【考研类试卷】英语-阅读理解(十三)及答案解析.doc

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1、英语-阅读理解(十三)及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)FIVE-DAY WEATHERTODAY TOMORROW SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAYHigh 29Low 21Variably cloudySunrise:6:35 a. m.Sunset:8:04 p. m.High 28Low 20Mainly cloudywith isolatedshowersending in theafternoonSunrise:6:36 a. rn.Sunset:8:02 p. m.High 27Low 19Sunny withcloudy periodsdevelop

2、ing inthe afternoonSunrise:6:38a. m.Sunset:8:00 p.m.High 26Low 17Thundershowers(POP 8O%)Sunrise:6:40 a. m.Sunset :7:57p. m.High 24Low 16Windy withthundershowersand possiblystorm in thenorthSunrise:6:42 a. m.Sunset:7:55p. m.（分数：10.00）(1).Which day is best for a picnic based on the information m the t

3、able?A. Friday. B. Saturday. C. Sunday. D. Monday.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What does “POP“ probably mean?A. Places of presence. B. Patterns of presence.C. Period of presence. D. Probability of presence.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Disastrous weather may occur on _.A. Friday B. Saturday C. Monday D. Tuesday（分数：2

4、.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What trend can be found from the information given in the table?A. The days are becoming longer.B. The nights are getting longer.C. The days are growing warmer.D. The weather is turning better.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What day has the greatest temperature difference between day and night

5、?A. Monday. B. Tuesday. C. Saturday. D. Sunday.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Every country tends to accept its own way of life as being the normal one and to praise or criticize others as they are similar to or different from it. And unfortunately, our picture of the people and the way of life of other countries

6、 is often a distorted (曲解的) one.Here is a great argument in favor of foreign travel and learning foreign languages. It is only by traveling in, or living in a country and getting to know its inhabitants and their language that one can find out what a country and its people are really like. And how d

7、ifferent the knowledge one gains this way frequently turns out to be from the second-hand information gathered from other sources! How often we find that the foreigners whom we thought to be such different people from ourselves are not very different after all!Differences between peoples do, of cour

8、se, exist and, one hopes, will always continue to do so. The world will be a dull place indeed when all the different nationalities behave exactly alike, and some people might say that we are rapidly approaching this state of affairs. With the much greater rapidity and ease of travel, there might se

9、em to be some truth in this at least as far as Europe is concerned. However this may be. At least the greater ease of travel today has revealed to more people than ever before that the Englishman or Frenchman or German is not some different kind of animal from themselves.（分数：10.00）(1).Every country

10、criticizes ways of life in other countries because they are _.A. distorted B. normalC. similar to each other D. different from its own（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).One who travels in a foreign country and learns its language will _.A. find out what its people are likeB. argue in favor of this country and the

11、 languageC. know the country and its people betterD. like its inhabitants and their language（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The knowledge one gains by traveling in a foreign country is often _.A. from second-hand informationB. gathered from other sources than from its inhabitantsC. gained from the arguments ab

12、out the countryD. different from what one had before the travel（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Differences between peoples _.A. will gradually disappear because of ease of travelB. do exist even though different nationalities behave exactly alikeC. will always continue to exist and the world will be a dull pla

13、ceD. will not exist as one hopes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).“However“ (Line 5, Para. 3) most probably meant _.A. Somewhat B. By whatever meansC. Anyhow D. No matter what（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.What is exactly a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, sup

14、pose a friend wants to borrow some money from you, you say, “I wish I could help you but Im short of money myself. “ In fact, you are not short of money, but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you dont want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?A sc

15、ientific study of lying shows women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a white lie, such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks terrible. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researches show that men are

16、 more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.Research has also been done int

17、o the way peoples behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the same time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now. /（

18、分数：10.00）(1).This passage tells us that _.A. telling lies is often necessary in order to avoid being defeatedB. telling lies is often bad because people ought not to be dishonestC. telling lies is sometimes necessary in order not to hurt someone elses feelingsD. telling lies is not bad at all in mos

19、t cases（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In Paragraph 2, “women are better liars than men “ probably means _.A. women are better at telling lies than menB. women liars are better accepted than menC. women have a better intention when telling liesD. women tell fewer lies than men do（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).“A white l

20、ie“ means _.A. a lie that is completely unbelievableB. a lie that is told with a good willC. a lie that is always believableD. a lie that often has an evil purpose（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Politicians and businessmen are supposed to be skilled at telling the kind of lies _.A. from which they may gain som

21、e advantagesB. that seems to be believableC. that women are most likely to believeD. with which they can have better relationship with others（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be concluded from the passage that _.A. there is a simple way of finding out if someone is lyingB. from some ways people behave we

22、can know they are lyingC. certain emotions are proof of lyingD. in some situations women are most likely to think businessmen are dishonest（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Firefighters are often asked to speak to school and community groups about the importance of fire safety, particularly fire prevention and detec

23、tion. Because smoke detectors reduce the risk of dying in a fire by half, firefighters often provide audiences with information on how to install these protective devices in their homes.Specifically, they tell them these things: A smoke detector should be placed on each floor of a home. While sleepi

