【考研类试卷】中国社会科学院考博英语-1及答案解析.doc

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1、中国社会科学院考博英语-1 及答案解析(总分：69.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：15，分数：13.50)1.With the awfully limited vocabulary to only a thousand words or fewer, the reader resembles a color blind artist who is only aware of a few colors and consequently his ability to create on canvas is

2、 lamentably restricted.（分数：1.00）A.auspiciouslyB.deplorablyC.suspiciouslyD.disbelievingly2.After a few short but interminable seconds, U. S. Astronaut Neil Armstrong placed his foot firmly on the fine-grained surface of the moon. The time was 10 56 pm, July 20,1969.（分数：1.00）A.inseparableB.fastC.indel

3、ibleD.long3.Every modern government, liberal or otherwise, has a specific position in the field of ideas; its stability is vulnerable to critics in proportion to their ability and persuasiveness.（分数：1.00）A.futileB.susceptibleC.feasibleD.flexible4.They make better use of the time they have, and they

4、are less likely to succumb to fatigue in stressful jobs.（分数：1.00）A.sustainB.yieldC.endureD.expose5.A pervasive negative attitude of the engineers toward projects funded by his company is the cause of the delay of signing the contract.（分数：0.50）A.perpetualB.perniciousC.preventiveD.prevalent6.The child

5、 was so ingenuous that even when she knocked the television off its stand so that it was irreparably damaged, her parents thought her to be charming（分数：0.50）A.intelligentB.ingeniousC.adroitD.naive7.Lee Ford and Dan Brooks, a London-based creative and development team, came up with an “edgy“ Volkswag

6、en spot for a demo: a terrorist tries to detonate a car bomb outside a crowded caf.（分数：1.00）A.igniteB.stainC.impedeD.ascribe8.One difficulty is that while other disciplines investigate a specific range of phenomena, philosophy, particularly in the hodgepodge conception, investigates all of existence

7、.（分数：1.00）A.potpourriB.consensusC.feintD.nuance9.But by the time we are adult, the childhood hiding which dwindled to adolescent shyness, is expected to disappear altogether, as we bravely stride out to meet our guests, hosts, companions, relatives, colleagues, customers, clients, or friends.（分数：1.0

8、0）A.succumbedB.resortedC.adaptedD.diminished10.Cancer cells destroy not only all rival cells, in their ruthless biological warfare, but also destroy the larger organizationthe body itselfsigning their own suicide warrant.（分数：1.00）A.refinedB.randomC.mercilessD.perpetual11.California seems to be the h

9、ome of the homeless since many are often observed tramping along railroad tracks and through the downtown areas of the cities.（分数：0.50）A.roamingB.trimmingC.stealingD.stamping12.The epic is possible because America is an idea as much as it is a country. America has nothing to do with allegiance to a

10、dynasty and very little to do with allegiance to a particular place, but everything to do with allegiance to a set of principles.（分数：1.00）A.convictionB.loyaltyC.conversionD.component13.The history helps explain the vexing dispute between the European Union and the United States over the greatest thr

11、eat to privacy yet conceived: the hundreds of millions of personal dossiers in computerized and networked databases.（分数：1.00）A.troublesomeB.astonishingC.everlastingD.conflicting14.Parties are therefore free to strive for a settlement without jeopardizing their chances for or in a trial if mediation

12、is unsuccessful.（分数：1.00）A.assuringB.increasingC.endangeringD.destroying15.Schools also reinforce sex-role stereotyping and potential violence through what is termed the “ evaded curriculum“ . This term refers to those issues that greatly affect the quality of students“ lives, but are rarely discuss

13、ed within schools.（分数：1.00）A.pervertedB.eludedC.obscuredD.marred三、Section B(总题数：15，分数：12.50)16.She often remains coldly remote from him; probably his badly scarred face produced an involuntary feeling of_in his neighbor.（分数：1.00）A.discordanceB.deliberationC.perversityD.repulsion17.As most new buyers

14、 soon learn, it is not that easy for a novice to use, particularly when the manuals contain instructions like this _ from Apple: “This character prevents script from terminating the currently forming output line when it encounters the script command in the input stream. “（分数：1.00）A.excerptB.manipula

15、tionC.retrievalD.reminder18.The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation. And _ the Corporation“s statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply.（分数：1.00）A.defersB.curtailsC.trigge

16、rsD.sparks19.A stateless young man may have felt _ after having been denied asylum and right of residence by many countries.（分数：0.50）A.intriguedB.initiatedC.indicatedD.intimidated20.Looking ahead, the computer industry sees pure gold. Estimates for the number of personal computers in use by the end

17、of the century run as high as 80 million. Then there are all the _ industries: desks to hold computers, luggage to carry them, cleansers to polish them.（分数：1.00）A.concessionaryB.feasibleC.hypotheticalD.auxiliary21.Little boys seem to enjoy _ train sets more than little girls.（分数：0.50）A.captureB.depa

18、rtureC.fixtureD.miniature22.According to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 1995, the wealthiest 10 percent of the population received 30.9 percent of the income, while the poorest 10 received only 2.2 percent. Such _ in income and wealth are found in both cities and rural

19、areas.（分数：1.00）A.identicalnessB.disparitiesC.egalitarianismD.curmudgeons23.These people actively try to _ what they believe to be bad English and assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English.（分数：1.00）A.suppressB.regressC.enhanceD.revive24.She is _ to sprain her ankle because it is weak fr

20、om 3 previous pains.（分数：0.50）A.proneB.disposedC.boundD.destined25.Because of her dual nationality in the United States and Mexico, Maria was almost required to pay taxes in both countries until her accountant _ with a satisfactory solution for both countries.（分数：0.50）A.interceptedB.interactedC.inter

