职称英语理工类A级模拟82及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A级模拟 82及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The union representative put across her argument very effectively.（分数：1.00）A.explainedB.inventedC.consideredD.accepted2.He talks tough but has a tender heart.（分数：1.00）A.heavyB.strongC.kindD.wild3.It is no use debating the relat

2、ive merits of this policy.（分数：1.00）A.makingB.takingC.discussingD.expecting4.Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.（分数：1.00）A.wasteB.buyC.useD.sell5.The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.（分数：1.00）A.functionB.abilityC.powerD.volume6.Our lives are intimately bou

3、nd up with theirs.（分数：1.00）A.tenselyB.nearlyC.carefullyD.closely7.Her faith upheld her in times of sadness.（分数：1.00）A.supportedB.excitedC.inspiredD.directed8.The book provides a concise analysis of the country“s history.（分数：1.00）A.cleanB.perfectC.realD.brief9.It is laid down in the regulations that

4、all members must carry their membership cards at all times.（分数：1.00）A.suggestedB.warnedC.statedD.confirmed10.The council meeting terminated at 2 o“clock.（分数：1.00）A.beganB.continuedC.endedD.resumed11.A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.（分数：1.00）A.signB.substituteC.proofD.target12.However

5、 bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change.（分数：1.00）A.reluctantB.eagerC.pleasedD.angry13.It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.（分数：1.00）A.limitB.controlC.replaceD.offset14.The secretary is expected to exp

6、lore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.（分数：1.00）A.denyB.investigateC.stressD.create15.The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.（分数：1.00）A.graduallyB.suddenlyC.excessivelyD.exceptionally二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)A Great

7、 Quake Coming?Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the bay area and they can be devastating. In 1906, for example, a major quake destroyed about 28,000 buildings and killed hundreds, perhaps thousands of people. Residents now wonder when the next “Big One“ will st

8、rike. It“s bound to happen someday. At least seven active fault (断层) lines run through the San Francisco area. Faults are places where pieces of Earth“s crust (地壳) slide past each other. When these pieces slip, the ground shakes. To prepare for that day, scientists are using new techniques to reanal

9、yze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens. One new finding about the 1906 earthquake is that the San Andreas faults split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time. During small earthquakes, faults rupture (断裂) at about 2.7 kilometers per se

10、cond. During bigger quakes, however, ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second. At such high speeds, massive amounts of pressure build up, generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itself. Lucky for San Francisco, these pressure pulses (脉冲) trave

11、l away from the city during the 1906 event. As bad as the damage was, it could have been far worse. Looking ahead, scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occur. Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906. Since then, the earthquake has been relatively quiet. Patte

12、rns in the data, however, suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent. New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakes. Still, more than 84 percent of the city“s buildings are old and weak. Analysts suggest that a

13、nother massive earthquake would cause extensive damage. People who live there tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a while. According to the new research, however, it“s not a matter of if the Big One will hit. It“s just a matter of when.（分数：7.00）(1).The San Francisco

14、 area is located above several active fault lines.（分数：1.00）A.Right.B.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American history.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The highest speed of fault ruptures in the 1906 quake was more than 3.5 kilometers pe

15、r second.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Earthquakes rarely happened before 1906.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).San Francisco is fully prepared for another big earthquake.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Scientist will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake

16、soon.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Barriers to Transportation and CommunicationTransportation and communication networks bring people together. Yet someti

17、mes people themselves create barriers (障碍) to transportation and communication. In many countries, laws stop their citizens from moving freely from place to place. Over the centuries, many groups of people have been denied the freedom to travel because of their race, religion, or nationality. In the

18、 Middle Ages, for example, Jews were often forbidden to move about freely within certain cities. South Africa“s government used to require black Africans to carry passes when they travel within the country. Some governments require all citizens to carry identification papers and to report to governm

19、ent officials whenever they move. Countries set up customs posts at their borders. Foreign travellers must go through a customs inspection before they are allowed to travel in the country. Usually travellers have to carry special papers such as passports and visas (签证). Some countries even limit the

20、 number of visitors to their country each year. Others allow tourists to visit only certain areas of the country, or they may require that travellers be with an official guide at all times during their stay. Many of those barriers to travel also act as barriers to communication. When two governments

21、 disagree with each other on important matters, they usually do not want their citizens to exchange news or ideas freely. Countries often try to keep military or industrial information secret. Today, people have the ability to travel, to communicate and to transport goods more quickly and easily tha

22、n ever before. Natural barriers that were difficult or dangerous to cross a hundred years ago can now be crossed easily. The barriers that people themselves make are not so easy to overcome. But in spite of all the different kinds of barriers, people continue to enjoy travel and the exchange of good

23、s and ideas.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1. A. Continuous communication in spite of barriers B. Barriers inside the country C. Travel around the world D. Barriers to communication E. Barriers across the countries F. Political powers（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）(4).Parag

24、raph 5 1.（分数：1.00）(5).Communication brings people together, but sometimes 1. A. they usually do not want their citizens to communicate B. there are wars among countries C. a customs inspection D. people make barriers to block it E. a health examination F. they carried passes（分数：1.00）(6).In the past,

