职称英语理工类A级模拟80及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A 级模拟 80 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.“I am not meddling.“ Mary said mildly , “I“m just curious.“（分数：1.00）A.gentlyB.shylyC.weaklyD.sweetly2.In 1816 it seemed inevitable that Southern states would break away from the Union.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.certainC.inconsisten

2、tD.proper3.Many of Carson McCuller“s characters are isolated , disappointed people.（分数：1.00）A.solitaryB.gloomyC.feebleD.frugal4.The workers finally called off the strikes.（分数：1.00）A.put offB.endedC.cancelledD.participated in5.John has made up his mind not to go to the meeting.（分数：1.00）A.wantedB.prom

3、isedC.decidedD.agreed6.I catch a cold now and then .（分数：1.00）A.alwaysB.occasionallyC.constantlyD.regularly7.He often finds fault with my work.（分数：1.00）A.criticizesB.praisesC.evaluatesD.talks about8.The little girl grasped her mother“s hand as she crossed the street.（分数：1.00）A.understoodB.had a hold

4、overC.took hold ofD.left hold of9.In the situation comedy, a traditional format for television shows, the same characters appear repeatedly in humorous episodes.（分数：1.00）A.respectivelyB.again and againC.simultaneouslyD.briefly10.The best olive oil is obtained from olives that are harvested just afte

5、r they ripen.（分数：1.00）A.preservedB.squeezedC.sortedD.gathered11.Do not waste time on insignificant points.（分数：1.00）A.interestingB.dullC.unimportantD.boring12.The company issues an annual report every March.（分数：1.00）A.a longB.a yearlyC.a financialD.a product13.As both a religion and a social force, P

6、uritanism has made a widespread influence in the United States.（分数：1.00）A.a far-reachingB.a disturbingC.an annoyingD.a favorable14.When Washington D. C. was burned in 1814, Dollety Madison rescued many official papers from the White House.（分数：1.00）A.stoleB.filedC.hidD.saved15.She was one of the lead

7、ing writers in her age.（分数：1.00）A.successfulB.majorC.outstandingD.musical二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Will We Take Vacation in Spaces?When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service, he figured his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellites into high-Earth orbit.

8、 Now he thinks he may have figured wrong. “People were always asking me when they could go,“ says Kelly, who runs Kelly Space Technology out of San Bernardino, California. “I realized that real market is in space tourism.“ According to preliminary market surveys, there are 10,000 would-be-space-tour

9、ists willing to spend $ 1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventure in Arlington, Virginia, has taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour, $ 98,000 space tour tentatively (and somewhat dubiously) set to occur by 2005. Gene Meyers of the Space Island Group says: “Space is the next e

10、xotic vacation spot.“ This may all sound great, but there are a few hurdles. Putting a simple satellite into orbit with no oxygen, life support or return trip necessary already costs an astronomical $ 22,000/kg. And that doesn“t include the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious passenger. Joh

11、n Pike of the Federation of American Scientists acerbically suggests that the entire group of entrepreneurs trying to corner the space tourism market have between them “just enough money to blow up one rocket.“ The U.S. space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensiv

12、e for the little guys. So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do: design a reusable launch system that“s inexpensive, safe and reliable. Kelly Spaee“s prototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines. Rotary Rocket in Redwood City, California, has a booste

13、r with rotors make a helicopter-style return to Earth; Kistler Aerospace in Kirkland, Washington, is piecing together its versions from old Soviet engines, shuttle-style thermal protection tiles and an elaborate parachute system. The first passenger countdowns are still years away, but bureaucrats a

14、t the Federal Aviation Administration in Washington are already informally discussing flight regulations. After all, you can“t be too prepared for a trip to that galaxy far, far away. For those who are intent on joining the 100-mile high club, Hilton and Budget are plotting to build space hotels. Be

15、fore the Russian space Mir came down, some people were talking about using it as a low-rent space hotel to reduce the cost. If a space hotel is finally built in space, and if you“re thinking of staying in it, you may want to check the Michelin ratings before booking yourself a suite.（分数：7.00）(1).Mik

16、e Kelly planned to turn his business of making bread and butter into a business that is engaged in space tourism.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Kelly hoped to develop space tourism, which he thought would be a good market.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Space Adventure in Arling

17、ton has taken 130 deposits totaling $ 98,000 for a two-hour space tour.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).It sounds great that soon there will be space residence, although it is still a tentative plan.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Some of the hurdles space tourism faces include a

18、lack of oxygen and life support equipment.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Little guys, who do not have plenty of money but have great interest in space tourism, are trying to make the space travel less expensive but more reliable.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).We can infer from

19、the context that the Michelin ratings can help people to find prices of hotels.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)The Weight ExperimentNicola Walters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a sma

20、ll room called a “calorimeter“ (热量测量室 ) is one way to find out. 1. The signs above the two rooms read simply “Chamber One“ and “Chamber Two“. These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads “P

21、lease do not enterwork in progress“ and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer. 2. Nicola Walters is one of twenty volunteers who,

22、over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme. As a self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around

23、 her work. She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out. 3. The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four ti

24、mes over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine, timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms

25、about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis. 4. The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. “The first time, I only took one video and a book, but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time,“ says Nicola. And twice a day sh

26、e used the exercise bike. She pedaled (踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn“t go too fast. 5. It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full.