21、pretedD.intervened26.It is often the children who truly lead the elders into America, the sons who take their fathers to their first baseball game or shepherd them to their first rock concert or give them a real sense that they _ America“s future.（分数：1.00）A.have an impact onB.have a facility forC.ha

22、ve a grasp ofD.have a stake in27._ is practiced to some extent by the adherents of every religion. It often requires abstinence from food, drink, or sexual activity, as in fasting or celibacy and it may also require physical pain or discomfort, such as endurance of extreme heat or cold or self-punis

23、hment.（分数：1.00）A.ExtravaganceB.OpulenceC.DeteriorationD.Asceticism28.Finally this theory is widely understood and accepted the world over, i.e. it has a _; and is therefore a good basis for discussion of an ethical problem.（分数：1.00）A.particularityB.unilateralismC.commonalityD.cosmopolitan29.The secr

24、etary wants to _ all the file clerks to make preparations for the company Christmas party.（分数：0.50）A.enlightenB.enlistC.enableD.enclose30.As a professional doctor, I will prescribe _ for the good of my patients according to my ability and my judgment and never do harm to anyone.（分数：1.00）A.regimenB.e

25、quityC.requisiteD.regime四、Part Grammar(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Section A(总题数：8，分数：8.00)31.Discoveries in genetics, molecular biology and genomicsall of _ provide significant benefits for human healthwould not be possible without the underlying knowledge of evolution.（分数：1.00）A.whatB.thatC.whichD.those32.The

26、 budget crunch has put extra pressure on nearly everyone at this storied campus-besieged administrators_to lure minority applicants, students frantically_ money to cover fee hikes, department heads trying to staunch a faculty brain drain and office staffers worried that a stalemate in Sacramento mea

27、ns no money for the mortgage at home.（分数：1.00）A.to struggle, to seekB.struggled, soughtC.struggle, seekD.struggling, seeking33._ a rigid, unidirectional mode of demystification which saw all such other modes as subsidiary and peripheral, it began to see all alternatives to its mode of demystificatio

28、n as conspiracies against human good.（分数：1.00）A.Modem science not only gradually developsB.Not only did modem science gradually developC.Now that modem science gradually developedD.Only did modem science develop34.The founders, _, were long on exhortation and rhetoric regarding the value of civic ed

29、ucation, but they left it to the textbook writers to distill the essence of those values for school children.（分数：1.00）A.such as the case of almost all their successors wasB.such as was the case of almost all their successorsC.as the case of almost all their successorsD.as the case of almost all thei

30、r successors was35._ from her contract, De Havilland sued the studio and, after a two-year battle, won her case in a landmark decision that benefited all contract actors.（分数：1.00）A.Determined being releasedB.Determining to be releasedC.Determined to be releasedD.Determining to be releasing36.Few peo

31、ple have the time that is required to master a “full“ knowledge of a foreign language and _ still would be to make the much practical use of such a language.（分数：1.00）A.moreB.lessC.muchD.fewer37.Categories, we found, (must) be seen (in) their conceptual context, against the background of larger cogni

32、tive models, and it is obvious that these models will, (to) some point, have to include (sequencing) in time.（分数：1.00）A.mustB.inC.toD.sequencing38.An important consequence arises because the social security program is purely pay-as-you-go financed, _ most pension plans, at least in the private secto

33、r, are fully funded. Thus, greater contracting-out implies greater prefunding of pension commitments.（分数：1.00）A.whereasB.becauseC.so thatD.therefore六、Section B(总题数：7，分数：7.00)39.Cultural pluralism is the dynamic by which minority groups participate fully in the dominant society, yet maintain its cult

34、ural differences. A pluralistic society is one where different groups can interact while showing a certain degree of tolerance for one another, where different cultures can coexist without major conflicts, and where minority cultures are encouraged to uphold their customs.（分数：1.00）A.the dynamic by w

35、hichB.yetC.maintain its cultural differencesD.while showing40.A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit

36、 by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language as other people“s.（分数：1.00）A.by being correctedB.correctedC.the differenceD.as other people“s41.Certainly the humanist thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, who are our ideological ancestors, thought that the goal of life wa

37、s the unfolding of a person“s potentialities; what mattered to them was the person who is much , not the one who has much or use much .（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.42.The most versatile _ embryonic stem cells, which _ found in the embryo at the earliest stage of development and can grow into any part of the bod

38、y.（分数：1.00）A.are, areB.is, isC.are, isD.is, are43.Surely it should be obvious the dimmest executive that trust , that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restoreand that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal da

39、ta getting into the wrong hands . A. that trust B. is easily destroyed c. few things D. getting into the wrong bank （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.44.In contrast, when the general population of a society is going through the early stages of social mobilization, language group conflicts seem particularly likely to

40、 occur. They may develop animosities which take on a life of their own and persist beyond the situation which gives rise to them. The degree to which this happens may be significantly affected by the type of policy which the government adopts during the transitional period.（分数：1.00）A.particularly li

41、kelyB.on a lifeC.which gives rise toD.which this happens45.For it is “everybody“, a whole society, which , has identified being feminine with caring about how one looks. Given these stereotypes, it is no wonder that beauty enjoys, at best, a rather mixed reputation.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、Part Reading Co

42、mpr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also conc

43、erned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has some bearing. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controllee and of the members of the governmental agency itself? A law usuall

44、y has two important features. In the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon others - the effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has “committed perju

45、ry,“ we are not told what he has actually said. “Robbery“ and “assault“ do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentioned - in perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances,

46、in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment, A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency

47、 may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurafices of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in

48、 the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in mm “rule“ behavior. The effect of a law upon the controlling agency The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How code

49、s of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or “enforce“ contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the fact that an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency