2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖南卷）英语及答案解析.docx

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1、2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖南卷）英语Part II Language Knowledge (45 marks)Section A(15 marks)Directions: For each of the following unfinished sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Example:The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the de

2、sert,A. coveringB. coveredC. cover D. to coverThe answer is A.21. Children, when _ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.A. to be accompaniedB. to accompanyC. accompanyingD. accompanied解析：该题考查非谓语动词。由when可知所填词作题干的时间状语，逻辑主语是题干的主语children，所填词与逻辑主语是被动关系，故用过去分词，选D。答案：D22. If Mr. Dewey _ pres

3、ent, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. A. wereB. had beenC. should beD. was解析：该题考查虚拟语气。根据主语的谓语动词形式可知题干表示与过去的事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，故选B。答案：B23. _ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey youraffection and emotions.A. Understandi

4、ngB. To be understoodC. Being understood D. Having understood解析：该题考查非谓语动词。所填词做题干的主语，应用动名词形式，且是陈述一个客观事实，用动名词的一般式，故选A。答案：A 24.As John Lennon once said，life is _ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. where解析：该题考查名词性从句。所填词引导表语从句，引导词作从句的主语，指物，用what，故选C。答案：C25. -Ive

5、 prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.-Do you mean we _ bring anything with us?A. cantB. mustntC. shant D. neednt解析：该题考查情态动词。题干意思是：我已经准备好了野餐要带的各种食物。你的意思是我们不必带食物了吗？由此可知所填词意思是“不必”，故选D。答案：D26. You will never gain success _ you are fully devoted to your workA. whenB. becauseC. afterD. unless解析：该题考查

6、状语从句。题干意为：除非你全身心地投入到你的工作中，否则你就不会获得成功。所填词引导条件状语从句，意思是“除非，如果不”，故选D。答案：D 27. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _ at thenight sky.A. to stareB. staringC. staredD. having stared解析：该题考查非谓语动词。所填词作伴随状语，与lying的动作同时进行，且与逻辑主语是主动关系，用v-ing的一般式，故选B。答案：B28. Since th

7、e time humankind started gardening, we _ to make our environment more beautiful.A. tryB. have been trying C. are tryingD. will try解析：该题考查动词时态。根据since引导的时间状语从句可知所填词表示“从过去一直持续到现在的动作”，强调其持续性，应用现在完成进行时，故选B。 答案：B29. Only when you can find peace in your heart _ good relationships with others.A. will you k

8、eepB. you will keepC. you keptD. did you keep解析：该题考查特殊句式。only所修饰的状语位于句首时，主句用部分倒装句，即将主句谓语中的助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主句的主语前，根据从句可知主句用一般将来时，故选A。答案：A30. _ what youre doing today important, because youre trading a day of your life for itA. Make B. To makeC. MakingD. Made解析：该题考查句子时态。根据because一词可知其前是一个句子，所填词作其谓语，应用谓语

9、动词，根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时，所填词应用动词原形，故选A。答案：A31. I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings forher.A. asB. whyC. whenD. where 解析：该题考查定语从句。先行词是day，关系词在从句中做时间状语，应用关系副词when，故选C。答案：C32.All we need _ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit tre

10、esthroughout the growing seasons of the year.A. areB. wasC. isD. were解析：该题考查主谓一致和动词时态。根据表语a small piece of land可知谓语用单数，而根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时，故选C。答案：C 33. Its not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do _ makes life happy.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. who 解析：该题考查强调句型。被强调部分是not doing th

11、e things we like, but liking the things we have to do，指动作（物），故用that，选A。答案：A34. Whenever you _ a present, you should think about it from the receivers point of view.A. boughtB. have boughtC. will buyD. buy解析：该题考查动词时态。分析题干可知本句是陈述一个客观事实，应用一般现在时，所填词用原形，故选D。答案：D 35. _ ourselves from the physical and ment

12、al tensions, we each need deep thought and innerquietness.A. Having freedB. FreedC. To freeD. Freeing解析：该题考查非谓语动词。题干意思是：为了使我们自己从句身体和心理的紧张中解脱出来，我们每个人都需要深度思考和内心的安宁。所填词作目的状语，应用动词不定式，故选C。答案：CSection B (18 marks)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,

13、 B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The summer before I went off to college, Mom stood me in her usual spot behind the ironing board(烫衣板)and said, “Pay attention: Im going to teach you to iron.”Mom clearly explained her 36 for this lesson. I was going t

14、o be 37 and needed to learnthis vital skill.Also, I would be meeting new people, and properly ironed clothes would help me make a good38 .“Learn to iron a shirt,” com Mom said, “and you can iron anything.”But ironing shirts was not 39 work. It didnt make use of long muscles we used to throw abasebal

15、l，and it wasnt a 40 operation like ice-skating. Ironing was like driving a car on a street that hasa stop sign every 10 feet, Moreover, an iron produced steam and it carried an element of 41 . If youtouched the wrong part of it, youd get burnt. If you forgot to turn it off when you 42 , you might bu

