大学六级-731及答案解析.doc
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1、大学六级-731 及答案解析(总分:712.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数:1,分数:106.00)1.1. 近来不断有虚假新闻出现在网络上2. 大学生应该对网络新闻持何种态度3. 如何提高鉴别网络新闻真伪的能力How to Deal with the Internet News?(分数:106.00)_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数:1,分数:70.00)Whos Afraid of Google?Rarely if ever has a company risen so fast in so many ways as Google, th
2、e worlds most popular search engine. This is true by just about any measure: the growth in its market value and revenues; the number of people clicking in search of news, the nearest pizza parlor or a satellite image of their neighbors garden; the volume of its advertisers; or the number of its lawy
3、ers and lobbyists.Such an ascent is enough to evoke concerns - both paranoid(偏执的) and justified. The list of constituencies that hate or fear Google grows by the week. Television networks, book publishers and newspaper owners feel that Google has grown by using their content without paying for it. T
4、elecoms firms such as Americas AT and it is about to bid against them in a forthcoming auction for radio spectrum. Many small firms hate Google because they relied on exploiting its search formulas to win prime positions in its rankings, but dropped to the Internets equivalent of Hades after Google
5、modified these algorithms(运算法则).And now come the politicians. Libertarians dislike Googles deal with Chinas censors. Conservatives moan about its uncensored videos. But the big new fear is to do with the privacy of its users. Googles business model assumes that people will entrust it with ever more
6、information about their lives, to be stored in the companys “cloud“ of remote computers. Some users now keep their photos, blogs, videos, calendars, e-mail, news feeds, maps, contacts, social networks, documents, spreadsheets (电子数据表), presentations, and credit-card information - in short, much of th
7、eir lives - on Googles computers.But the privacy problem is much subtler than that. As Google compiles more information about individuals, it faces numerous trade-offs. At one extreme it could use a persons search history and advertising responses in combination with, say, his location and the itine
8、rary in his calendar, to serve increasingly useful and welcome search results and ads. This would also allow Google to make money from its many new services. But it could scare users away. As a warning, Privacy International, a human-rights organization in London, has berated Google, charging that i
9、ts attitude to privacy “at its most blatant is hostile, and at its most benign is ambivalent“.And Google could soon, if it wanted, compile files on specific individuals. This presents “perhaps the most difficult privacy issues in all of human history,“ says Edward Felten, a privacy expert at Princet
10、on University. Speaking for many, John Battelle, the author of a book on Google and an early admirer, recently wrote on his blog that “Ive found myself more and more wary“ of Google “out of some primal, lizard-brain fear of giving too much control of my data to one source.“More JP Morgan than Bill G
11、atesGoogle is often compared to Microsoft; but its evolution is actually closer to that of the banking industry. Just as financial institutions grew to become repositories of peoples money, and thus guardians of private information about their finances, Google is now turning into a supervisor of a f
12、ar wider and more intimate range of information about individuals. Yes, this applies also to rivals such as Yahoo! and Microsoft. But Google, through the sheer speed with which it accumulates the treasure of information, will be the one to test the limits of what society can tolerate.It does not hel
13、p that Google is often seen as arrogant. Granted, this complaint often comes from sourgrapes rivals. But many others are put off by Googles assertion of its own holiness, as if it merited unquestioning trust. This after all is the firm that chose “Dont be evil“ as its corporate motto and that explic
14、itly intones that its goal is “not to make money“, as its boss, Eric Schmidt, puts it, but “to change the world“. Its ownership structure is set up to protect that vision.Ironically, there is something rather cloudlike about the multiple complaints surrounding Google. The issues are best parted into
15、 two cumuli: a set of “public“ arguments about how to regulate Google; and a set of “private“ ones for Googles managers, to do with the strategy the firm needs to get through the coming storm. On both counts, Google - contrary to its own propaganda - is much better judged as being just like any othe
16、r “evil“ money-grabbing company.Grab the moneyThat is because, from the public point of view, the main contribution of all companies to society comes from making profits, not giving things away. Google is a good example of this. Its “goodness“ stems less from all that guff about corporate altruism t
17、han from Adam Smiths invisible hand. It provides a service that others find very useful - namely helping people to find information (at no charge) and letting advertisers promote their wares to those people in a finely targeted way.Given this, the onus of proof is with Googles would-be prosecutors t
18、o prove it is doing something wrong. On antitrust, the price that Google charges its advertisers is set by auction, so its monopolistic clout is limited; and it has yet to use its“ dominance in one market to muscle into others in the way Microsoft did. The same presumption of innocence goes for copy
19、right and privacy. Googles book-search product, for instance, arguably helps rather than hurts publishers and authors by rescuing books from obscurity and encouraging readers to buy copyrighted works. And, despite Big Brotherish talk about knowing what choices people will be making tomorrow, Google
20、has not betrayed the trust of its users over their privacy. If anything, it has been better than its rivals in standing up to prying governments in both America and China.That said, conflicts of interest will become inevitable - especially with privacy. Google in effect controls a dial that, as it s
21、ells ever more services to you, could move in two directions. Set to one side, Google could voluntarily destroy very quickly any user data that it collects. That would assure privacy, but it would limit Googles profits from selling to advertisers information about what you are doing, and make those
22、services less useful, ff the dial is set to the other side and Google hangs on to the information, the services will be more useful, but some dreadful intrusions into privacy could occur.The answer, as with banks in the past, must lie somewhere in the middle in that the right point for the dial is l
23、ikely to change, as circumstances change. That will be the main public interest in Google. But, as the bankers (and Bill Gates) can attest, public scrutiny also creates a private challenge for Googles managers: how should they present their case?One obvious strategy is to allay concerns over Googles
24、 trustworthiness by becoming more transparent and opening up more of its processes and plans to scrutiny. But it also needs a deeper change of heart. Pretending that just because your founders are nice young men and you give away lots of services, society has no right to question your motives no lon
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- 大学 731 答案 解析 DOC
