【考研类试卷】考研英语阅读理解-(四)及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语阅读理解-(四)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：100.00)It seems to happen with depressing frequency-surely skies turn to rain just as the weekend arrives. Now Spanish researchers say they have evidence that in some parts of Europe the weather really does follow a weekly cycle, altho

2、ugh not in the straightforward way that the anecdote might suggest.Evidence has been mounting over the years that the weather in certain parts of the world, including the US, Japan and China, can be driven by the weekly cycle of human activity. This is because we tend to produce more air pollution d

3、uring the week and less at the weekend. Evidence that such an effect occurs in Europe is controversial and has been harder to come by. Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo of the University of Barcelona, Spain, and his colleagues examined data gathered between 1961 and 2004 from weather stations across Spain to s

4、ee whether such a pattern existed. They claim to have found it in Spain, as well as hints of weekly changes in air circulation more broadly over Western Europe.The result is puzzling, but it is known that airborne pollutants produced by human activity can affect the weather in a variety of ways. For

5、 example, particles can be heated by absorbing sunlight, which in turn heats the air and changes air circulation patterns. Pollutant particles can also provide seeds for cloud formation. Exactly which effect has the greatest influence seems to depend on conditions that vary season by season. They al

6、so found signs that air pressure in Western Europe tends to be lower midweek than at the weekend in data from a global database. This suggests that the human influence on weather goes beyond known local effects, says team member Josep Calb of the University of Girona in Spain.However, it is not clea

7、r whether the teams findings are statistically significant, says Thomas Bell of NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, who was part of a team that found a stronger weekly cycle in the US. “This whole enterprise of looking for weekly cycles is rife with possibilities for misleading

8、 oneself.“Why a weekly cycle would be less noticeable in Europe than in the US and Asia is still unknown. No weekly cycle has ever been found in the UK, probably because the weather is dominated by large systems blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean. These larger systems may be harder for weekly pollut

9、ion cycles to influence, points out Douglas Maraun of the University of East Anglia in Norwich, who studies UK precipitation. “I doubt that there is a weekly influence of human activity on such a large weather system,“ he says.（分数：25.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, Spanish researchers suggest that

10、A. the weather system of Europe follows a strict weekly cycle. B. there is a great possibility of rain in Spain on weekends. C. rain cycles have resulted from the excessive human activities. D. weather interacts with human activities in a straightforward way.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The reason why weath

11、er changes are possibly due to human factors is that A. the weather usually follows a weekly cycle. B. when people stay at home, they are careful with pollutants production. C. air circulation acts in different manners because of deliberate human interference. D. different activities on weekdays and

12、 weekends have imposed effect on the air.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Airborne pollutants can affect A. sunlight absorption. B. air circulation. C. cloud movement. D. human activities.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Whats Thomas Bells attitude toward the study of weekly change in weather? A. He supports the findings t

13、hrough his own research statistics. B. He agrees that the findings are possibly true. C. He points out that the findings lack in abundant data. D. He is certain that the purpose of study is misleading.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The climate in UK is probably A. under the influence of large weather systems.

14、 B. the same to that of the other regions of Europe. C. drawing the attention of global research world. D. less changeable due to weak human activities.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.Manufacturers of everything from running shoes to deodorants, a substance to remove unpleasant odors, design products specifically

15、for women. One of the latest entries: the first artificial joint created for-and heavily advertised to-females. Doctors say its too soon to tell whether the Gender Knee represents a giant leap for womankind or if it gives its maker, Zimmer Holdings Inc., a leg up in the market.In the case of the kne

16、es, according to Zimmer, heres how men and women are different: First, the kneecap, is thinner in women. Also, womens wider hips create a different angle between the knee and pelvis-the wide, curved group of bones at the level of hips, which can mean the kneecap gets pulled to the side when the musc

17、les contract. And the end of the thighbone is typically narrower in men. Most artificial knees were modeled on the male anatomy-which may explain why knee replacements in women arent as successful when measured by reported pain and do-over rates.But will the new (and more expensive) replacement actu

