【考研类试卷】考博英语-166及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-166 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.Since the Second World War, most urban growth in the United States has occurred _ of existing metropolitan areas.（分数：0.50）A.on the outskirtsB.on the outskirtC.on outskirtsD.on outskirt2.The Chinese government is determined to go

2、_ the established policy of developing agriculture.（分数：0.50）A.afterB.onC.aheadD.by3.Women often are swayed to buy a product for reasons far different than those that drive men.（分数：0.50）A.fluctuatedB.shieldedC.praisedD.fulfilled4.It isnt so much his wifes appearance Peter likes _ her property.（分数：0.5

3、0）A.inB.forC.asD.than5.Andrew, my mothers elder brother, will not be at the family party, _ to the familys disappointment.（分数：0.50）A.moreB.muchC.too muchD.much more6.The days when the only fender a businessman needed to stave off a midlife crisis was on the end of a Ferrari are gone.（分数：0.50）A.short

4、enB.better offC.keep away fromD.strive for7.Most banks offer _ facilities to students, to help them when they run short of money.（分数：0.50）A.oversightB.overseeingC.overdoseD.overdraft8.Linda did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _ for her experiment.（分数：0.50）A.to prep

5、areB.to be preparedC.being preparedD.preparing9.“You are very selfish. Its high time you _ that you are not the most important person in the world,“ Edgar said to his boss angrily.（分数：0.50）A.realizeB.have realizedC.realizedD.should realize10.Most people found it hard to believe that such a seemingly

6、 _ man should have one that wicked thing.（分数：0.50）A.respectingB.respectfulC.respectiveD.respectable11.An outside adviser has been brought in to _ the dispute between the management and the union.（分数：0.50）A.arbitrateB.legitimizeC.lugD.earmark12.The house is nearly finished but the windows haven t bee

7、n _ yet.（分数：0.50）A.gloatedB.glaredC.glazedD.glanced13.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _ a sudden loud noise.（分数：0.50）A.being thereB.there having beenC.there wasD.should there be14.Your left _ hemisphere controls the right-hand side of your body.（分数：0.50）A.agileB.c

8、erebralC.maniacD.overbearing15.Dont throw _ the sponge yet! You may still have a chance to win!（分数：0.50）A.byB.inC.onD.for16._ is a slightly sour thick liquid made from milk with bacteria added to it, sometimes sweetened and flavored with fruit and sometimes eaten plain.（分数：0.50）A.YenB.YankeeC.Yogurt

9、D.Yoga17.What will continue to be _ it is today-next in importance to oxygen?（分数：0.50）A.howB.whichC.whatD.as18.He was born in Yamagata _, north of Tokyo.（分数：0.50）A.preferenceB.prefectC.predilectionD.prefecture19.Is it more truly democratic to hold a _, rather than let the government alone decide an

10、important issue.（分数：0.50）A.reincarnationB.referendumC.refineryD.regression20.During his 12 years in Congress he has _ with the chemical, drug and power companies on behalf of the ordinary persons right to breathe clean air.（分数：0.50）A.capsizedB.actuatedC.tussledD.fidgeted21.What is vexing the Bush ad

11、ministration and other public-health professionals is the fact that the United States is not particularly well prepared in the event a bird flu pandemic does strike in the near future.（分数：0.50）A.ticklingB.encouragingC.annoyingD.calming22.After the surface is polished, a design is _ or painted.（分数：0.

12、50）A.incisedB.evictedC.gurgledD.rustled23.Lindas friends were all concerned _ books and music.（分数：0.50）A.withB.ofC.forD.at24.The cards cost a penny apiece.（分数：0.50）A.for twoB.as a groupC.eachD.altogether25.We should be able to do the job for you quickly, _ you give us all the necessary information.（

13、分数：0.50）A.in caseB.as ifC.or elseD.provided that26.He met many diminutive people in the jungle during his adventure in Africa.（分数：0.50）A.slow-wittedB.tinyC.strangeD.wide27.Weather _ , our family can go to the grassland in Inner Mongolia and stay with herdsmen for a few days.（分数：0.50）A.to permitB.per

