【考研类试卷】考研英语阅读理解B节(新题型)分类精讲社会伦理类-(二)及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语阅读理解 B 节(新题型)分类精讲社会伦理类-(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Reading Co(总题数：5，分数：100.00)A. Make sure all your strengths are shownB. A positive outlook is crucialC. Focus more on delivery rather than giving unprepared repliesD. Listen less, speak moreE. Just checking out a company website is no

2、t enoughF. Review and follow upG. Its not a solo performance: aim for a warm dialogueBecoming an exceptional candidate is something you can do; its just that most people dont take the trouble. In my experience, most interviews dont go that well. The truth is that many recruiters are actually not par

3、ticularly good at interviewing either nor particularly effective. So, if you prepare properly and are a good interviewee, the odds can be stacked in your favor.(1) .Its not just a question of researching the organization. You need to understand your interviewer and why they are hiring. One way or an

4、other they are seeking a resource as a solution to an identified problem. So work on understanding the organizational need and how you can add value. Look at the challenges and opportunities they face and work out how to show that your experience and expertise are relevant. Use your network to gathe

5、r all the intelligence you can.(2) .Rehearse your presentation. I dont necessarily mean being word perfect. Im talking about what you say when anyone asks you what you do, why you left, what you have achieved and so on. Can you talk about yourself comfortably, with confidence, concisely with clarity

6、? Practice so that you have the right words, dont get flustered, talk at the right pace and, crucially, know when to stop. Remember the need for consistency between words and body language.(3) .People trained in interview techniques are told to use the 70/30 rule. That is to say the interviewer aims

7、 to talk for about 30% of the time allotted and the candidate talks 70% of the time, in response. The smart candidate actually wants a 50/50 dialogue. You should aim for a conversation, directed along the lines you preferwhereby you can play to your strengths. The interviewer can only go with what y

8、ou give them. Make it easy for the interviewer by saying “Have I told you all you need to know on that subject? Can I give you more detail?“ Build rapport, find some common ground. But remember its not a monologue; you are both actors in the interview.(4) .Henry Ford famously said “If you think you

9、can do a thing or think you cant do a thing, youre right“. Youre motivated; youve done the prep and have the drive to succeed so visualize success. Whether you call it confidence, self-esteem or self-belief, to shine at interview you need to show that you will make a good employee. Show that you are

10、 good at interacting and reading your situation, good at selling yourself and your ideas. Practicing your interview technique will make it so much easier to shine. Theres no need to be nervous if you believe you are a good candidate for the role.(5) .After the interview send a letter. Thank them for

11、 seeing you. Reiterate how interested you are in them and the role. Review the key points of the interview when you discussed challenges and opportunities and outline how you can help them meet those.No guarantees but if you work at it youll become a better interviewee and give yourself an advantage

12、 in a tough economic climate.（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_A. You may have to impress the company HR representatives as well. HR reps are typically trained to ask very specific and personal questions, like what salary you expect and what youve made in the past. They might ask you abou

13、t your impressions of the company and the people who interviewed you. They might also ask if you have other offers. If so, chances are good that they are willing to compete for you. But if you say that you have other offers, be prepared to back it up with the WHO, WHAT and WHEN, because they might c

14、hallenge you. The HR reps are also the people who will conduct or arrange reference and background checks. They might have the final say.B. Besides management, you might also interview with one or more of your future coworkers. Regardless of the questions they ask, what they most really want to know

15、 is how well youll fit into the team, if youll cause them more work instead of less, and if they should feel threatened by you. When answering, be eager enough to show that you are a good team player and will pull your load, but not so eager as to appear to be a back-stabbing ladder climber!C. Alway

16、s research a company before you interview, and remember that attire, body language and manners count, big time. Try to avoid common mistakes. You may think that this is common sense, but crazy stuff really happens!D. Job interviewing is one of the most popular career topics on the Web. But no career

17、 advisor can tell you exactly what to say during a job interview. Interviews are just too up-close and personal for that. About the best that career advisors can do, is to give you some tips about the typical questions to expect, so you can practice answering them ahead of time. But, while there are

18、 many canned interview questions, there are few canned answers. The rest is up to you.E. Be prepared to attend a second interview at the same company, and maybe even a third or fourth. If youre called back for more interviews, it means that theyre interested in you. But, it doesnt mean youre a shoo-

19、in. Most likely, they are narrowing the competition, so keep up the good work!F. To put you somewhat at ease, many interviewers really dont know how to interview effectively. Frontline interviewers are typically managers and supervisors who have never been or are barely trained in interviewing techn

20、iques. Theyre a little nervous too, just like you. Some dont even prepare in advance. This makes it easier for you to take control of the interview, if you have prepared. But in controlling an interview, its not a good idea to try to dominate. Instead, try to steer it toward landing the job.G. After

21、 interviewing, immediately send a thank you letter to each of your interviewers. Its professional and expected, and might even be the deciding factor in your favor.H. Remember, its a two-way street. Its the employers chance to judge you, but its also very much your chance to judge the employer. In f

22、act, if you handle yourself well and ask the right questions, youll put the interviewer in the position of selling the company to you. If this happens, youre probably doing well.Order:（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_For a society to exist, it must have a system of leadership. Some peopl

23、e will have to have power over others. As Max Weber pointed out, however, people can perceive power as legitimate or illegitimate. Weber used the term authority to refer to legitimate power that is, power that people accept as right. In contrast, illegitimate power, coercion, is power that people do

24、 not accept as just.1. Custom and authorityThroughout the worlds history, the most common form of authority has been traditional. Traditional authority, which is based on custom, is the hallmark of preliterate groups. In these societies, custom dictates basic relationships.2. Traditional gender diff

