大学四级-181及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-181 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.有很多人喜欢养宠物 2养宠物的利与弊 3你的建议（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)Having Kids Makes You Happy?When I was growing up, our former neighbors, whom well call the Sloans, were the only couple on the block without kids. It wasnt that

2、they couldnt have children; according to Mr.Sloan, they just chose not to. All the other parents, including mine, thought it was odd-even tragic. So any bad luck that happened to the Sloans-the egging of their house one Halloween; the landslide(山崩) that sent their pool careering to the street below-

3、was somehow attributed to that fateful decision theyd made so many years before. “Well,“ the other adults would say, “you know they never did have kids.“ Each time I visited the Sloans, Id search for signs of insanity, misery or even regret in their super clean home, yet I never seemed to find any.

4、From what I could tell, the Sloans were happy, maybe even happier than my parents, despite the fact that they were childless. My impressions may have been swayed by the fact that their candy dish was always full, but several studies now show that the Sloans could well have been more satisfied than m

5、ost of the traditional families around them. In Daniel Gilberts 2006 book Stumbling on Happiness, the Harvard professor of psychology looks at several studies and concludes that marital satisfaction decreases dramatically after the birth of the first child-and increases only when the last child has

6、left home. He also finds out that parents are happier grocery shopping and even sleeping than spending time with their kids. Other data cited by 2008s Gross National Happiness author, Arthur C. Brooks, finds that parents are about 7 percentage points less likely to report being happy than the childl

7、ess. The most recent comprehensive study on the emotional state of those with kids shows us that the term “bundle of joy“ may not be the most accurate way to describe our offspring. “Parents experience lower levels of emotional well-being, less frequent positive emotions and more frequent negative e

8、motions than their childless peers,“ says Florida State Universitys Robin Simon. “In fact, no group of parents-married, single, step or even empty-nest-reported significantly greater emotional well-being than people who never had children. Its such an unexpected finding because we have these cultura

9、l beliefs that children are the key to happiness and a healthy life,and theyre not.“ Simon received plenty of hate mail in response to her research, which isnt surprising. Her findings shake the very foundation of what weve been raised to believe is true. In a recent Newsweek Poll, 50 percent of Ame

10、ricans said that adding new children to the family tends to increase happiness levels. Only one in six (16 percent) said that adding new children had a negative effect on the parents happiness. But which parent is willing to admit that the greatest gift life has to offer has in fact made his or her

11、life less enjoyable? Parents may openly complain their lack of sleep, busy schedules and difficulty in dealing with their bad-tempered teens, but rarely will they cop to feeling depressed due to the everyday rigors of child rearing. “If you admit that kids and parenthood arent making you happy, its

12、basically blasphemy(亵读),“ says Jen Singer, a stay-at-home mother of two from New Jersey who runs the popular parenting blog MommaS. “From baby-cream commercials that make motherhood look happy and well rested, to commercials for Disney World where youre supposed to feel like a kid because youre ther

13、e with your kids, weve made parenthood out to be one extremely happy moment after another, and its disappointing when you find out its not.“ Is it possible that American parents have always been this disillusioned? Anecdotal(轶事的) evidence says no. In pre-industrial America, parents certainly loved t

14、heir children, but their offspring also served a purpose-to work the farm, contribute to the household. Children were a necessity. Today, we have kids more for emotional reasons, but an increasingly complicated work and social environment has made finding satisfaction far more difficult. A key study

15、 by University of Wisconsin-Madisons Sara McLanahan and Julia Adams, conducted some 20 years ago, found that parenthood was perceived as significantly more stressful in the 1970s than in the 1950s; the researchers attribute part of that change to major shifts in employment patterns. The majority of

16、American parents now work outside the home, have less support from extended family and face a worsening education and health-care system, so raising children has not only become more complicated-it has become more expensive. Today the U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates that it costs anywhere f

17、rom $134,370 to $237,520 to raise a child from birth to the age of 17-and thats not counting school or college tuition. No wonder parents are feeling a little blue. Societal ills aside, perhaps we also expect too much from the promise of parenting. The National Marriage Projects 2006 “State of Our U

18、nions“ report says that parents have significantly lower marital satisfaction than non-parents because they experienced more single and child-free years than previous generations. Twenty-five years ago, women married around the age of 20, and men at 23. Today both sexes are marrying four to five yea

19、rs later. This means the experience of raising kids is now competing with highs in a parents past, like career wins or a earefree social life. Sending bad-tempered kids to school or dashing to work with spit-up on your favorite sweater doesnt turn out to be romantic. For the childless, all this rese

20、arch must certainly feel redeeming(弥补的). As for those of us with kids, well, the news isnt all bad. Parents still report feeling a greater sense of purpose and meaning in their lives than those whove never had kids. And there are other rewarding aspects of parenting that are impossible to quantify.

