【考研类试卷】考研英语-852及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-852 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When a disease of epidemic proportions threatens the public, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of affliction and find ways to combat. Vaccination is one of the effective ways to protect the (1) popu

2、lation of a region or country which may be (2) grave risk. The process of vaccination allows the patients body to (3) immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can fight it (4) naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead (5) of the disease is actually injected into

3、the patient in a controlled environment, (6) his bodys immune system can learn to fight the invader (7) . Information (8) how to penetrate the diseases defenses is (9) to all elements of the patients immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell t

4、o cell. This makes sure that (10) the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to (11) with it, having already done so before.There are, however, dangers (12) in the process. (13) , even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine

5、proves (14) much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system (15) , and, therefore, the patients death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, (16) to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly (17) the whole Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. (18) 1 in

6、 10,000 people who receive the vaccine (19) the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Consequently, the process, which is truly a (20) , may indeed hide some hidden curses. Notes: proportions(pl.)规模；程度；大小。affliction(疾病)痛苦。vaccination n.接种疫苗。eradicate v.根除，消灭。（分数：10.00）A.entireB.

7、totalC.completeD.complexA.inB.atC.underD.beyondA.eliminateB.identifyC.developD.deliverA.upB.againstC.withD.offA.strainB.spellC.seriesD.fitA.only ifB.so thatC.in caseD.seeing thatA.radicallyB.directlyC.properlyD.presumablyA.forB.ofC.toD.onA.transmittedB.transferredC.transportedD.transformedA.wouldB.s

8、houldC.if onlyD.even ifA.handleB.familiarizeC.dealD.tackleA.availableB.plausibleC.accessibleD.inherentA.On occasionB.By contrastC.In additionD.On the contraryA.soB.tooC.ratherD.quiteA.hurtingB.hinderingC.deterioratingD.endangeringA.inventedB.discoveredC.investigatedD.designedA.wiped outB.ruled outC.

9、break downD.died outA.FortunatelyB.ApproximatelyC.NaturallyD.SpecificallyA.infectsB.affectsC.effectsD.contractsA.luckB.triumphC.blessingD.promise二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When, in the age of automation, man searches for a worker to do the tedio

10、us, unpleasant jobs that are more or less impossible to mechanize, he may very profitably consider the ape.If we tackled the problem of breeding for brains with as much enthusiasm as we devote to breeding dogs of surrealistic shapes, we could eventually produce assorted models of useful primates, ra

11、nging in size from the gorilla down to the baboon, each adapted to a special kind of work. It is not putting too much strain on the imagination to assume that geneticists could produce a super-ape, which is able to understand some scores of words and capable of being trained for such jobs as picking

12、 fruit, cleaning up the litter in parks, shining shoes, collecting garbage, doing household chores and even baby-sitting, although I have known some babies I would not care to trust with a valuable ape.Apes could do many jobs, such as cleaning streets and the more repetitive types of agricultural wo

13、rk, without supervision, though they might need protection from those egregious specimens of Home sapiens who think it amusing to tease or bully anything they consider lower on the evolutionary ladder. For other tasks, such as delivering papers and laboring on the docks, our man-ape would have to wo

14、rk under human overseers; and, incidentally, I would love to see the finale of the twenty-first century version of On the Waterfront in which the honest but hairy hero will drum on his chest afterliterallytaking the wicked labor leader apart.Once a supply of nonhuman workers becomes available, a who

15、le range of low IQ jobs could be thankfully given up by mankind, to its great mental and physical advantage. What is more, one of the problems which has annoyed so many fictional Utopias would be avoided: There would be none of the degradingly subhuman Epsilons of Huxleys Brave New World to act as a

16、 permanent reproach to society, for there is a profound moral difference between breeding sub-men and super-apes, though the end products are much the same. The first would introduce a form of slavery, but the second would be a biological triumph which could benefit both men and animals.Notes: surre

17、alistic 超现实的。primate 灵长类动物。 gorilla 大猩猩。 baboon 狒狒。chore 杂活。care to do sth. (常用于否定句)( =willing to do or agree to do sth. ) 愿意做某事。trust A with B 把 B 托付给 A. egregious (通常指坏人或坏事) 异乎寻常的，突出的。Home sapiens 人类。finale n. 结局。 Epsilons 奴隶人名。assorted 各色各样的。Utopia 乌托邦，理想主义。（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, th

18、e ape should be considered for certain jobs（分数：2.00）A.only if it is able to understand scores of words.B.which do not require any intelligence at all.C.that are not suitable for human hands to tackle.D.which are boring and cannot be tackled with machines.(2).By “the honest but hairy hero“ (in Para.

19、3) the author most probably refers to（分数：2.00）A.the human supervisor.B.the geneticists as a whole.C.the non-human worker.D.the man breeding super-apes.(3).The author states that a supply of non-human workers for low IQ jobs would（分数：2.00）A.substitute them for humans completely.B.benefit man mentally

20、 and physically.C.give rise to the opposition from geneticists.D.be a disadvantage to many human workers.(4).According to the author, breeding super-apes would be（分数：2.00）A.a problem related to moral standards.B.as bad as breeding sub-humans.C.introducing a new form of slavery.D.an advance in biolog

21、ical studies.(5).The author of this article is（分数：2.00）A.merely attempting to be humorous about the future workers.B.revealing his high opinion of mankinds prospect.C.expressing his doubts about the possibility of breeding a super-ape.D.presenting an applausible theory in a humorous tone.五、Text 2(总题

22、数：1，分数：10.00)Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. But the desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust-jacket is irresistible. You soo

23、n become absorbed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize that you have spent far too much time there.This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this.

