BS ISO 7176-1-2014 en_2810 Wheelchairs Determination of static stability《轮椅.静态稳定性的测定》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards Publication BS ISO 7176-1:2014 Wheelchairs Part 1: Determination of static stabilityBS ISO 7176-1:2014 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 7176-1:2014. It supersedes BS ISO 7176-1:1999 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its

2、preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CH/173/1, Wheelchairs. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct ap

3、plication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 76309 0 ICS 11.180.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strate

4、gy Committee on 31 October 2014. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO 7176-1:2014 ISO 2014 Wheelchairs Part 1: Determination of static stability Fauteuils roulants Partie 1: Dtermination de la stabilit statique INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7176-1 Third edition 2014-10-01 Refere

5、nce number ISO 7176-1:2014(E)BS ISO 7176-1:2014ISO 7176-1:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mecha

6、nical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01

7、 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandBS ISO 7176-1:2014ISO 7176-1:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Principles . 2 4.1 Static stab

8、ility 2 4.2 Effectiveness of anti-tip devices . 4 5 Apparatus . 4 6 Set-up procedure 5 7 General test procedure 6 8 Test for static stability in the forward direction . 6 8.1 General . 6 8.2 Wheels unlocked and the wheelchair in the least stable configuration 7 8.3 Downhill wheels locked and the whe

9、elchair in the least stable configuration . 8 8.4 Wheels unlocked and the wheelchair in the most stable configuration 10 8.5 Downhill wheels locked and the wheelchair in the most stable configuration .11 9 Test for static stability in the rearward direction .11 9.1 General 11 9.2 Wheels unlocked and

10、 the wheelchair in the least stable configuration .12 9.3 Wheels locked and the wheelchair in the least stable configuration 13 9.4 Wheels unlocked and the wheelchair in the most stable configuration 15 9.5 Wheels locked and the wheelchair in the most stable configuration .15 10 Test for static stab

11、ility, lateral orientation .15 10.1 General 15 10.2 Wheelchair in the least stable configuration .16 10.3 Wheelchair in the most stable configuration . 21 11 Test for static stability with forward or rearward anti-tip devices 21 11.1 General 21 11.2 Anti-tip devices in the least effective configurat

12、ion 21 11.3 Anti-tip devices in the most effective configuration 24 11.4 Test for effectiveness of anti-tip devices 25 12 Test report 26 13 Information disclosure .27 Annex A (informative) Means to prevent wheels or posts from sliding .28BS ISO 7176-1:2014ISO 7176-1:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the Interna

13、tional Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has be

14、en established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical stan

15、dardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accord

16、ance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details

17、 of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endo

18、rsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee resp

19、onsible for this document is ISO/TC 173, Assistive products for persons with disability, Subcommittee SC 1, Wheelchairs. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 7176-1:1999), all clauses, sub-clauses, tables, figures, and annexes of which have been technically revised. ISO 71

20、76 consists of the following parts, under the general title Wheelchairs: Part 1: Determination of static stability Part 2: Determination of dynamic stability of electric wheelchairs Part 3: Determination of effectiveness of brakes Part 4: Energy consumption of electric wheelchairs and scooters for d

21、etermination of theoretical distance range Part 5: Determination of dimensions, mass and manoeuvring space Part 6: Determination of maximum speed, acceleration and deceleration of electric wheelchairs Part 7: Measurement of seating and wheel dimensions Part 8: Requirements and test methods for stati

22、c, impact and fatigue strengths Part 9: Climatic tests for electric wheelchairs Part 10: Determination of obstacle-climbing ability of electrically powered wheelchairs Part 11: Test dummies Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces Part 14: Power and control systems for elec

23、trically powered wheelchairs and scooters Requirements and test methodsiv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 7176-1:2014ISO 7176-1:2014(E) Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labelling Part 16: Resistance to ignition of postural support devices Part 19: Wheeled mobili

24、ty devices for use as seats in motor vehicles Part 21: Requirements and test methods for electromagnetic compatibility of electrically powered wheelchairs and scooters, and battery chargers Part 22: Set-up procedures Part 25: Batteries and chargers for powered wheelchairs Part 26: Vocabulary Part 28

25、: Requirements and test methods for stair-climbing devices A Technical Report (ISO/TR 13570-1) is also available giving a simplified explanation of these parts of ISO 7176. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO 7176-1:2014ISO 7176-1:2014(E) Introduction It is important to know the static-stability ch

26、aracteristics of a wheelchair for prescription and adjustment purposes. Some occupants need large reserves of stability to ensure their safety while others prefer finely balanced wheelchairs which have better manoeuvrability. Static stability is only one factor affecting dynamic stability, others be

27、ing the position of the wheelchair operator in the wheelchair, the skill of the wheelchair operator, the manner in which the wheelchair is propelled, and the environment in which the wheelchair is operated. This part of ISO 7176 specifies tests in which static stability is measured with parking brak

28、e(s) applied, as is the case if the wheelchair is standing on a slope. Tests are also made with the wheels unlocked, simulating the situation where the wheelchair is standing on a slope with the wheels against obstacles, the situation on a level surface with the wheels unlocked and the wheelchair oc

