【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷23及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 23及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Venture capital has now become a global phenomenon. Here is the (1)_ status of each maj

2、or region that has venture capital activity. (2)_, the definition of venture capital, (3)_ coined 50 years ago at Harvard Business School, meant (4)_ capital for new or very young ventures. Over time, (5)_, and especially outside the US and Canada, it has become a coverall name for any type of equit

3、y related financing for privately held companies. To make matters even more (6)_, some US venture capital firms have begun delving into “transactional“ finance more (7)_ to the investment banking community. This is, however, a limited phenomenon. Indeed, the influx of (8)_ fund money into the ventur

4、e capital market has been both a curse and a blessing. Firms found themselves battling to place their newly (9)_ funds with a (10)_ number of specialized hi-tech firms. The result was a series of losses in the early 1990s. Venture capitalists then became immersed in transactional financing as a resu

5、lt of their (11)_ in business acquisitions. Historically, the venture capitalists had sat at the end of the table representing the company being (12)_. At some point, they began to see opportunities in financing such (13)_ and in other investment banking type activities. In the long (14)_, however,

6、venture capitalists will back out of investment banking type activities and focus on what they are best at, risking capital investments in (15)_ companies. What is required to place their capital and still realize their (16)_ is a ramp up in staff. In the 1980s, many of the firms were quite small an

7、d (17)_ on specific areas of technology where they had in (18)_ knowledge. In the 1990s the successful firms have (19)_ management staff, (20)_ into more than one area of technology, and outsourced more of their technological analysis to very specialized experts.（分数：40.00）A.monetaryB.currentC.domina

8、ntD.alienA.HistoricallyB.SimultaneouslyC.MomentarilyD.ImmediatelyA.butB.whileC.asD.althoughA.sponsorB.riskC.estateD.stakeA.thereforeB.indeedC.henceD.howeverA.apparentB.confusingC.plausibleD.promisingA.proneB.subjectC.akinD.liableA.pensionB.hazardC.abuseD.sectorA.floatedB.bubbledC.driftedD.submergedA

9、.unlimitedB.specificC.definiteD.finiteA.involvementB.speculationC.publicityD.toleranceA.exploredB.acquiredC.terminatedD.commercializedA.prospectsB.stimuliC.dealingsD.schemesA.courseB.caseC.viewD.runA.burnoutB.start upC.handoverD.cut-backA.recruitsB.regardsC.relicsD.returnsA.commentedB.imposedC.acted

10、D.centeredA.vainB.depthC.briefD.essenceA.enhancedB.characterizedC.obscuredD.undertakenA.allocatedB.integratedC.diversifiedD.identified二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

11、hoosing A, B, C or D._The European Union“s Bareelona summit, which ended on March 16th, was played out against the usual backdrop of noisy “anti-globalisation“ demonstrations and massive security. If nothing else, the demonstrations illustrated that economic liberalization in Europe-the meeting“s ma

12、in topicpresents genuine political difficulties. Influential sections of public opinion continue to oppose anything that they imagine threatens “social Europe“, the ideal of a cradle-to-grave welfare state. In this climate of public opinion, it is not surprising that the outcome in Barcelona was mod

13、est. The totemic issue was opening up Europe“s energy markets. The French government has fought hard to preserve a protected market at home for its state-owned national champion, Electricite de France (EDF). At Barcelona it made a well flagged tactical re treat. The summiteers concluded that from 20

14、04 industrial users across Europe would be able to choose from competing energy suppliers, which should account for “at least“ 60% of the market. Since Europe“s energy market is worth 350 billion ($309 billion) a year and affects just about every business, this is a breakthrough. But even the energy

15、 deal has disappointing aspects. Confining competition to business users makes it harder to show that economic liberalization is the friend rather than the foe of the ordinary person. It also allows EDF to keep its monopoly in the most profitable chunk of the French market. In other areas, especiall

16、y to do with Europe“s tough labor markets, the EU is actually going backwards. The summiteers declared that “disincentives against taking up jobs“ should be removed; 20m jobs should be created within the EU by 2010. But only three days after a Barcelona jamboree, the European Commission endorsed a n