16、mdown the house.As for technique, Mom 43 me to begin with the flat spaces outward, always pushing the ironforward into wrinkled(有褶皱的) parts. Collars had to be done right. Mom said they were close to your face, where everyone would 44 them.Over the years, Ive learned to iron shirts skillfully, which

17、gives me a sense of 45 . Whateverfailures I suffer in my life, an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something. 46 , through ironing Ivelearned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems. “ 47 wrinkles one at a time,” asMom might have said, “and before long everything will get ironed

18、out.” 36.A. reasonsB. rulesC. emotionsD. methods解析：根据空后的介词for可以推断出所填词意思是“原因，理由”，选A。答案：A37.A. helpfulB. confidentC. powerfulD. independent解析：句意是：我将要独立，所以必须学会这些重要的技能。所填词意思是“独立的”，作表语，故选D。 答案：D38.A. conclusionB. suggestionC. impressionD. observation解析：根据前一分句中的meeting new people可以推断出所填词与make构成固定搭配，意思是“给留

19、下印象”，故选C。答案：C39.A. usefulB. easyC. special D. suitable解析：根据后几句的意思可知本句意思是：但熨烫衣服不是一件简单的工作。故选B。答案：B40.A. directB. singleC. smoothD. strange解析：根据ice-skating可以推断出所填词意思是“平坦的，顺利的”，故选C。答案：C41.A. doubtB. pressure C. surpriseD. danger解析：根据后两句可以可知本句意思是：还有，熨斗产生蒸汽，它有一些危险因素存在。故选D。答案：D42. A. went awayB. fell downC

20、. jumped offD. looked up解析：go away意为“消失，离开”；fall down意为“失败，倒塌”；jump off意为“跳下，开始行动”；look up意为“打量，抬头看”。句意是：当你走开时忘了关电源，你有可能会烧着整个房子。故选A。答案：A43.A. taughtB. choseC. forcedD. sent解析：根据第一自然段中的Im going to teach you to iron可知此处选A。 答案：A44.A. touchB. designC. seeD. admire解析：句意是：每个人都能看见。故选C。答案：C45.A. honestyB. f

21、reedomC. justiceD. pride 解析：根据skillfully可知“我”能熟练地熨烫衣服，那么应该是有种“自豪感”，故选D。答案：D46.A. InsteadB. BesidesC. OtherwiseD. However解析：句意是：此外，通过熨烫衣服，我甚至学会了解决最棘手的问题的方法。所填词表示进一步补充说明，意为“此外，还有”，故选B。答案：B47.A. Make upB. Deal with CAsk forD. Rely on解析：make up意为“弥补，编造，组成”；deal with意为“处理，对付”；ask for意为“要求，请求”；rely on意为“依

22、靠”。句意是：一次对付一个褶皱的地方。故选B。答案：B Section C (12 marks)Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.We can choose our friends, but usually we cannot choose our neighbors. However, to get a happy home life,we have to get along with 48 as well a

23、s possible.An important quality in a neighbor is consideration for 49 . People should not do things 50will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily. For example, television sets need not be played at full volume (音量)51 loud pop music should not be played very late at night. By avoiding things likely to

24、 upset your neighbors,you can enjoy 52 friendly relationship with them.An equally important quality is tolerance. Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people,53 there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable. 54 neighbors want to getalong well with each other; th

25、ey have to show their tolerance. In this way, everyone will live 55peace.48. _ 49. _ 50. _ 51. _ 52. _ 53. _ 54. _ 55. _解析：48.所填词指代前文中的neighbors，作宾语，故用them。49.句意是：邻里一个重要的优秀品质是我他人着想。故用others。50.引导定语从句，先行词是things，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故用which或that。51.由分句句意可知前后句是相加顺延关系，故用连词and。52.relationship意为“关系”，在此处用作可数名词单数

26、，故前加不定冠词a。53.根据前一句中的avoid和后一句中的unavoidable可知此处所填词表转折，故用连词but。54.句意是：如果（当）邻居们想要和睦相处时，他们会互相忍让。所填词引导条件或时间状语从句，故用if或when。55.所填词与peace构成固定短语，意思是“和平地”，用介词in。答案：48. them 49. others 50. which/that 51. and 52. a 53. but 54. If/When 55. in PartReading Comprehension (30 marks)Directions: Read the following thr

27、ee passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best accordingto the information given in the passage. AWant to improve your writing skills? New Writing South is directing the w

28、ay!Towner Writer Squad (班组）for kids aged 13-17Led by comedy and TV writer, Marian Kilpatrick, Towner Writer Squad will meet once a month at thecontemporary art museum for 11 months, starting 12 October, 2014.The FREE squad sessions will include introductions to a wide range of writing styles, from p

29、oetry to playwriting and lyrics (抒情诗）to flash fiction, to support the development of young writers.Application some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.Social science research has added a further dimension(方面), suggesting that individuals