24、 A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your hearts content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting: “Can I help you, sir?“ You neednt buy anything you dont want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the backgr

25、ound until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services necessary.You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say, ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-sell

26、ing novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing- something which had only vaguely interested you up till then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting that you just had to buy it. This sort of thing can be very

27、dangerous. Booksellers must be both long suffering and indulgent.There is a story which well illustrates this. A medical student had to read a textbook which was far too expensive for him to buy. He couldnt obtain it from the library and the only copy he could find was in his bookshop. Every afterno

28、on, therefore, he would go along to the shop and read a little of the book at a time. One day, however, he was dismayed to find the book missing from its usual place and about to leave when he noticed the owner of the shop beckoning to him. Expecting to be reproached, he went toward him. To his surp

29、rise, the owner pointed to the book, which was tucked away in a corner. “I put it there in case anyone was tempted to buy it,“ he said, and left the delighted student to continue his reading.Notes: to ones hearts content 尽情地。 beckon v. 打招呼。（分数：10.00）(1).You may spend too much time in a bookshop beca

30、use（分数：2.00）A.the dust-jackets are very attractive.B.you start reading one of the books.C.it is raining outside.D.you have to make sure you dont buy a dull book as a present.(2).According to the text, in a good bookshop（分数：2.00）A.nobody takes any notice of you.B.the assistant greets you in a friendl

31、y way.C.your heart is contented.D.you feel that you are in a music shop.(3).It can be learned from the text that an assistant should offer you help（分数：2.00）A.as soon as you have entered the shop.B.just before you finish browsing.C.only when you have finished reading.D.when he leads you to a particul

32、ar section.(4).The author implies that it is very easy to enter a bookshop and buy（分数：2.00）A.a book on ancient coins.B.a best-selling novel on brass-rubbing.C.a book that only vaguely interests you.D.a book that unexpectedly fascinates you.(5).The textbook the medical student was interested in was t

33、ucked away in a corner（分数：2.00）A.to prevent anyone from buying it.B.because the medical student might take it away.C.in case the medical student was tempted to buy it.D.because it was a rare and expensive book.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Education is one of the key words of our time. A man, without an e

34、ducation, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of unfortunate circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states “invest“ in institutions of learning to get back “interest“ in the form of a large group of enl

35、ightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, is punctuated by textbooks-those purchasable wells of wisdom-what would civilization be like without its benefits?So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, l

36、awyers and defendants, marriages and births; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on “facts and figures“ and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned af

37、ter its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of “college“ imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.It is th

38、e ideal condition of the “equal start“ which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to reach again. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding on all. There are no “illiterates“-if the term can be applied to peoples without a s

39、cript-while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England 1976, and is still non-existent in a number of “civilized“ nations. This shows how long it was before we considered it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the kno

40、wledge accumulated by the “happy few“ during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry that, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up un

41、der the ever-present attention of his parents; therefore the jungles and the savages know of no “juvenile delinquency“. No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to “buy“ an education for his child.Notes: juvenile de

42、linquency 青少年犯罪。（分数：10.00）(1).The word “interest“ in the first paragraph most probably means（分数：2.00）A.pleasure.B.returns.C.share.D.knowledge.(2).According to the text, the author seems to be（分数：2.00）A.against the education in the very early historic times.B.in favor of the educational practice in p

43、rimitive cultures.C.positive about our present educational instruction.D.quite happy to see an equal start for everyone.(3).It can be inferred from the text that（分数：2.00）A.some families now can hardly afford to send their children to school.B.everyone today has an equal opportunity in education.C.ev

44、ery country invests heavily in education.D.we are not very certain whether preachers are necessary or not.(4).According to the text, which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.One without education today has few opportunities.B.We have not yet decided on our educational models.C.Compulsory

45、 schooling is legal obligation in several countries now.D.Our spiritual outlook is better now than before.(5).The best title for this text is（分数：2.00）A.The Significance of Education.B.Educational Investment and Its Profit.C.Education and Modern Civilization.D.Education: A Comparison of Its Past and

46、Its Present.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for the great disparity between the native population of America in 1492-new estimates of which jump as high as 100 million, or approximately one-sixth of the human race at that time-and the

47、 few million full-blooded Native Americans alive at the end of the nineteenth century. There is no doubt that chronic disease was an important factor in the sharp decline, and it is highly probable that the greatest killer was epidemic disease, especially as manifested in virgin-soil epidemics.Virgi

48、n-soil epidemics are those in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically almost defenseless. That virgin-soil epidemics were important in American history is strongly indicated by evidence that a number of dangerous

49、 maladies-smallpox, measles, malaria, yellow fever, and undoubtedly several more-were unknown in the pre-Columbian New World. The effects of their sudden introduction are demonstrated in the early chronicles of America, which contain reports of horrible epidemics and steep population declines, confirmed in many cases by quantitative analyzes of Spanish tribute records and other sources. The evidence provided by the documents of British and French colonies is not as definitive because the conquerors of those areas did not establish permanent settlements and began to