大学四级-189及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-189 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 介绍自己的基本情况 2. 列举你所具备的优点 3. 表明自己希望得到该职务 BAn Application for a Post in the Students Union/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BTips for Picking Charities in Gift-giving Season/BAs cash registers ring and shopping bags sag

2、(下垂), some choose not to give yet another pair of red-and-green socks or a peppermint-scented candle, instead sharing the gift of philanthropy (慈善) by making a charitable donation in a loved ones name.Americans are generous givers, with charity donations hitting 306 billion in 2007, the first time t

3、he number broke 300 billion. Nonprofit health organizations took in 23 billion of that haul, according to the Giving USA Foundation, a Glenview, . -based organization that tracks charitable giving. This year may be a bit leaner, says Patrick Rooney of the Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University

4、 in Indianapolis; during a recession giving falls by 1% , he says.How do you decide where your dollars should go? There are nearly 1.8 million nonprofits collecting donations, according to the nonprofit Chicago-based American Institute of Philanthropy, which rates charities based on how they spend t

5、heir money. The abundance of options can make choosing a charity harder than selecting a Christmas cookie from the office party plate.Fortunately, several organizations rate charities to help donors select the best ones.In 2007, charity gift cards entered the Internet scene, allowing the gift recipi

6、ent(接受者) to choose where the dollars go. Last year, the nonprofit charity gift card distributor TisBest.ory helped givers distribute 280,000 to more than 200 charities.Here are a few tips on how to pick the best charity stocking to stuff with your dollars and how to make the process a joy for friend

7、s and loved ones.B1. Consider your recipient/BCharity donations are best suited for people who have all the material possessions they require. If someone on your list really needs a new pair of pants, get them the pants, says TisBest founder Erik Marks. In addition, select a charity that your recipi

8、ent will appreciate. When in doubt, Gamble says, a childrens health charity is always well-received.B2. Consult health professionals for recommendations/BIf you have a particular condition in mind, ask hospitals, doctors and nurses what organizations they respect. “They would know whos doing the imp

9、ortant research,“ says Daniel Borochoff, president of the American Institute of Philanthropy. But make sure to ask if your source is connected to the charity in any way-you want the advice to be unbiased, he said.B3. Offer the gift of choice/BIf youd prefer to let your recipient pick the charity, se

10、veral websites will make that easy for you. TisBest and JustGive.org, both nonprofits, let the gift card recipient choose where the money goes. Bear in mind that a transaction fee goes to the gift card distributor, which can be as high as 15% at CharityGiftCertificates.org, another nonprofit. And no

11、te that if the card recipient never logs on to make a selection-as happens 15% of the time in the industry, Marks says-the distributor keeps the money, spending it as it sees fit.B4. Do your homework/B“Any guy with no morals can set up a charity and start requesting really easily,“ Borochoff says. T

12、hough most charities are legal, what they do with your donation varies widely. For example, Borochoff says, “research“ could mean money for scientists to develop treatments-or it could mean market research to discover how to collect more donor dollars. Similarly, “education“ could refer to training

13、doctors and nurses or it could mean that every solicitation for donations includes a reminder not to smoke. Ask what the charity has accomplished in the past, what programs youll be supporting and how your support will make a difference.B5. Check a charitys ratings/B“You dont have to go this alone,“

14、 Borochoff says. Several services have done the background check for you. The American Institute of Philanthropy (CharityWatch.org) and Charity Navigator (CharityNavigator.org) send out letter grades and stars, respectively, based on how efficiently charities use your money. About one-fifth of the r

15、ated charities get an F, Borochoff says.The Better Business Bureau (give. org) tracks whether charities meet 20 standards of accountability regarding transparency of operations, the members of a board of directors, regular assessment of effectiveness, money management, honesty in donation solicitati

16、on and protection of donors privacy.In addition, nonprofit groups tax returns are available for download ( with registration) at GuideStar.org, so you can see how much money they have and how they spend it-even how much goes home in executives paychecks.B6. Double-check the name/BSome charities soun

17、d similar but earn different ratings. For example, Charity Navigator gives the Childrens Cancer Center four stars, the maximum rating, but the Childrens Cancer Research Fund merits only two stars.B7. Crunch the numbers (计算，盘算)/BAn efficient charity will spend at least 60%, and ideally 75% or more, o

18、f your donation on the programs they support, with 40% or less going to donate more.B8. Make sure your privacy is protected/BCharities should promise not to share your contact or credit card information, or at least offer the chance to opt out of such a program.B9. Give directly to the charity/B“A l

19、ot of business interests have invaded the nonprofit field,“ Borochoff says. Solicitors(推销员) that collect donations on a nonprofits behalf usually take a cut. In the case of telephone solicitations, for example, that cut averages two-thirds of your donation, he says. If you are giving through a third

20、-party group, make sure it promptly passes the donation on to your charity choice-otherwise, the money can go to the middlemans bank account.B10. Invite kids to participate/BGiving children a charity gift card along with this years Elmo incarnation and must-have video games can be a teaching opportu

21、nity, Marks says. “Its an introduction to sharing, an introduction to love and an introduction to decision-making.“B11. Keep the dollar amount to yourself/BYou wouldnt tell someone how much the gift of a Christmas sweater cost, Gamble says - nor should you share how much money you gave in their name

22、. A simple note, telling your recipient about the donation, will suffice.B12. Keep your receipts/BThe tax break goes to the giver, not the receiver. For donations of more than 250, the Internal Revenue Service requires a receipt for itemized deductions ; for smaller donations, a cancelled check, ban

23、k record or letter from the charity is fine.（分数：70.00）(1).According to Patrick Rooney, this year charity donations will reduce to 303 billion（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Chicago-based American Institute of Philanthropy tells how nonprofits spend their money.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).According to Gamble, you can se