30、behaviour in thehome can be personal and cannot be predicted-whether people throw open their windows rather than turn downthe thermostat(恒温器), for example.Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings andtheir own behaviour in them.66.As to

31、 energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of _.A. zero-carbon homesB. the behaviour of building usersC. sustainable building designD. the reduction of carbon emissions解析：推理判断题。根据文章首句可知英国能源研究中心的研究表明了人们行为举止对环境的重要性，故选B。 答案：B67. The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to

32、” _.”A. the waysB. their homesC. developmentsD. existing efforts解析：词义猜测题。Which引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是existing efforts，故选D。答案：D68. What are Katy Jandas words mainly about?A. The importance of changing building users, habits.B. The necessity of making a careful building design.C. The variety of consumption p

33、atterns of building users.D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三自然段中的consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most carefuldesign一句可知专家强调改变人们的家庭生活习惯的重要性，故选A。答案：A69. The information gap in energy use _.A. can be bridged by feedback facilitiesB. affects the

34、 study on energy monitorsC. brings about problems for smart metersD. will be caused by building usersold habits解析：细节理解题。根据第四自然段中的最后一句可知本题选A。答案：A70. What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?A. The social science research is to be furthered.B. The education programme is under d

35、iscussion. C. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.D. The behaviour preference of building users is similar.解析：细节理解题。根据第五自然段的首句可知人们在家庭的行为活动是不可预知的，故选C。答案：C Part IV Writing (45 marks)Section A(10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the informa

36、tion from thepassage.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Many of us invest valuable time，energy and money planning our vacations. We do this because we know forsure that going on vacations must be good for us. Research proves this feeling without a doubt. Vacations help usperform better a

37、t work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.Yet, despite these benefits, many of us return home with a feeling that our last vacation was OK - but notgreat. In order to change this, some mistakes should be avoided.Aclassic one for vacation planners is attemptingto maximize va

38、lue for money by planning trips that have too many components (组成部分). Perhaps youreplanning a trip to Europe, seven cities in 10 days，and you realize it will cost only a little more to add two moredestinations to the list Sounds fine in theory, but hopping from one place to the next hardly gives an

39、opportunity to experience what psychologists call mindfulness - time to take in our new surroundings, time to be present andabsorb our travel experiences.Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues such as how tofind a good flight deal，how to get fromAto B，or which destinations

40、to add or subtract from our journey. Theseissues may seem important, but our psychological state of mind is far more important.Actually, vacation happiness is based on the following top rules. First, choose your travel companions wisely,because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than t

41、he right companions. Second，dont spend yourvacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to maintain a positive mood. Third, shop wisely,for meaningful experiences provide more long-term happiness than physical possessions. 71. _ 72. _ 73. _ 74. _ 75. _76. _ 77. _ 78. _ 79. _ 80.

42、_解析：71.通读全文，且根据文中多次提到的vocation可知本文大意是关于快乐的假期，故此处用vocations。72.根据第一自然段中的Vocations help us perform better at work一句可知此处用perform的名词形式performance。73.由第一自然段最后一句中的improve our sleep quality可知答案。 74.根据第二自然段中的Aclassic one for vocation planners is attempting to maximize value for money可知此处用attempt。75.根据第二自然段中

43、的Another mistake is that we worry too much可知此处用worry。76.根据第二自然段中的such as how to find a good flight deal可知答案。77.根据第二自然段中的or which destination to add or subtract from our journey可知此处用adding。78.根据第三自然段首句中的the following top rules可知此处用rules。79.根据第三自然段中的First, choose your companions wisely可知此处用choice。80.根

44、据本段中的Third, shop wisely可知此处用shopping wisely。答案：71. vocations 72. performance 73. quality of sleep 74. attempt 75. worry 76. good flight deal77. adding 78. rules 79. choice 80. shopping wiselySection B (10 marks) Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the informatio

45、n given in thepassage. Kids and PondsYears ago there was a group of kids who would hang around at some local ponds in the woods near theirhouses in Warwick, Rhode Island. In summer they caught frogs and fish. When winter arrived they couldnt waitto go skating. Time passed, and the ponds became the o

46、nly open space for the kids to enjoy themselves in thatneighborhood.One day, a thirteen-year-old boy from this group of kids read in the local newspaper that a developer wantedto fill in the ponds and build over a hundred small houses called condominiums. So the boy went door to door andgathered mor

47、e than two hundred signatures(签名) to stop the developmentAgroup of citizens met and decided tosupport him.At the meeting of the town planning board(委员会), the boy was quite nervous at first and spoke very softly.But when he saw the faces of his friends and neighbors in the crowd and thought about wha

48、t was happening to their favorite ponds，his voice grew louder. He told the town officials that they should speak for the citizens. Healso insisted that they should leave enough space for children.Afew days later，the developer stopped his plan.Nine years later, when that teen was a senior in college, he was informed that the developer was back withhis proposal to build condominiums. Now twenty-two years old, he was studying wetlands ecolo