18、ally serve women better? “In theory, yes, but the evidence isnt there,“ says Kimberly Templeton, an associate professor of orthopedic surgery (prevention or correction of disorders of the bones and associated muscles and joints) at the University of Kansas Medical Center and a spokesperson for the A

19、merican Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. Sheryl Conley, Zimmers chief marketing officer, says seven studies now underway will look at patient satisfaction and range of motion. Preliminary data will be available in a year or so. Anatomical differences aside, Templeton says, replacement knees may not p

20、erform well in women in part because females tend to delay surgery-sometimes until theyre bound to the house by disability.In addition, its not clear that the manufacturers specialized design will translate to less pain, says Steven Haas, an orthopedic surgeon and chief of the knee service at the Ho

21、spital for Special Surgery in New York. For example, making the front of the replacement knee thinner by one twenty-fifth of an inch wont necessarily make a noticeable difference to recipients. Having a correctly fitted device is clearly important, says Haas, who notes that other companies have modi

22、fied their smaller knees to account for gender differences in anatomy. (Haas has consulted with Smith their partnership was like that of Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire. But it was Sir Edmund who first struggled his way up a crack in the 12-metre (40-foot) rockface that had to be overcome after the s

23、outh summit if the real one was to be achieved, and below which only oblivion awaited.News of the British-led expeditions triumph on May 29th 1953 reached the world through a report in the London Times four days later. The Times, a sponsor of the expedition, had used an elaborate code to trick any r

24、ivals monitoring the radio waves. Its scoop was indeed a coup: June 2nd was the day of Queen Elizabeths coronation, at which her majesty was crowned.Sir Edmund was a man of action. After Everest came more expeditious in Nepal, a race to the South Pole and further adventures in the Antarctic, the Him

25、alayas and India. But for some onlookers neither these nor even the Everest expedition was especially remarkable: fitness and physical courage are all very well, they argued, but the worlds highest peak was simply waiting to be scaled, and a steady traffic nowadays makes its way to the top unnoticed

26、, except for the litter it leaves.Both the indifferent and the awe-struck, however, agree that Sir Edmunds other life was wholly admirable, and he himself said he was prouder of it than of anything else. This was his tireless work for the Sherpas, of whom he had become so fond. Through his efforts,

27、and those of Tenzing, hospitals, clinics, bridges, runways and nearly 30 schools have been built in the Solo Khumbu region of Nepal just south of Everest. If New Zealand claimed Sir Edmunds loyalist, Nepal, and especially its Sherpas, could surely claim his heart.（分数：25.00）(1).Which of the following

28、 is true of Sir Edmund Hillary? A. He never left the awkward New Zealand beekeeper. B. He is the first person to reach the top of Everest. C. Neither mountaineering nor beekeeping was his accomplishment. D. He failed to command universal esteem till the end.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The Times was the fir

29、st to report the news of expeditions triumph in that A. it was one of the major sponsors of this expedition. B. its headquarters was located in London. C. it used the code its rivals could not comprehend. D. it was much smarter than its competitors.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The sentence “a steady traffic

30、 nowadays makes its way to the top unnoticed“ (Lines 4-5, Paragraph4) shows that A. conquering Everest is not special since more people set foot on it. B. people could reach the top of Everest with the help of vehicles. C. people would not respect those conquering Everest by vehicles. D. the worlds

31、highest peak would be conquered anyway.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, Sir Edmunds other life refers to A. the modest life of working as the beekeeper in New Zealand. B. the exciting life of adventures. C. the meaningful life of working hard for the Sherpas. D. the busy life of being

32、an international celebrity.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(5).An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be A. Expeditions Triumph in Everest. B. Plain Man Mighty Deeds. C. A Man of Action. D. Sir Edmunds Expeditions.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.考研英语阅读理解-(四)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：100.00)

33、It seems to happen with depressing frequency-surely skies turn to rain just as the weekend arrives. Now Spanish researchers say they have evidence that in some parts of Europe the weather really does follow a weekly cycle, although not in the straightforward way that the anecdote might suggest.Evide