29、cupant reaching for an object, or instability while rolling. Tests are also made that determine the static stability of the wheelchair when it is protected against tipping over by a forward and/or rearward anti-tip device, and the effectiveness of those anti-tip devices if the wheelchair tips in tha

30、t direction.vi ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 7176-1:2014INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 7176-1:2014(E) Wheelchairs Part 1: Determination of static stability 1 Scope This part of ISO 7176 specifies test methods for determining the static stability of wheelchairs. It is applicable to manual and elect

31、rically powered wheelchairs, including scooters, with a maximum speed not greater than 15 km/h, intended to provide indoor and/or outdoor mobility for one disabled person whose mass is within the range represented by ISO 7176-11. For active stability-controlled wheelchairs, this part of ISO 7176 app

32、lies to the device in a stable, parked state. This part of ISO 7176 provides a method for the measurement of the tipping angles (either wheelchair tipping angle or anti-tip device tipping angle), but this method is not applicable to wheelchairs with lateral anti-tip devices and does not consider sli

33、ding on the ground. This part of ISO 7176 also includes requirements for test reports and information disclosure. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the

34、 edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 7176-11, Wheelchairs Part 11: Test dummies ISO 7176-15, Wheelchairs Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labelling ISO 7176-22, Wheelch

35、airs Part 22: Set-up procedures ISO 7176-26, Wheelchairs Part 26: Vocabulary 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in ISO 7176-26 and the following apply. 3.1 active stability-controlled wheelchair wheelchair that actively controls or enhances its st

36、ability (by electronic or other means) when static and/or when in motion 3.2 anti-tip device device which limits the extent of tipping of a wheelchair Note 1 to entry: Anti-tip devices can operate in forward, rearward, or lateral directions. Some anti-tip devices have a spring suspension. Some runni

37、ng wheels can act as anti-tip devices, but their primary function is to be running wheels. Foot supports can serve as anti-tip devices if the manufacturer designates that they are intended to serve in that capacity. A change in the wheelchair configuration or control characteristics to enhance stabi

38、lity is not considered an anti-tip device. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 7176-1:2014ISO 7176-1:2014(E) 3.3 anti-tip device tipping angle angle of the test platform from the horizontal at which the wheelchair starts to tip about the anti-tip device 3.4 contact point midpoint of the region of c

39、ontact between a wheel or other part of the wheelchair and the ground Note 1 to entry: In the test procedures specified in this part of ISO 7176, the ground can be the test platform or its covering that lies between the test platform and the wheel or the post. 3.5 force detection point point at whic

40、h the force under an uphill wheel is monitored Note 1 to entry: This can be determined as the point at which a sheet of paper will slide between the wheel and the contact surface. 3.6 lockable wheel wheel equipped with parking brake, or wheel whose rolling motion is prevented by the means of propuls

41、ion (e.g. by hands, levers, motors) 3.7 non-lockable wheel wheel that is not a lockable wheel 3.8 parked state static position that will allow the occupant to transfer into or out of the seat 3.9 running wheel wheel that normally runs on the surface while the wheelchair is travelling at a constant s

42、peed on a level surface 3.10 wheelchair tipping angle angle of the test platform from the horizontal at which the vertical projection of the centre of mass moves outside of a polygon connecting the contact points of all the running wheels (to be assessed by empirical measure) Note 1 to entry: The in

43、stant at which the wheelchair starts to tip is reached when the forces become zero under all uphill running wheels (i.e. one edge of the polygon lies directly below the centre of mass). Note 2 to entry: A number of methods are available with which to determine when the forces become zero under the u

44、phill wheels. These include, but are not limited to, the following: the ability to pull pieces of paper from beneath the wheels, visual identification of when the wheels lift from the test platform, or the use of force-sensing instrumentation. 4 Principles 4.1 Static stability Theoretically, a loade

45、d wheelchair is statically stable as long as the gravity force line from the centre of mass is inside the area on the ground that is confined by the outline of the contact points (see 3.4) of its wheels. Wheelchair stability increases as the angle between a vertical plane through the axis of tip and

46、 a plane that contains the centre of mass and the axis of tip increases. A wheelchair will tip when it is tilted beyond this measured angle (see Figure 1) about the axis of tip. The wheelchairs can either tip about the 2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 7176-1:2014ISO 7176-1:2014(E) contact point

47、when the wheels are locked or about the wheel axle when the wheels are unlocked (see Figure 1). Since the location of the centre of mass is not known, it is not possible to measure the tipping angle directly. Therefore it is determined with the wheelchair on an adjustable slope test platform. The an

48、gle of the slope on which the wheelchair starts to tip is measured. The angle of the test platform represents the tipping angle. a) wheelchair with wheels locked ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 7176-1:2014ISO 7176-1:2014(E) b) wheelchair with wheels unlocked Key 1 centre of mass of wheelchair p

49、lus dummy 2 vertical 3 axis of tip when wheel is locked 4 wheelchair tipping angle when wheel is locked 5 axis of tip when wheel is unlocked 6 wheelchair tipping angle when wheel is unlocked Figure 1 Demonstration of wheelchair tipping angles (example in rearward direction) In the case of a test with unlocked wheels, the axis of tip lies in the wheel axles, and the relevant centre of gravity is that of the loaded wheelchair excluding the mass of the unlocked wheels about the wheelchair tips. N