25、 black Africans could travel in South Africa only if 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Before foreign travellers are allowed to enter the country, they must go through 1.（分数：1.00）(8).When two governments have disagreements on key issues, 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Losing WeightGirls as

26、young as 10 years old are dieting and in danger of developing unhealthy attitudes about weight, body image and food, a group of Toronto researchers reported Tuesday. Their study of 2,279 girls aged 10 to 14 showed that while the vast majority had healthy weights, nearly a third felt they were overwe

27、ight and were trying to lose pounds. Even at the tender age of 10, nearly 32 per cent of girls felt “too fat“ and 31 per cent said they were trying to diet. McVey, a researcher at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, and her colleagues analyzed data collected in a number of surveys of southern

28、 Ontario school girls between 1993 and 2003, reporting their findings in Tuesday“s issue of the Canadian Medical Association Journal. Nearly 80 percent of the girls had a healthy body weight and only 7.2 per cent were considered overweight using standard weight-to-height ratios. Most researchers sug

29、gest the rate of overweight children in this country is several times higher than that figure. Nearly 30 percent of the girls reported they were currently trying to lose weight, though few admitted to dangerous behavior such as self-induced vomiting. Still, a test that measured attitudes towards eat

30、ing showed 10.5 per cent of survey participants were already at risk of developing an eating disorder. “We“re not talking about kids who“ve been prescribed a diet because they“re above average weight or overweight. We“re talking about children who are within a healthy weight range. And they have tak

31、en it upon themselves to diet to lose weight,“ McVey said, acknowledging she found the rates disturbing. She said striking a balance between healthy weights and healthy attitudes towards food and body image is a complex task, with no easy solutions.（分数：15.00）(1).The study showed that most of the gir

32、ls _.（分数：3.00）A.were overweightB.were on a dietC.had unhealthy attitudes about weightD.had a healthy body weight(2).What percentage of the girls considered themselves overweight?（分数：3.00）A.Nearly 80 percent.B.7.2 percent.C.Nearly 30 percent.D.10.5 percent.(3).The survey participants were girls _.（分数

33、：3.00）A.who were 10B.who were 14C.who were 10 to 14D.who were 10 to 18(4).What kind of institution does the lead researcher work with?（分数：3.00）A.A school.B.A hospital.C.An association.D.A charity.(5).Unhealthy attitudes about weight, body image and food may _.（分数：3.00）A.lead to an eating disorderB.r

34、esult from self-induced vomitingC.make it easier to gain weightD.bring about greater competition六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Longer Lives for Wild ElephantsMost people think of zoos as safe places for animals, where struggles such as difficulty finding food and avoiding predators don“t exist. Without such p

35、roblems, animals in zoos should live to a ripe old age. But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health. They develop diseases, joint problems and behavior changes. Sometimes, they even become infertile, or un

36、able to have babies. To learn more about how captivity affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting

37、factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe. The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born elephants with the life spans of thousands of fema

38、le wild elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that work in logging camps, over approximately the same time period. The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 yearsmore than thre

39、e times as long. Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos, they lived 18.9 years, while those in the logging camps lived 41.7 years. Scientists don“t yet know why wild elephants seem to fare so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Georgia Mason, a biologist at the Univer

40、sity of Guelph in Canada who led the study, thinks stress and obesity may be to blame. Zoo elephants don“t get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild, and most are very fat. Elephant social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large herds and family gr

41、oups. Another finding from the study showed that Asian elephants born in zoos were more likely to die early than Asian elephants captured in the wild and brought to zoos. Mason suggests stress in the mothers in zoos might cause them to have babies that are less likely to survive. The study raises so

42、me questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce successfully and maintain healthy populations, that doesn“t appear to be the case with elephants. “Currently, zoos are net consumers of elephants, not net producers,“ Ma

43、son says.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the first two paragraphs, unlike other zoo animals, zoo elephants _.（分数：3.00）A.have difficulty eating foodB.live to a ripe old ageC.are not afraid of predatorsD.develop health problems(2).Which of the following about the international scientists“ research on the l

44、ife spans of elephants is NOT true according to Paragraph 3?（分数：3.00）A.They compared zoo elephants with wild elephants.B.They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their care.C.They analyzed the records of the elephants kept in zoos.D.The zoo-born elephants they studied are kept in European

45、zoos.(3).What do the scientists find in their research?（分数：3.00）A.Female elephants live longer than male elephants.B.Female zoo elephants live longer than their wild counterparts.C.Female zoo elephants die much earlier than their wild counterparts.D.Elephants in zoos and those in the wild enjoy the

46、same long life spans.(4).What are the possible causes of stress and obesity zoo-raised elephants generally suffer from?（分数：3.00）A.They do not like living in herds.B.They do not get enough exercise.C.They do not live with their families.D.Both B and C.(5).Which of the following does the author sugges

47、t in the last paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.It may not be a wise policy to keep elephants in the zoo.B.Elephants are no longer an endangered species.C.Zoo-born elephants should be looked after more carefully.D.Zoos should keep more animals except elephants.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The rough guide to marketing su

48、ccess used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid“ mediasuch as television commercials and print advertisementsstill play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “earned“ media by wil

49、lingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned“ media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. In fact, the way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing“s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media. Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiator for users“ responses. But in some cases, one marketer“s owned media become another marketer“s paid