17、ew law that would give all temporary-agency workers the same rights as full-timers within six weeks of getting their feet under the desk. Six out of 20 commissioners did, unusually, vote against the measurea blatant piece of re-regulationbut the social affairs commissioner, Anna Diamantopoulou, was

18、unrepentant, indeed triumphant. A dissatisfied liberaliser in the commission called the directive “an absolute disaster“. The summit“s other achievements are still more fragile. Europe“s leaders promised to increase spending on “research and development“ from its current figure of 1.9% of GDP a year

19、 to 3%. But how will European politicians compel businesses to invest more in research? Nobody seems to know. And the one big research project agreed on at Barcelona, the Galileo satellite-positioning system, which is supposed to cost 3.2 billion of public money, is of dubious commercial value, sinc

20、e the Europeans already enjoy free access to the Americans“ GPA system. Edward Bannerman, head of economics at the Centre for European Reform, a Blairite think-tank, calls Galileo “the common agricultural policy in space“.（分数：10.00）(1).According to those who support the liberalization of Europe“s en

21、ergy markets, energy supply monopoly is unlikely on the grounds that（分数：2.00）A.business users will choose from supplier competitors.B.energy markets call for cross trade coordination.C.competition will hardly be confined to business users.D.energy suppliers might cater to economic liberalization.(2)

22、.What is the attitude of the minority of commissioners towards the re-regulation of Europe“s job market?（分数：2.00）A.Arbitrary.B.Neutral.C.Compromising.D.Critical.(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?（分数：2.00）A.Demonstrators are not in favor of Europe“s economic liberalization.B.Fra

23、nce“s EDF is used to illustrate a result of liberal economies.C.The Europe“s Union“s Barcelona summit is not as productive as expected.D.Europe“s satellite-positioning system is nowhere near a great success.(4).It can be inferred from the text that Europe“s quest for more liberal economies may be _.

24、（分数：2.00）A.popular and sensible.B.dubious but profitable.C.slow and contradictory.D.fragile but promising.(5).We learn from the text that Edward Bannerman is probably _.（分数：2.00）A.an enthusiast in space exploration.B.an advocate of Europe“s unity and liberalization.C.a pioneer in research and develo

25、pment.D.an opponent of the Galileo satellite-positioning system.If the opinion polls are to be believed, most Americans are coming to trust their government more than they used to. The habit has not yet spread widely among American Indians, who suspect an organization which has so often patronized t

26、hem, lied to them and defrauded them. But the Indians may soon win a victory in a legal battle that epitomizes those abuses. Elouise Cobell, a banker who also happens to be a member of the Blackfeet tribe in Montana, is the leading plaintiff in a massive class-action suit against the government. At

27、issue is up to $10 billion in trust payments owed to some 500,000 Indians. The suit revolves around Individual Indian Money (IIM) accounts that are administered by the Interior Department“s Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Back in the 1880s, the government divided more than 11m acres of tribal land i

28、nto parcels of 80 to 160 acres that were assigned to individual Indians. Because these parcels were rarely occupied by their new owners, the government assumed responsibility for managing them. As the Indians“ trustee, it leased the land out for grazing, logging, mining and oil drillingbut it was su

29、pposed to distribute the royalties to the Indian owners. In fact, officials admit that royalties have been lost or stolen. Records were destroyed, and the government lost track of which Indians owned what land. The plaintiffs say that money is owing to 500,000 Indians, but even the government accept

30、s a figure of about 300,000. For years, Cobell heard Indians complain of not getting payment from the government for the oil-drilling and ranching leases on their land. But nothing much got done. She returned to Washington and, after a brush-off from government lawyers, filed the suit. Gale Norton,

31、George Bushes interior secretary was charged with contempt in November because her department had failed to fix the problem. In December, Judge Lam berth ordered the interior Department to shut down all its computers for ten weeks because trustfund records were vulnerable to hackers. The system was

32、partly restored last month and payments to some Indians, which had been interrupted, resumed. And that is not the end of it. Ms. Norton has proposed the creation of a new Bureau of Indian Trust Management, separate from the BIA. Indians are cross that she suggested this without consulting them. Some

33、 want the trust funds to be placed in receivership, under a neutral supervisor. Others have called for Congress to establish an independent commission, including Indians, to draw up a plan for reforming the whole system. A messy injustice may at last be getting sorted out.（分数：10.00）(1).Elouise Cobel

