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1、These slides were made by Tim Brody and Stevan Harnad (Southampton University)Permission is granted to use them to promote open access and self-archiving as long as their source is acknowledged.,The Research-Impact Cycle,Open access to research output maximizes research access maximizing (and accele
2、rating) research impact(hence also research productivity and research progress and their rewards),Refereed “Post-Print” Accepted, Certified, Published by Journal,Impact cycle begins: Research is done,Researchers write pre-refereeing “Pre-Print”,Submitted to Journal,Pre-Print reviewed by Peer Experts
3、 “Peer-Review”,Pre-Print revised by articles Authors,Researchers can access the Post-Print if their university has a subscription to the Journal,12-18 Months,New impact cycles: New research builds on existing research,Researchers can access the Post-Print if their university has a subscription to th
4、e Journal,Refereed “Post-Print” Accepted, Certified, Published by Journal,Impact cycle begins: Research is done,Researchers write pre-refereeing “Pre-Print”,Submitted to Journal,Pre-Print reviewed by Peer Experts “Peer-Review”,Pre-Print revised by articles Authors,12-18 Months,Research Impact,measur
5、es the size of a research contribution to further research (“publish or perish”)generates further research fundingcontributes to the research productivity and financial support of the researchers institutionadvances the researchers careerpromotes research progress,“Online or Invisible?” (Lawrence 20
6、01),“average of 336% more citations to online articles compared to offline articles published in the same venue”Lawrence, S. (2001) Free online availability substantially increases a papers impact Nature 411 (6837): 521. http:/ Assessment, Research Funding, and Citation Impact,“Correlation between R
7、AE ratings and mean departmental citations +0.91 (1996) +0.86 (2001) (Psychology)”“RAE and citation counting measure broadly the same thing”“Citation counting is both more cost-effective and more transparent”(Eysenck & Smith 2002) http:/psyserver.pc.rhbnc.ac.uk/citations.pdf,The objective of open-ac
8、cess (and the motivation that will induce researchers to provide it) is:,not to quarrel with, ruin or replace journals (at all) _nor is it to solve the budgetary problems of libraries (and yet)nor is it to provide access to teachers - students - the general public (and yet)nor is it to provide acces
9、s to the Developing World (and yet),The objective of open-access is:,to maximize research impact by maximizing research access,Some old and new scientometric (“publish or perish”) indices of research impact,Peer-review quality-level and citation-counts of the journal in which the article appearscita
10、tion-counts for the articlecitation-counts for the researcherco-citations, co-text, “semantic web” (cited with whom/what else?)citation-counts for the preprint usage-measures (“hits,” webmetrics)time-course analyses, early predictors, etc. etc.,Time-Course of Citations (red) and Usage (hits, green)
11、Witten, Edward (1998) String Theory and Noncommutative Geometry Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 : 253,1. Preprint or Postprint appears. 2. It is downloaded (and sometimes read). 3. Eventually citations may follow (for more important papers). 4. This generates more downloads, etc.,Usage Impact is correlate
12、d with Citation Impact (Physics ArXiv: hep, astro, cond, quantum; math, comp) http:/citebase.eprints.org/analysis/correlation.php,(Quartiles Q1 (lo) - Q4 (hi) All r=.27, n=219328 Q1 (lo) r=.26, n=54832 Q2 r=.18, n=54832 Q3 r=.28, n=54832 Q4 (hi) r=.34, n=54832hep r=.33, n=74020 Q1 (lo) r=.23, n=1850
13、5 Q2 r=.23, n=18505 Q3 r=.30, n=18505 Q4 (hi) r=.50, n=18505(correlation is highest for high-citation papers/authors),Most papers are not cited at all,Average UK downloads per paper: 10 (UK site only: 18 mirror sites in all),The Golden Road to Open Access: Reciprocity (i) Researchers share a common
14、stake with their own Institutions (not their Disciplines) in maximizing their joint research impact (ii) Institutions share a reciprocal stake in access to one anothers (give-away) research output,“Self-archive unto others as ye would have them self-archive unto you.”,http:/www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/harna
15、d/Temp/unto-others.doc,http:/www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/harnad/Temp/self-archiving.ppt,TOMAXIMIZE IMPACT,MAXIMIZE ACCESS,Universities: Adopt a policy mandating open access for all university research output: Extend existing “Publish or Perish” policies to “Publish with Maximal Impact” Sample policy guideli
16、nes:,http:/www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/lac/archpol.html,2. Departments: Adopt a departmental policy mandating Open Access for All Research Output Create (and Fill): OAI-compliant Eprint Archives,http:/software.eprints.org/,3. University Libraries: Provide digital library support for university research self
17、-archiving and archive-maintenance (and if/when university toll-cancellation savings begin to grow, prepare to redirect 1/3 of annual windfall savings to cover open-access journal peer-review service-costs for university research output),http:/www.eprints.org/self-faq/#libraries-do,4. Universities a
18、nd Research Institutions: Mandate open access for all research output. Adopt a standardized online-CV with harvestable performance indicators and links to open-access full-texts (template and demo below),http:/paracite.eprints.org/cgi-bin/rae_front.cgi,5. Research Funders: Mandate open access for al
19、l research output. See proposal for a UK national policy of open access for all refereed research output for research assessment,http:/www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/harnad/Temp/Ariadne-RAE.doc,as a model or the rest of the world,Tools for (a) creating OAI-compliant university eprint archives (b) parsing and f
20、inding cited references on the web, (c) reference-linking eprint archives, (d) doing scientometric analyses of research impact, (e) creating OAI-compliant open-access journals,http:/software.eprints.org http:/paracite.eprints.org/http:/opcit.eprints.org/evaluation/Citebase-evaluation/evaluation-repo
21、rt.htmlhttp:/citebase.eprints.org/help/http:/psycprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/,RoMEO Project (Loughborough): Rights MEtadata for Open archiving,http:/www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/ls/disresearch/romeo,Proportion of journals already formally endorsing author/institution self-archiving (already 55%) continues
22、 to grow:,What is needed for open access now:,Universities: Adopt a university-wide policy of making all university research output open access (via either the gold or green strategy)Departments: Create and fill departmental OAI-compliant open-access archivesUniversity Libraries: Provide digital lib
23、rary support for research self-archiving and open-access archive-maintenance. Redirect 1/3 of any eventual toll-savings to cover open-access journal peer-review service chargesPromotion Committees: Require a standardized online CV from all candidates, with refereed publications all linked to their f
24、ull-texts in the open-access journal archives and/or departmental open-access archivesResearch Funders: Mandate open access for all funded research (via either the gold or green strategy). Fund (fixed, fair) open-access journal peer-review service charges. Assess research and researcher impact onlin
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