34、nce has been mounting over the years that the weather in certain parts of the world, including the US, Japan and China, can be driven by the weekly cycle of human activity. This is because we tend to produce more air pollution during the week and less at the weekend. Evidence that such an effect occ

35、urs in Europe is controversial and has been harder to come by. Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo of the University of Barcelona, Spain, and his colleagues examined data gathered between 1961 and 2004 from weather stations across Spain to see whether such a pattern existed. They claim to have found it in Spain,

36、 as well as hints of weekly changes in air circulation more broadly over Western Europe.The result is puzzling, but it is known that airborne pollutants produced by human activity can affect the weather in a variety of ways. For example, particles can be heated by absorbing sunlight, which in turn h

37、eats the air and changes air circulation patterns. Pollutant particles can also provide seeds for cloud formation. Exactly which effect has the greatest influence seems to depend on conditions that vary season by season. They also found signs that air pressure in Western Europe tends to be lower mid

38、week than at the weekend in data from a global database. This suggests that the human influence on weather goes beyond known local effects, says team member Josep Calb of the University of Girona in Spain.However, it is not clear whether the teams findings are statistically significant, says Thomas

39、Bell of NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, who was part of a team that found a stronger weekly cycle in the US. “This whole enterprise of looking for weekly cycles is rife with possibilities for misleading oneself.“Why a weekly cycle would be less noticeable in Europe than in

40、the US and Asia is still unknown. No weekly cycle has ever been found in the UK, probably because the weather is dominated by large systems blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean. These larger systems may be harder for weekly pollution cycles to influence, points out Douglas Maraun of the University of

41、East Anglia in Norwich, who studies UK precipitation. “I doubt that there is a weekly influence of human activity on such a large weather system,“ he says.（分数：25.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, Spanish researchers suggest that A. the weather system of Europe follows a strict weekly cycle. B. there

42、is a great possibility of rain in Spain on weekends. C. rain cycles have resulted from the excessive human activities. D. weather interacts with human activities in a straightforward way.（分数：5.00）A.B. C.D.解析：(2).The reason why weather changes are possibly due to human factors is that A. the weather

43、usually follows a weekly cycle. B. when people stay at home, they are careful with pollutants production. C. air circulation acts in different manners because of deliberate human interference. D. different activities on weekdays and weekends have imposed effect on the air.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：(3).Ai

44、rborne pollutants can affect A. sunlight absorption. B. air circulation. C. cloud movement. D. human activities.（分数：5.00）A.B. C.D.解析：(4).Whats Thomas Bells attitude toward the study of weekly change in weather? A. He supports the findings through his own research statistics. B. He agrees that the fi

45、ndings are possibly true. C. He points out that the findings lack in abundant data. D. He is certain that the purpose of study is misleading.（分数：5.00）A.B.C. D.解析：(5).The climate in UK is probably A. under the influence of large weather systems. B. the same to that of the other regions of Europe. C.

46、drawing the attention of global research world. D. less changeable due to weak human activities.（分数：5.00）A. B.C.D.解析：Manufacturers of everything from running shoes to deodorants, a substance to remove unpleasant odors, design products specifically for women. One of the latest entries: the first arti

47、ficial joint created for-and heavily advertised to-females. Doctors say its too soon to tell whether the Gender Knee represents a giant leap for womankind or if it gives its maker, Zimmer Holdings Inc., a leg up in the market.In the case of the knees, according to Zimmer, heres how men and women are

48、 different: First, the kneecap, is thinner in women. Also, womens wider hips create a different angle between the knee and pelvis-the wide, curved group of bones at the level of hips, which can mean the kneecap gets pulled to the side when the muscles contract. And the end of the thighbone is typica

49、lly narrower in men. Most artificial knees were modeled on the male anatomy-which may explain why knee replacements in women arent as successful when measured by reported pain and do-over rates.But will the new (and more expensive) replacement actually serve women better? “In theory, yes, but the evidence isnt there,“ says Kimberly Templeton, an associate professor of orthopedic surgery (prevention or correction of disorders