21、For example, I never thought it possible to love someone as deeply as I love my son. As for the Sloans, its hard to say whether they had a less meaningful existence than my parents, or if my parents were 7 percent less happy than the Sloans. Perhaps it just comes down to how you see the candy dish-h

22、alf empty or half full. Or at least as a parent, thats what Ill keep telling myself. （分数：70.00）(1).Why were the Sloans childless?（分数：7.00）A.They couldnt afford to bring up a child.B.They decided not to have a child.C.They were infertile.D.Lots of bad luck happened to them.(2).What did the author exp

23、ect to find in the Sloans home?（分数：7.00）A.Signs showing they were miserable.B.Satisfaction of being childless.C.Candy dish that was always full.D.A super clean home.(3).According to Daniel Gilbert, after the last child has left home,_.（分数：7.00）A.parents tend to be happierB.parents satisfaction is li

24、kely to decreaseC.parents are as happy as they had their first childD.parents are more eager to spend time with their kids(4).What are our cultural beliefs?（分数：7.00）A.Single parent is generally less happy.B.Couples are unhappy with kids.C.Its a tradition for couples to have kids.D.Having kids makes

25、parents happy.(5).According to the Newsweek Poll,_.（分数：7.00）A.Robin Simons finding was too surprising to believeB.no parents admitted having a child made their life less enjoyableC.half Americans agreed adding a child has a positive effect on happiness levelsD.16% of Americans said having a child wa

26、s harmful to parents relationship(6).The baby-cream commercials is taken as an example to show_.（分数：7.00）A.mothers need to restB.enjoyable parenthoodC.happy moments with kidsD.mothers disappointment(7).Parenthood became more stressful in the 1970s partly due to_.（分数：7.00）A.high expense in educationB

27、.more working mothersC.changes in employment patternsD.worsening social welfare(8).Besides societal ills that lower parents satisfaction, the promise of parenting is also_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Now highs in a parents past is being fought by_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Despite the low happiness level, compar

28、ed with the childless, parents feel a greater sense of_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：7，分数：252.00)BSection A/B（分数：56.00）A.Ask Susan to help her.B.Type the data quickly.C.Hand in the data.D.Extend the due date.A.In a garden.B.In the woods.C.At a post office.D.At a flower shop.A.Newly-launched

29、products.B.Drug users.C.Survey results.D.Public figures.A.He should understand the general idea first.B.He should slow down reading.C.He should not try to read too slowly.D.He should mark time carefully.A.The woman was blamed for being careless.B.The man thought it could be avoided by anyone.C.The m

30、an thought the woman did it on purpose.D.The woman stamped on the mans toes by chance.A.Extremely good.B.Not so much fun.C.Very foolish.D.Quite tedious.A.He prefers the football stadium.B.He agrees with the woman.C.The dining hall isnt large enough.D.The light isnt bright enough.A.She doesnt like Ja

31、son.B.She would prefer not to go.C.Jason is always a nice man.D.She would like to go.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1).Why does the woman like skiing so much?（分数：7.00）A.She likes to do some extreme sports.B.She get much pleasure from skiing.C.She was

32、 influenced by her parents.D.She can show off her skiing skills.(2).What does the woman suggest the mail do?（分数：7.00）A.Spend the whole vacation with her.B.Head back home for Christmas.C.Stay in California and learn to ski.D.Try to become a professional skier.(3).How will the woman spend her Christma

33、s?（分数：7.00）A.Ski in California.B.Teach the man to ski.C.Visit her friends in Europe.D.Stay with the mans family.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).Why doesnt Ashley give the man a call herself?（分数：7.00）A.She is too busy to spare time.B.She has lost her