24、ng, people are in particular danger of an emergent fire, and there must be a detector outside each sleeping area. A good site for a detector would be a hallway that runs between living spaces and bedrooms.Because of the dead-air space that might be missed by hot air bouncing around above a fire, smo

25、ke detectors should be installed either on the ceiling at least four inches from the nearest wall, or high on a wall at least four, but no further than twelve inches from the ceiling.Detectors should not be mounted near windows, entrances, or other places where drafts (过堂风) might direct the smoke aw

26、ay from the unit. Nor should they be placed in kitchens and garages, where cooking and gas fumes are likely to cause false alarms.（分数：10.00）(1).One responsibility of a firefighter is to _.A. install smoke detectors in residents homesB. check if smoke detectors are properly installedC. develop fire s

27、afety programs for schoolsD. speak to residents about how to prevent fires（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Compared with homes without smoke detectors, homes with them give their owners a 50% better chance of _.A. surviving a fire B. preventing a fireC. detecting a hidden fire D. not getting injured in a fire（分

28、数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A smoke detector must always be placed _.A. on any level of a homeB. outside all bedrooms in a homeC. in all hallways of a homeD. in kitchens where fires are most likely to start（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The passage implies that dead-air space is most likely to be found _.A. on a ceili

29、ng four inches away from a wallB. near an open windowC. close to where a wall meets a ceilingD. in kitchens and garages（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the focus of this passage?A. How firefighters carry out their responsibilities.B. The proper installation of home smoke detectors.C. The detection of de

30、ad-air space on walls and ceilings.D. How smoke detectors prevent fires in homes.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts

31、 and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words.The

32、power of words, then, lies in their combinations-the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the number of words that

33、 mean something to us increases.Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts, but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and feelings. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary (3) style. Above all, the real poet is a master of wor

34、ds. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and rude.（分数：10.00）(1).The origin of language _.A. is r

35、eflected in sounds and lettersB. is handed down from generation to generationC. dates back to the prehistoric periodD. is a problem not yet solved（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, words are _.A. visual lettersB. represented by soundsC. represented either by sounds or lettersD. signs cal

36、led letters（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The power of words lies in their _.A. beauty B. accuracy C. combinations D. charm（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The secret of a writers success is the use of words that _.A. recall to us the glad and sad events of our pastB. are arranged in a creative wayC. are as beautiful as

37、musicD. agree with certain literary style（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author of the passage advises us _.A. to use words carefully and accuratelyB. not to use silly and rude wordsC. to become a slave of wordsD. to use emotional words（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Pepys and his wife Jane had asked some friends to dinn

38、er on Sunday, September 2nd, 1666. They were up very late on the Saturday evening, getting everything ready for the next day, and while they were busy they saw the glow of a fire start in the sky. By 3 oclock on the Sunday morning, its glow had become so bright that Jane woke her husband to watch it

39、. Pepys slipped on his dressing gown and went to the window to watch it. It seemed fairly far away, so after a time he went back to bed.When he got up in the morning, it looked, as though the fire was dying down, though he could still see some flames. So he set to work to tidy his room and put his t

40、hings back where he wanted them. While he was doing this, Jane came in to say that she had heard the fire was a bad one; three hundred houses had been burned down in the night and the fire was still burning. Pepys went out to see for himself. He went to the Tower of London and climbed up on a high p

41、art of the buildings so that he could see what was happening. From there, Pepys could see that it was, indeed, a bad fire and that even the houses on London Bridge were burning. The man of the Tower told him that the fire had started in a bakers shop in Pudding Lane; the bakers house had caught fire

42、 from the overheated oven and then the flames had quickly spread to the other houses in the narrow lane. So began the Great Fire of London, a fire that lasted nearly five days, destroyed most of the old city and ended, so it is said, at Pie Corner.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the passage about?A. The Great

43、 Fire of London.B. Who was the first to discover the fire.C. What Pepys was doing during the fire.D. The losses caused by the fire.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).They were up very late because _.A. it was Sunday morning B. they were not very sleepyC. they were preparing for the dinner D. they saw the great fi

44、re start（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What was Pepys doing when his wife told him about the fire?A. He was asleep. B. He was writing something.C. He was putting things back. D. He was looking out of the window.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).“Pepys slipped on his dressing gown. “ To slip on means _.A. to be wearing B.

45、to be pushingC. to take off D. to put on（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Why did the flames spread quickly?A. The oven became very hot. B. The houses were close together.C. The baker did nothing to stop it. D. The bakers house was burning quickly.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.People all over the world today are beginning to

46、 hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution. Pollution is caused either by mans release of completely new and often artificial (人造) substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance (物质), such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.Whate

47、ver its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes wrapped up there or four times in packages that all

48、 have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metal and paper. Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we n

49、either want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy. Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess use and careless disposal (处理) of the products we use in our daily lives.（分数：10.00）(1).The main cause of pollution is _.A. the release of artificial or natural substances into the environmentB. the production of new industrial goodsC. increased amounts of a natural substanceD. our ever-inc