雅思-54及答案解析.doc

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1、雅思-54 及答案解析(总分：300.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BListening Modul(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSection 1 /B(总题数：2，分数：100.00)BQuestions 1-10/BBQuestions 1-5/BComplete the form below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Property Rental Search: Client DetailsAddress: “The Royal“, U U 1 /U /U, Ironbridg

2、eAge: U U 2 /U /UAccommodation required from: U U 3 /U /Uuntil 30 JunePrice range: minimum 60 per week, maximumU U 4 /U /Uper weekPreferred type of property: U U 5 /U /U （分数：50.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Questions 6-10Answer the question below, choosing the correct answers from the list p

3、rovided.Which problem do the speakers identify for each part of the city?no parks high-crime area far from university noisyfew shops expensive poor public transport no sports facilities（分数：50.00）(1).Ironbridge（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_(2).Newfields（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_(3).Upton（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_(4).Oxgate（分数：10.0

4、0）填空项 1:_(5).Ferry（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_三、Section 2(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Questions 11-20Questions 11-15Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. DestinationNumber of Nights Accommodation Special Features Price per PersonAustralia 9 hostels, bushcamps all mealsinclu

5、ded UU 1 /U/UIndia UU 2 /U/U hotels desert trek 670Peru 12hotels, lodge inUU 3 /U/UAmazon cruise 1074Egypt 11hotels, boat andUU 4 /U/UNile cruise 826China 8 hotelsreturnUU 5 /U/Uincluded956（分数：50.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Questions 16-18Choose THREE answers A-G.Which THREE of the followi

6、ng are features of holidays with this company?A reduced price per person for group bookingsB extra charge for people occupying a single roomC possibility of making last-minute bookingsD fee for changing an existing bookingE advertised itinerary always followedF decisions made by group leaders withou

7、t negotiationG payment to local group leaders sometimes required（分数：30.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Questions 19-20Choose TWO answers A-E.Which TWO of these must you do before your holiday?A Pay the full cost of the holiday six weeks before departure at the latest.B Pay entrance fees to sites and parks t

8、hat charge admission.C Tell the insurance company about any illnesses you have.D Send the travel company a copy of your passport.E Obtain any tourist visas by yourself.（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、Section 3(总题数：2，分数：10.00)Questions 21-30Questions 21-27Choose the correct answer, A, B or C. （分数：7.00）(1).

9、Steve says that the members of the study group should A. all read the same books. B. read different books from each other. C. discuss things, instead of reading books.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).They agree that understanding difficult points may be helped by A. reading them again. B. writing them down. C. li

10、stening to them.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).According to Julia, it can be difficult in a lecture to A. ask questions. B. hear the lecturer. C. take notes.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Steve thinks they should take their notes to the group meeting in order to A. see whose notes are best. B. identify any gaps in their no

11、tes. C. prepare questions for the lecturer.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).They agree that discussing their notes will encourage them to A. attend more lectures. B. write clearer notes. C. write better essays.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).Regarding study habits, Julia says she is very bad at A. revising for exams. B. conce

12、ntrating for long. C. organizing her time.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Julia thinks the group should be able to A. help with poor motivation. B. prevent arguments with friends. C. encourage other study groups.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.Questions 28-30Answer the questions below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMB

13、ER for each answer.（分数：3.00）(1).What will be the maximum number in the group?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Where will the group meet?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).How often will the group meet?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_五、Section 4(总题数：3，分数：10.00)Questions 31-40Questions 31-32Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS

14、for each answer.Artificial voices are now used in banks, on the phone, and in U U /U /UBut they are unpopular owing to poor U U /U /U （分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Questions 33-36Answer the question below, choosing the correct answers from the list provided.N.B. You may use any answer more than once.When w

15、ere the following invented?（分数：4.00）(1).Speaking Machine（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Speak Spel toy（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Perfect Paul（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Voder（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Questions 37-40Complete the sentences below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.（分数：4.00）(1).In the 1990s, recorded human speech

16、 was separated into individual sounds, then put back together again as _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).No matter how good the sound quality, computer voices still cannot express real _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).People cannot avoid reacting just as they would to a _ voice.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Research discovered that l

17、isteners reacted better to a voice with the same _ as theirs.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_六、BReading Module(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Reading Passage 1(总题数：2，分数：13.00)Mastering the RaceA If asked to identify the single most important physical attribute that marks mankind from the beasts, the ability to run for long distan

18、ces without falling over would probably trail last, long after an expanded brain, dexterous hands, the existence of childhood or even just standing upright. Yet according to a report in todays Nature, it is endurance runningas distinct from sprinting, walking or just standing upthat explains many of

19、 the peculiarities of the human frame.B Most of the explanations of the origins and evolution of bipeds have concentrated on our ability to walk. But humans have two gaits, walking and running, and in discussions of evolution, running gets left behind. Why? The easy answer is the proverbial one, tha

20、t we had to learn to walk before we could run. This does not really explain anything, and in any case theres more to it than that, according to Dennis M. Bramble of the University of Utah, and Daniel E. Lieberman of Harvard University.C Scientists have not looked at the evolution of running, because

21、 in the world of animal athleticism humans are seen as very poor runners. Or are they? As every Olympian will know, there is more than one kind of running. But usually when we think of running, it is running fast over short distances. Sprinting demands specialist training. Few humans make good sprin

22、ters and even an Olympian cant keep up the pace of a 100-metre dash for more than 15 seconds or so. Which is, in the scheme of things, pathetic. Horses, antelope, and greyhounds can gallop twice as fast for several minutes without conspicuous distress. D Sustained running, however, is a different ga

23、me, and something we are surprisingly successful at. With a little training, we can maintain a steady pace for miles at a time and our speeds compare not too unfavourably with those of horses and dogs. Although four-legged animals easily outpace us in a sprint, this is partly a function of having fo