27、 Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. What does the calorimeter look like inside? B. What pro

28、gram was designed for the experiment? C. What is a calorimeter? D. What is the first impression? E. How do the volunteers kill the time? F. Why did Nicola join in the experiments?（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(5).The machinery outside the calo

29、rimeters records everything 1. A. the volunteers do B. because she does not have a weight problem C. because the life there can be very boring D. make people overeat E. because she was her own boss F. after passing a high-protein test（分数：1.00）(6).Nicola Waiters had time for the experiments 1.（分数：1.0

30、0）(7).Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The experiments show that high-fat diets 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)“Salty“ Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBritish scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be abl

31、e to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University“s School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has becom

32、e salty. The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice. It is estimated that each y

33、ear more than 10m hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterr

34、anean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind. Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally.

35、Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive. To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants“ growth. They have started t

36、o breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use. Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of

37、 crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?（分数：3.00）A.They are students at Sussex University.B.They are rice

38、breeders.C.They are husband and wife.D.They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.(2).Flowers and Yeo have started a program _.（分数：3.00）A.to find ways to prevent water pollutionB.to identify genes that promote growth in salty soilC.to breed rice plants that taste saltyD.to find ways to

39、 remove excessive salt from soil(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.B.The water table has gone down after droughts.C.Sea level has been continuously rising.D.Evaporation of water l

40、eaves salt behind.(4).The word “ affect “ in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.“influence“B.“effect“C.“stop“D.“present“(5).The attitude of the author towards the research project is _.（分数：3.00）A.positiveB.negativeC.suspiciousD.indifferent六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The first navigational l

41、ights in the New World were probably lanterns hung at harbor entrances. The first lighthouse was put up by the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor. Paid for and maintained by “light dues“ levied (征收) on ships, the original beacon was blown up i

42、n 1776. Until then there were only a dozen or so true lighthouses in the colonies. Little over a century later, there were 700 lighthouses. The first eight lighthouses erected on the West Coast in the 1850s featured the same basic New England design: a Cape Cod dwelling with the tower rising from th

43、e center or standing close by. In New England and elsewhere, though, lighthouses reflected a variety of architectural styles. Since most stations in the Northeast were set up on rocky eminences (高处), enormous towers were not the rule. Some were made of stone and brick, others of wood or metal. Some

44、stood on pilings or stilts; some were fastened to rock with iron rods. Farther south, from Maryland through the Florida Keys, the coast was low and sandy. It was often necessary to build tall towers theremassive structures like the majestic lighthouse in Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, which was lit

45、in 1870. 190 feet high, it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country. Not withstanding differences in construction appearance, most lighthouses in America shared several features: a light, living quarters, and sometimes a bell (or, later, a foghorn). They also had something else in common: a ke

46、eper and usually the keeper“s family. The keeper“s essential task was trimming the lantern wick (灯芯) in order to maintain a steady, bright flame. The earliest keepers came from every walk of life, they were seamen, farmers, mechanics, rough mill hands and appointments were often handed out by local

47、customs commissioners as political plums. After the administration of lighthouse was taken over in 1852 by the United States Lighthouse Board, and agency of the Treasury Department, the keeper corps gradually became highly professional.（分数：15.00）(1).Which is the best title for the passage?（分数：3.00）A

48、.The Lighthouse on Little Brewster Island.B.The Life of a Lighthouse Keeper.C.Early Lighthouses in the United States.D.The Modern Profession of Lighthouse-keeping.(2).Why does the author mention the Massachusetts Bay Colony?（分数：3.00）A.It was the headquarters of the United States Lighthouse Board.B.M

49、any of the tallest lighthouses were built there.C.The first lantern wicks were developed there.D.The first lighthouse in North America was built there.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that lighthouses in the Northeast did NOT need high towers because _.（分数：3.00）A.ships there had high mastsB.coastal waters were safeC.the coast was straight and unobstructedD.the lighthouses were built on high places(4).According to the passage, where can the tallest brick lighthouse in the United States be found?（分数：3.00）A.Little Brewster Island.B.The Florida Keys.C.Cape Hatteras.D.C