34、 voice.C.She doesnt have the mans number.D.She doesnt want to talk to the man.(2).What will the man do for Ashley?（分数：7.00）A.Cancel the class.B.Teach the class.C.Hand out exam papers.D.Collect students homework.(3).How will the man enter Ashleys office?（分数：7.00）A.He will use a master key to open the

35、 door.B.He will get Ashleys key from the woman.C.He will ask the departments secretary for help.D.He will force the lock with a hammer.(4).What do we know about Ashley according to the conversation?（分数：7.00）A.She teaches in math department.B.She will not recover until Friday.C.She often misses class

36、es for being sick.D.She has a class to teach on Friday.BSection B/BPassage One（分数：28.00）(1).What does the speaker say about cola in the past?（分数：7.00）A.It started out as a soft drink.B.It was first a cure for headaches.C.It tasted bitter and no one liked it.D.It was sold to patients only.(2).What sh

37、ould customers do before drinking the sugar liquid?（分数：7.00）A.Heat it.B.Add oil to it.C.Shake it gently.D.Mix it with water.(3).How did the customer feel after he drunk the mix?（分数：7.00）A.It tasted bitter.B.It tasted good.C.It was strange.D.It was sweet.(4).What do we learn about todays cola?（分数：7.0

38、0）A.It tastes the same as the past.B.It is not refreshing now.C.It cant cure headaches.D.It is much cheaper than before.Passage Two （分数：21.00）(1).How does the speaker feel about Tokyo?（分数：7.00）A.Convenient.B.Clean.C.Crowded.D.Lovely.(2).Why is it difficult to walk in the streets near Ginza?（分数：7.00）

39、A.There are too many people.B.People are impolite.C.The streets are not wide enough.D.Every one is in a rush.(3).What do we learn about Japanese trains?（分数：7.00）A.People tend to be asleep on the trains.B.People usually read newspapers there.C.They always leave and arrive on time.D.There are always n

40、ot enough trains.Passage Three（分数：21.00）(1).What did the speaker usually do during parties?（分数：7.00）A.Enjoyed the wine and delicious foods.B.Listened to the stories of friends.C.Sat alone and waited someone to come up.D.Talked to the interesting looking people.(2).Why does the speaker suggest encour

41、aging others to talk about themselves?（分数：7.00）A.Its a good way to know each other.B.People care nobody except themselves.C.People are not interested in public affairs.D.People care more about themselves.(3).What does the speaker want to convey by citing the remarks of Diogenes?（分数：7.00）A.We need to

42、 learn the skills of talking.B.Listening is easier than talking.C.Being a listener is more important than a talker.D.We need interesting topics in a partBSection C/BIn many countries, authority is seldom questioned, either because it is highly respected, or because it is feared. Sometimes, too, beca

43、use U(36) /U has been important in certain societies for a long time, people have been trained never to question those in authority. In other countries,U (37) /U America, children are trained to question and search for answers. By the time students U(38) /U the age of 14 or 15, they may be developin

44、g U(39) /U new ideas in all fields of science and the arts. To encourage such creativity, there are many national U(40) /U offered to students every year for their scientific discoveries and U(41) /U accomplishments. This interest in questioning and searching may be U(42) /U by some people as bad fo

45、r young peoples manners, that young people lack respect for authority. This U(43) /U may be created when visitors notice young Americans asking questions and arguing with older people.U (44) /U In a work or business situation, ideas are freely and openly discussed and argued.U (45) /U .The two are q

46、uite separate. The purpose of the searching, questioning, and arguing is to find the facts in a particular situation, and therefore a solution,U (46) /U. （分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、BPart Reading (总题数：3，分数：170.00)BSection A/BC

47、ould the reason for the worlds economic misfortunes all come down to finger length? Although certainly an oversimplification of our U(47) /U troubles, scientists have shown that financial traders who lose the biggest dollars are more U(48) /U to have shorterring fingers than index fingers. Former Wall Street trader and scientist John Coates of the University of Cambridge wondered whether finger ratio really correlated with trader success. His team U(49) /U that traders with the lowest index-to-ring-finger ratios made the most money over a 20-month period, even when the researchers contro