34、l criticized the Interior Department“s BIA for _.（分数：2.00）A.its leasing land out for exploitation.B.its distribution of money collected.C.its supposed misconduct of abuses.D.its reaction to a massive action.(2).When mentioning “the government accepts a figure of about 300,000“, the writer is trying

35、to illustrate _.（分数：2.00）A.lies and defraud to which American Indians are exposed.B.the strong confidence American Indians have in their government.C.doubts about government as shown in the opinion polls.D.the arrogance as displayed by government officials as a whole.(3).Which of the following is TR

36、UE according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.Trust funds have been placed in the hands of American Indians.B.American Indians should become increasingly vocal for justice.C.Payments owed to American Indian have been indefinitely delayed.D.BIA reaped great rewards by deliberately destroying trust-fund records

37、.(4).It seems that the writer is very critical of _.（分数：2.00）A.American Indians in a class-action.B.officials who are in charge of the suit.C.government agencies at all levels.D.those who have the land over-developed.(5).From the text, we can see that the writer“s overall attitude towards the issue

38、seems to be _.（分数：2.00）A.sensitive.B.gloomy.C.optimistic.D.scared.After Los Angeles, Atlanta may be America“s most car-dependent city. Atlantans sentimentally give their cars names, compare speeding tickets and jealously guard any sidestreet where it is possible to park. The city“s roads are so well

39、 worn that the first act of the new mayor, Shirley Franklin, was to start repairing potholes. In 1998, 13 metro counties lost federal highway funds because their air-pollution levels violated the Clean Air Act. The American Highway Users Alliance ranked three Atlanta interchanges among the 18 worst

40、bottlenecks in the country. Other cities in the same fix have reorganized their highways, imposed commuter and car taxes, or expanded their public transport systems. Atlanta does not like any of these things. Public transport is a vexed subject, too. Atlanta“s metropolitan region is divided into num

41、erous county and smaller city governments, which find it hard to work together. Railways now serve the city center and the airport, but not much else; bus stops are often near-invisible poles, offering no indication of which bus might stop there, or when. Georgia“s Democratic governor, Roy Barnes, w

42、ho hopes for reelection in November, has other plans. To win back the federal highway money lost under the Clean Air Act, he created the Georgia Regional Transportation Authority (GRTA), a 15-member board with the power to make the county governments, the city and the ten-county Atlanta Regional Com

43、mission cooperate on transport plans, whether they like it or not. Now GRTA has issued its own preliminary plan, allocating $4.5 billion over the next three years for a variety of schemes. The plan earmarks money to widen roads; to have an electric shuttle bus shuttle tourists among the elegant vill

44、as of Buckhead; and to create a commuter rail link between Atlanta and Macon, two hours to the south. Counties will be encouraged, with generous ten-to-one matching funds, to start express bus services. Public goodwill, however, may not stretch as far as the next plan, which is to build the Northern

45、 Arc highway for 65 miles across three counties north of the city limits. GRTA has allotted $270m for this. Supporters say it would ease the congestion on local roads, opponents think it would worsen over-development traffic. The counties affected, and even GRTA“s own board, are divided. The governo

46、r is in favor, however; and since he can appoint and fire GRTA“s members, that is probably the end of the story. Mr. Barnes has a tendency to do as he wants, regardless. His arrogance on traffic matters could also lose him votes. But Mr. Barnes thinks that Atlanta“s slowing economy could do him more

47、 harm than the anti-sprawl movement.（分数：10.00）(1).The author“s presentation of Atlantans“ car-dependence is meant _.（分数：2.00）A.to be ironic.B.to poke fun to them.C.to be fair.D.to make it notorious.(2).Which of the following is not part of the “anti-sprawl movement“ as planned by governor Roy Barnes

48、?（分数：2.00）A.The construction of a commuter rail link.B.His success in reelection in November.C.The initiation of shuttle bus transit.D.The allocation of money to widen roads.(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?（分数：2.00）A.The federal highway funds were lost under the Clean Air Act.B.The county governments should be cooperative on traffic matters.C.Atlantans must abandon buses and trains and build more highways.D.Atlanta leaves a bad impression on visitors in terms of its traffic.(4).It can