24、lect a childrens health charity which is always well-received.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Daniel Borochoff suggests that the donator should take unbiased advice.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).A transaction fee at CharityGiftCertificates.org is higher than that of other nonprofits.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).The American Insti

25、tute of Philanthropy and Charity Navigator rate charities based on how efficiently charities use your money.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Charity Navigator gives the same stars to Childrens Cancer Center and the Childrens Cancer Research Fund.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Solicitors, who work for some nonprofit to coll

26、ect donations, usually _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Inviting children to participate in charity is an introduction to_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).You wouldnt tell someone how much money you give, and it is sufficient to give a simple note to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 a

27、re based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.Going to France.B.Having a dinner tonight.C.Going to a French restaurant.D.Opening a restaurant.A.The fire will break out.B.The man would forget to help her out.C.The man hasnt read the newspaper.D.The building is just in the opposite stre

28、et block.A.In a restaurant.B.In a hotel.C.In a bank.D.In a hospital.A.She will help the man with his study.B.She will drive to pick him up to his home.C.She will pass the examination soon.D.She will find the latest information for him.A.Jogging is much better than climbing stairs.B.The woman should

29、not climb the stairs.C.The woman should take some exercises.D.Each building should be installed with the lift.A.Jog to the town.B.Run around the town.C.Order the shoes from the catalog.D.Look for the shoes in the town.A.He is going to finish his term paper.B.He is going to hand in the paper.C.He is

30、going to correct the errors in the paper.D.He is going to read it to the woman.A.He has to go to another meeting.B.He is very shy to speak before people.C.He might get lost in the crowd.D.He doesnt like to attend the meeting.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28

31、.00）A.It is boring to do different kinds of exercise.B.It is quite necessary for the sake of health.C.It is totally confused to choose the right one.D.It is hard to follow the experts suggestion.A.Because his arms are too fat.B.Because his muscles are not firm enough.C.Because it is an ideal way to

32、keep physically fit.D.Because the advice is put forward by the experts.A.To practice more arm exercises.B.To make up for the shortage of leg exercises.C.To involve more parts of the body into the exercises.D.To lose weight before taking arm exercises or leg exercises.A.Walking far on foot.B.Cycling

33、with special bicycles.C.Taking Yoga courses.D.Long-distance running.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.He can not find the plane ticket.B.His passport is not available then.C.His time schedule is not suitable.D.He does not know how to do with the empty a

34、partment.A.Because he can never find a cheaper one.B.Because it is hard to find another one around that place.C.Because it has very convenient facilities.D.Because he will come back soon.A.He must ask for the agreement of the landlord.B.He must collect the entire luggage in the house.C.He must have

35、a discussion with his roommate.D.He must pay off the rent fee to the landlord.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Resting for haft an hour can reduce the risk of heart disease.B.A slight sleep can improve the efficie

36、ncy of the work.C.Few Greek adults rest for half an hour in the middle of the day.D.Those who did not cap can not continue with work.A.By reducing the blood pressure.B.By making the brain active.C.By reducing tension caused by work.D.By improving the awareness.A.In order to carry out more important

37、duties.B.So that the workers will make less mistakes.C.So that the workers will provide extra energy.D.In order to keep them awake during work time.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.What kind of thread to use.B.How to design a needle which woul

38、d not break.C.Where to put the needle.D.How to prevent the thread from getting caught around the needle.A.He moved the thread away from the needle.B.He used spears instead of needle.C.He tried to get the thread to run around the needle.D.He made a small hole in the center of the needle.A.They always

39、 dream.B.They are inventors.C.They get their best ideas in dreams.D.They are searching for the answer.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Their own appearance and actions.B.Their feelings about others.C.The reactions to others words.D.Their wor

40、risome thoughts.A.The reactions to certain problems.B.The way of dealing with problems.C.The thinking ability.D.The way people think about themselves.A.They are pleased by it.B.They feel it is not true.C.They are very sensitive to it.D.They feel they are worthy of it.A.To be self-aware.B.To make goo

41、d quality.C.To be perfect.D.To accept their weaknesses and strengths.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)The nineteen twenties brought a feeling of freedom and independence to millions of Americans, especially young Americans. Young soldiers returned from the world war with new ideas. They had seen a U(36

42、) /Uworld in Europe. Many of these young soldiers were not U(37) /U to quietly accept the old traditions of their families and villages when they returned home. U(38) /U , they wanted to try new ways of living. Many young Americans, both men and women, began to U(39) /U some of the traditions of the

43、ir parents and grandparents. For example, some young women began to U(40) /U with new kinds of clothes. Many young women began to smoke U(41) /U, too. Many women also began to drink alcohol with men in public for the first time. And they listened together to a U(42) /U new kind of music: jazz. An im

44、portant force behind these changes was the growing independence of American women. In nineteen twenty, the nation passed the Nineteenth Amendment to the U(43) /U, which gave women the right to vote. U(44) /U.Also, new machines freed many of them from spending long hours of work in the home washing c

45、lothes, preparing food, and doing other jobs. Education was another important force. The number of students attending high school doubled between nineteen twenty and nineteen thirty. U(45) /U Attendance at colleges and universities also increased greatly. U(46) /U（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:

46、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)Name-calling and teasing are overwhelmingly the main type of classroom bullying, says a study funded by UNESCO.However, the study does U(47) /U some good news. The research in the British part of the prog

47、ram has found that the problem of bullying in schools has U(48) /U. A decade of anti-bullying initiatives has led to the first recorded drop in the number of victims and a U(49) /U fall in the number of young bullies. This is the first U(50) /U study to show school bullying on the decrease. The research, being published in the year 2000, was carried out by psychologist Peter Smith, of Goldsmiths