24、ur legs, in that quadrupeds can gallop, a fore-and-aft gait that is physically impossible for an animal with two legs, one on each side. But trotting is a contralateral gait directly comparable with human running, and a human can keep up with a trotting pony. If this sounds incredible as you charge

25、down the street after a fast-disappearing bus, consider this: long-distance running may be common among animals such as dogs and horses, but extremely rare in primatesso rare, in fact, that humans are the only primates to do it. To be sure, chimps may be nifty sprinters, but they are lousy joggers.E

26、 All this, say Bramble and Lieberman, demands explanation. So they point to a number of features of the human frame that seem particularly good adaptations for running, as distinct from just walking. Our long legs with compact, strongly-arched feet, pulled together with long tendons that store energ

27、y, ensure a bouncy, efficient trot. Less obvious is the fact that our bodies are constructed so that our arms can swing freely, out of phase with our moving feet, keeping us balanced as we run. Our forearms are proportionally shorter and lighter than in other primatesan advantage given that we keep

28、them habitually flexed as we run. We have a ligament in our necks that ensures our heads are maintained in an upwards and forwards direction, towards the finish line. An equivalent ligament is found in horses but not, crucially, in chimpanzees.F Questions of cause and effect in evolution are notorio

29、usly tricky, as they so often go no further than “just-so“ stories that cannot be tested or falsified. Scenarios abound explaining what made humans stand upright: to free hands for carrying food, making tools or cuddling babies; to expose a greater area of (increasingly hairless) skin to cooling bre

30、ezes; simply to see over the long grass, and so on. All are possible, but none can be tested rigorously. In any case, none can explain adaptations that seem to make sense only in the context of endurance running. To explain these, we have to invoke scenarios that are equally unfalsifiable.G One inte

31、resting idea comes from studying animals that also go in for endurance runningopen country pursuit-predators and scavengers such as dogs and hyenas. A suitable frame for long-distance running emerged with the genus Homo around 2.5 million years ago, along with big brains, small guts and small teetha

32、ll traits consistent with a carnivorous lifestyle and a diet rich in fats and proteins. Before we invented bows and arrows to bridge that gap, if we wanted to bring meat home, we had to run for it.Questions 1-6Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs A-G.Choose the most suitable headings for paragraph

33、s B-G from the list of headings given.Write the correct numbers, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi A key difference between humans and animalsii Good balance when runningiii Looking for evolutionary reasonsiv Using weapons to kill animals for foodv Relatively weak performance as sp

34、rintersvi Hunting by chasing animals over long distancesvii Why we are well built for distance runningviii Two different ways of going on footix Good long-distance performancex Comparing human performance then and now（分数：6.00）(1).Paragraph B（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph C（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragrap

35、h D（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph E（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph F（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Paragraph G（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Questions 7-12Complete the sentences below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 7-12 on your answer sheet.（分数：7.00）(1

36、).Some four-legged animals are capable of galloping _ fast as humans can sprint.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2)._ is a style of running in animals which is physically similar to running in humans.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Apart from humans, no other _ are able to run long distances.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).When running, a

37、 chimpanzee cannot keep its head facing _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).It is impossible to test fully any of the suggested reasons why humans began to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).There has been a type of human physically capable of running long distances for about _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Which of the following state

38、ments best describes the writers main purpose in Reading Passage 1?A. To criticize the lack of interest among scientists in the role of running in human evolution.B. To suggest that humans are physically better suited to distance running than sprinting.C. To encourage people to improve their fitness

39、 and health by doing more distance running.D. To explain how the human body inevitably evolved to enable faster distance running.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、Reading Passage 2(总题数：3，分数：14.00)Flying without WingsA The airship may well prove the solution to some pressing transport issues today. One reason is th

40、at the airship is more environmentally friendly than other airborne vehicles. It obtains most of its lift from lighter-than-air gas, usually ultra-safe helium. The engines therefore drive the vehicle through the air, rather than lifting it off the ground, resulting in considerable fuel economy.B The

41、 fascinating story of the airship began in the 13th century, when Roger Bacon, the Franciscan friar with a predilection for experimenting with gunpowder, first considered buoyant flight. He thought it could be achieved by filling a thin-walled metal sphere with rarefied air or liquid fire.C In 1670,

42、 Francesco Lana de Terzi, an Italian, calculated that four such spheres would be needed to lift a boat. But it was a French Engineer Corps officer, Jean-Baptiste-Marie Meusnier, who developed the first practical airship concept, in 1784, by devising an elongated balloon driven by airscrews.D It neve

43、r got off the ground, but it did inspire Britains first aeronautical scientist, Sir George Cayley, who in 1816, took the Frenchmans design one step further to create an egg-shaped balloon with steam-powered propellers. But France won the race, achieving the first steam-powered airship flight in 1852

44、, when the three horsepower, hydrogen-filled Aerial Steamer, designed by Henri Giffard, flew in Paris, zipping along at a glorious 7 mph.E A motor driven by electricity was next, and the pioneers were Charles Renard and Arthur Krebs, who built La France, a 60-metre-long airship fitted with a huge wo

45、oden propeller at the front, the first that could be steered accurately, calm weather permitting. It was also considerably faster than its steam-powered predecessor 32 years earlier-reaching a magnificent 12 mph.F But all these pioneers soon made way for the master, a German aristocrat and army cava

46、lry officer named Ferdinand von Zeppelin. He designed a large military airship, with internal gas bags in a rigid, cigar-shaped, aluminium structure. It was turned down. Zeppelin resigned and established the Zeppelin Airship Corporation in 1898 to build his first airship. The LZ-1 was successfully launched from its floating hangar on Lake Constance on 2 July, 1900, its petrol engine taking it on