load equal to six times themaximum static tension developed by the machine duringoperation and shall pass the endurance guidelines set forth in4.4.1. All en

27、d terminations shall not be subjected to cyclicbending under normal machine operation as defined by themanufacturer.4.1.5 PulleysPulleys for rope/belt drive machines shallrotate freely under all extrinsic loads.4.1.5.1 Wire Rope PulleysThe groove radius, r,ofthepulley for wire rope driven machines s

28、hall meet the wire ropemanufacturers guidelines and allow for passing of the endur-ance guidelines set forth in 4.4.1. The dimensions shall liewithin the range given:Cd215%toCd2115% (1)with Cd/2 + 10 % being the optimum. Cdis defined as thenominal wire rope diameter including coating. The treaddiame

29、ter, d, of the pulley shall be a minimum of 18 timesgreater than the bare wire rope diameter (without coating). SeeFig. 1.4.1.5.2 Belt PulleysThe diameter of the pulley shall be ofsufficient size to yield a belt life meeting the parametersspecified in 4.4.1. Belt pulleys shall be designed to prevent

30、disengagement through the use of groove, flanges, or othermeans.4.1.6 Rope/Belt GuardsDisengagement of ropes/beltsshall be prevented by the provision of adequate retentionguards or enclosures.4.2 Entrapment Points:4.2.1 General CommentsUnlike other machinery, selec-torized strength equipment is full

31、y controlled by the user of theequipment. It is therefore assumed that the user shall takeresponsibility for his/her actions while using the machine andcan prevent the inadvertent contact with machine componentswithin the users field of view by the user or a third party bystopping the exercise or mo

32、vement of the machine. For thisreason, the discussion of entrapment points is broken downinto “within” and “outside” the field of view of the user.Wherever possible, the design of movable components shallavoid catch, shear, or pull-in points.4.2.1.1 In general, the fingers are the body components mo

33、stlikely to be injured. The primary exception to this is weightstacks, or other frame components, where feet or hands, orboth, could also be injured. Weight stacks shall be spaced lessthan 9.5 mm (0.375 in.) or greater than 25 mm (0.98 in.) fromany fixed frame member. This spacing shall remain const

34、antthrough the travel range of the weight stack. Weight stack toframe spacing greater than 60 mm (2.36 in.) is exempt fromthis requirement. Weight stacks shall be spaced at least 60 mm(2.36 in.) from the base frame of the machine. StrengthF2216 172equipment that includes weight stack enclosures desi

35、gned inaccordance with 4.3 as a permanent feature of the machine areexempt from this requirement, provided that the enclosureextends past the rest position of the bottom weight plate.4.2.1.2 The user means or other moving components, orboth, shall not pass within 60 mm (2.36 in.) of the movingweight

36、 stack, or other frame components, during the normaloperation of the machine, as defined in the instructionsprovided by the manufacturer. Mechanical stops are generallyprovided at one or both extremes of the user means range oftravel. Since the user means will contact the stops at theselocations, th

37、ey are excluded from the clearance requirements.However, if the stop is physically part of the moving usermeans, then it shall pass no closer than 25 mm (0.98 in.) to anyfixed frame members throughout its range of travel.4.2.1.3 If the machine framework or the users bodyplacement, while using the ma

38、chine in accordance with themanufacturers instructions, prevents the uncontrolled accessof a third party into the area of concern, then guarding is notrequired. For this exemption, the users body must preventaccess throughout the entire exercise range of motion.4.2.2 Outside the Field of ViewTo a he

39、ight of 1800 mm(70.8 in.), the distance between movable components orbetween a movable and fixed component shall be at least 60mm (2.36 in.) when body parts other than the fingers are at risk.This dimension may be reduced to no less than 25 mm (0.98in.) when only the fingers are at risk. If the spac

40、ing betweenmoving components or between fixed and moving componentsremains constant throughout the range of motion of themachine, then the spacing shall be greater than 25 mm (0.98in.) or less than 9.5 mm (0.375 in.). Guarding shall be providedif the design does not allow the above dimensions to be

41、met.4.2.3 Within the Field of View and Within Reach of theUserIf distances do not conform to those specified in 4.2.2,the components shall be guarded or enclosed.4.2.4 Within the Field of View and Outside the Reach of theUserMoving components within the users field of view butaccessible only to a th

42、ird party shall not be located within 25mm (0.98 in.) of a stationary component. Alternatively, suchpoints can be less than 9.5 mm (0.375 in.) from a stationarycomponent if the spacing between the components remainsconstant throughout the range of movement of the machine.4.2.5 Pull-In PointsFinger p

43、ull-in occurs when the spac-ing between the fixed and rotating component is less than 25mm (0.98 in.) or when the angle between the fixed guard andthe belt or rope is less than 50, or both (see Fig. 2). For ropesand pulleys or ropes and cams, pull-in will occur during theportion of the exercise stro

44、ke that the rope wraps onto therotating element or passes into the guard. This can occur onboth sides of a pulley or guard as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.Fig. 4 illustrates a circular pulley or cam guard. To achieve apull-in angle greater than 50, the guard radius Grshall becalculated using the equat

45、ion shown in Fig. 4.4.2.5.1 Outside the Field of ViewPull-in points up to aheight of 1800 mm (70.8 in.) shall be guarded or spaced greaterthan 25 mm (0.98 in.) apart so that the users or third partysFIG. 1 Wire Rope Pulley ProfileF2216 173fingers, when extended, cannot be caught between the compo-ne

46、nts (see Fig. 2). Rope, belt, or rope driven machines wherethe pressure between the rope/belt and the cam or pulley is lessthan 90 N/cm2(131 psi) are excluded from this requirement.4.2.5.2 Within the Field of ViewPull-in points within reachof the user when in the exercise position shall be guarded s

47、othat the users fingers cannot be caught between the compo-nents. Pull-in points within the field of view of the user, duringthe entire range of motion of the exercise being performed, butaccessible only to a third party, need not be guarded becausethe user can control the motion of the machine and

48、thus preventany inadvertent contact with a third party. A site specific labelshall be present in the immediate location of the pull-in point,alerting the user or a third party to the potential for injury andto stay clear of the area. Rope or belt driven machines wherethe pressure between the rope/be

49、lt and the cam or pulley is lessthan 90 N/cm2(131 psi) are excluded from the requirements of4.2.5.1 and 4.2.5.2.4.3 Weight Stack Enclosures:FIG. 2 Guarding of Pull-In PointsUnguardedF2216 1744.3.1 GeneralUnlike other fitness equipment, selectorizedstrength equipment is fully controlled by the user. Stopping theexercise or the machines movement permits the user toprevent inadvertent contact with weight stacks within the fieldof view of the user. Weight stack enclosures may assist inpreventing uncontrolled access by third parties outs