14、mitsC.permittingD.permitted28.William never lends himself to _ at cards.（分数：0.50）A.gamblingB.gambleC.having gambledD.have gambled29.The groups that dont want us to eat any animals at all are so radical and off-the-wall that we dont even worry about them.（分数：0.50）A.crazyB.reasonableC.persuasiveD.reve

15、aling30.By the year 2010, scientists probably _ an effective treatment for cancer.（分数：0.50）A.will have discoveredB.are discoveringC.will be discoveringD.have discovered31.Mr. Murray remains a devout supporter of the new theory.（分数：0.50）A.an ardentB.a leadingC.an influentialD.a coal32._ to speak when

16、 the audience interrupted him.（分数：0.50）A.Hardly did he beginB.No sooner had he begunC.Not until be begunD.Scarcely had he begun33.Passengers are offered money to _ their seats when planes are overbooked.（分数：0.50）A.vaultB.vacateC.wieldD.vouchsafe34.He was stabbed with a bayonet by his enemy.（分数：0.50）

17、A.spadeB.rifleC.daggerD.spear35.It is better to die on ones feet than _ .（分数：0.50）A.living on ones kneesB.to live on ones kneesC.lived on ones kneesD.live on ones knees36.To solve such a difficult problem is really _ my grasp.（分数：0.50）A.beyondB.out ofC.beneathD.away from37.Your advice would be _ val

18、uable to him, since he is now at his wits end.（分数：0.50）A.excessivelyB.exceedinglyC.extensivelyD.exclusively38.When the workers are organized in trade unions, their employers find it hard to lay them _ .（分数：0.50）A.outB.upC.offD.down39.Within the next 20 years, various regions of the world may experie

19、nce severe changes in climate. Some may be vulnerable to longer droughts, others to more coastal flooding.（分数：0.50）A.immuneB.capableC.intriguingD.exposed40.Instead of telling it like it is, were learning to present things in a more temperate way.（分数：0.50）A.moderateB.conservativeC.exaggeratedD.contem

20、porary二、BPart Reading (总题数：6，分数：30.00)BPassage One/BMore than a quarter of American children-and half of black children-belong to families too poor to fully qualify for the 1,000-a-year child tax credit, which President Bush signed four years ago and has cited in arguing that his program of sweeping

21、 tax cuts helps low-income families, a new study has found. With an annual value of $47 billion, the credit is the governments largest childrens subsidy and one that has provoked sharp partisan fights. Many conservatives, viewing it solely as a tax cut, want to reserve the credit for families that o

22、we federal income tax. Many liberals, vie-wing it as a broader childrens allowance, want to extend it to poorer workers, who they say need it most.Still, the study found that the families of 19.5 million children were too poor to receive the full 1,000 benefit. About half get a partial benefit, and

23、half get nothing. Newt Gingrich, the former Republican House speaker, expressed surprise at the racial gap. “Thats a stunning number,“ he said, referring to the half of black children who fail to receive the full credit. “Id find a way to make sure those kids get the money as part of a broader post-

24、Hurricane Katrina plan.“Framed as middle-class tax relief, the credit passed in 1997 and offered 500 per child to families that owed income tax. It was doubled in 2001 and made partly available to families too poor to have income tax bills. Len Burman, a co-director of the tax center and the studys

25、author, said it might actually exaggerate the amount going to the poor since it assumed all eligible families received the credit. In practice, studies suggest that poor and minority families claim tax credits at lower rates.Told of the study, which will be published Monday, some conservatives repea

26、ted their opposition to making the credit more of an antipoverty program. Mr. Mitchell said that low-wage workers received a total of 39 billion a year from a similar program, the earned income tax credit. “Its not like theyre not getting any redistribution from the government,“ he said. “We want le

27、ss income redistribution, not more.“ Both sides in child tax credit debate have cast their arguments in moral terms. “The income gap is wide and growing,“ Ms. Snowe said. “Were talking about giving a helping hand to families who through no fault of their own are at or near poverty.“ Mr. Mitchell of

28、the Heritage Foundation said income redistribution was morally problematic, since it punished people for economic success. He also called it economically inefficient, arguing that it discouraged work among both rich and poor.（分数：5.00）(1).What can we learn from the first paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.Conserva