25、erenceGender relations in preliterate groups are also based on traditional authority. The divisions between men and women are based on the past, with custom determining that a gulf should be maintained between them. Custom also dictates the specifics of their relationships.3. Change of traditionWhen

26、 traditional society changes, traditional authority is undermined.4. Tradition in modern societyEven in industrial and postindustrial societies, however, traditional authority never totally dies out.5. Challenges to traditionThis traditional authority, unquestioned in most places in the world, has n

27、ot gone completely challenged, however. Just as for the widow of Spain and Portugal, matters are no longer as clear-cut as they once were, and some Western societies debate the right of parents to hit their kids.Although the images that come to mind when we think of power are those of governmentking

28、s, queens, coups, dictatorships, running for office, votingtraditional authority, in the sense of power relations, is also an inevitable part of everyday life.A. In a democracy, for example, the presidents authority comes from the office, as specified in the written constitution, not from his or her

29、 reputation or personal characteristics.B. A good case in point is Sweden: it has even passed laws that forbid spanking, and Sweden authorities arrest parents who lay a hand on their children.C. For example, in small villages in southern Spain and in a large part of Portugal, widows are expected to

30、wear only black until they remarrywhich generally means that they wear black for the rest of their lives. The force of a tradition is so strong that if a widow were to violate the dress code, she would create a scandal.D. Parental authority provides an excellent example. Parents exercise authority o

31、ver their children because they have always had such authority. From generations past, we inherit the idea that parents are not only responsible for providing their children with food, shelter, and discipline, but also that they have the right to choose their childrens doctors and schools, and teach

32、 them religion and morality.E. For example, because of birth a particular individual becomes the chief, king, or queen. As far as members of that society are concerned, this is the right way to determine a ruler because “that is the way it has always been done.“F. As a society industrializes, for ex

33、ample, new perspectives on life open up, and no longer does traditional authority go unchallenged. Thus, in contemporary southern Spain and parts of Portugal, you can see old women dressed in black from head to toe, and you immediately know their marital status. Younger widows, however, are likely t

34、o be indistinguishable from other women.（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_C.P. Snow once said: “A sense of the future is behind all good policies. Unless we have it, we can give nothing either wise or decent to the world.“ Thinking carefully about an outcome is an intelligent first step i

35、n many processes, especially when the stakes are high, possibly even dangerous. Do you have any experience in getting out of hazardous situations? In the most exceptional circumstances, a few good rules of thumb may save you. Here are five things to keep in mind.1. Stay calmIf a catastrophe threaten

36、s your life, panic will only make matters worse. Nothing but calmness can help you adequately take stock of the situation and take appropriate measures.2. Remain confidentDesperation can paralyze you or sap your energy, while confidence is the key to saving yourself.3. Help each otherYou should orga

37、nize for mutual assistance in case of an earthquake, flood, fire, etc. People working together can always cope more successfully with any adverse situation. Solidarity means strength; solidarity means victory.4. Be obedient to superiorsThe best strategy when facing a catastrophe is to obey commands

38、and keep order. More often than not, leaders are experts, or someone familiar with the situation or with rich experience. Being too individualistic and going your own way will usually make the situation worse for you and others. So, the best thing to do is to listen; to authorities and remain orderl

39、y.5. CommunicateWhen in danger it is best to seek help immediately so those with more resources can come to your aid. If you are at risk, use whatever means available as soon as possible to contact others for help, and take efforts to maintain communication once it is established.While every catastr

40、ophe is different in its own way, all can be met and hopefully overcome with the above-mentioned pieces of advice. By carefully considering what needs to be done, even under the worst of situations, one can find solutions, or endure until aided by others.A. A person trapped in ruins in an earthquake

41、, didnt lose hope. The victim overcame his pain and despair, and kept banging out signals on the fallen wall around him for help. Because of his efforts, a rescue team was able to find him and save his life.B. For example, if numerous people are involved in a dangerous situation, some, out of fear o

42、r inclination, may not follow direction or heed sound advice. As a result of the disorder, rescue efforts are hindered, or worse more casualties are incurred. C. Nine fishermen from Peru were hit by a severe storm, but they didnt panic even though their boat was damaged so badly that they couldnt sa

43、il home. They maintained faith that they would surely to be saved, and their belief gave them strength. When there is hope, there is a way! They survived at sea for 40 days before they were finally rescued. Their story is a good sample for future people lost at sea. It is best to remember the prover

44、b: God helps those who help themselves.D. History shows that when people are in danger mutual assistance promotes confidence, and reassuring others not only helps them, but can calm you as well. Helping others is beneficial, especially in the direst circumstances. During the Sept. 11 attacks in Amer

45、ica, people pulled together and supported each other. This not only reduced casualties, but also left a deep impression on people around world. Remember, helping others is helping yourself!E. The Apollo 13 space mission suffered catastrophic mechanical problems en route to the Moon. Its malfunction

46、was caused by an explosion and rupture of oxygen tank No. 2 in the service module. The NASA Mission Control Center immediately issued two orders. The second order was concerning navigation. But, can you guess what the first order was? Unbelievably, the astronauts were told to take two tranquillizer

47、pills each! As a result, calmness helped the astronauts overcome a series of difficulties and return to earth. Calmness can work miracles in times of emergency.F. The best way to prevent a catastrophe from happening is planning ahead. You should often check your circuits, stoves, electrical applianc

48、es and gas pipelines. Before sleeping in a hotel, you should be aware of the nearest exit in case of an emergency. “Preparation averts peril./（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_A. Analyzing your own tasteB. Being cautious when experimentingC. Finding a model to followD. Getting the final look absolutely rightE. Learning to be realisticF. Making regular conscious choicesWhen we meet people for the first time, we often make decisions about them based entirely on how they look. And, of course its somet