29、tives and liberals have basically come to an agreement on child tax credit.B.Bushs program of sweeping tax cuts helps low-income families in a real sense.C.Many conservatives argue child tax credit should be used for qualified families.D.Many liberals intend child tax credit for the poorer workers i

30、nstead of children.(2).The expression “. families that owe income tax“ in Paragraph 3 refer to those that _ .（分数：1.00）A.are too poor to pay any taxB.have income tax billsC.are minority familiesD.have very low income(3).Why do many conservatives repeat their idea about child tax credit after getting

31、in-formed of the study?（分数：1.00）A.They are deeply concerned about child tax credit.B.They think the public will oppose them.C.They think income redistribution unfair.D.They think child tax credit is problematic.(4).Who holds the opinion of liberals?（分数：1.00）A.Len Burman.B.Mr. Mitchell.C.Newt Gingric

32、h.D.Ms. Snowe.(5).What is the authors attitude toward the different opinions on child tax credit?（分数：1.00）A.Neutral.B.Contrary to the liberals.C.Inconsistent.D.Contrary to the conservatives.BPassage Two/BAn investigation of the circulation of blood in the eyes of diver has produced the strongest evi

33、dence that tissue damage caused by diving is more common and more severe than had been previously thought. Of the 26 professional divers studied, all had abnormal retinas. None of the divers taking part in the study had visual problems as a result of their damaged retinas but Alan Bird of Moorfields

34、 Eye Hospital in London said that he “would not be surprised to find divers whose damage has progressed far enough to affect their vision“.Evidence has mounted during recent years to show that exposure to pressure during diving subtly damages the central nervous system. Doctors believe that the dama

35、ge is due to obstruction in the flow of blood through the tissues. People who take up diving as a sport know they are at risk of getting “the bends“ or an air embolism, but if they follow the correct procedures, the risk is very low. All professional divers know they also run the risk of bone necros

36、is. About 5 per cent of them develop small dead patches in their bones. Active professional divers have their thighs and upper arms X-rayed as part of their annual medical examination.Doctors have been concerned diving-caused dead patches to appear on bones; other tissues may be suffering a similar

37、fate. Their concern increased in the early 1950s. Detailed neurological examinations and tests of the memory and reactions of experienced professional divers suggested that some of them might have slight damage to the brain and spinal cord. In order to determine the size of the problem, the research

38、ers needed a method of looking for the damage in a large sample of divers that did not involve surgery. The damage which occurs in the tissue of both the bones and the nerves of divers is similar. Damages of the retina which doctors can see using the technique are known as retinal angiography. The p

39、rocess involves injecting fluorocein dye into the blood stream and photographing the back of the eye through the pupil. The technique can provide a detailed photograph of the two vascular systems supplying blood to their retina without causing too much discomfort to the patient.The researchers sugge

40、sted three mechanisms to explain how diving causes this obstruction. When divers come back to the surface, air bubbles sometimes form in their lungs. Bubbles forming in the lungs trigger changes in the bodys clotting mechanism which could result in minute clots. The researchers hope that clues to th

41、e cause of the obstruction will come from investigations into the individual differences between divers. Some of the divers studied had relatively little damage even though they had been diving for many years and done a great deal of deep diving. On the other hand, a few inexperienced divers had qui

42、te extensive damage.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the article, _ .（分数：1.00）A.low blood pressure can cause eye problems in diversB.diving is becoming more and more dangerousC.eyes can be severely harmed as a result of divingD.many divers experience approximately 50% vision loss(2).Approximately 5 per cen

43、t of professional divers _ .（分数：1.00）A.develop bone necrosisB.have annual bone X-raysC.get the “bends“D.are nervous when diving(3).Damage to the retina is caused by _ .（分数：1.00）A.obstructions to blood circulationB.loss of pigment in the epitheliumC.pressure on the central nervous systemD.All of the

44、above(4).Retinal angiography _ .（分数：1.00）A.involves the injection of fluorocein dye into the pupilB.provides graphic information about blood supply to retinasC.causes considerable discomfort to the patientD.none of the above(5).According to the article, _ .（分数：1.00）A.the more experienced divers are

45、the less eye damage they haveB.divers experience rigidity during divingC.differences between individual divers obstructed researchers workD.eye damage can also occur in novice diversBPassage Three/BIs Wal-Mart going wobbly? Over the past couple of weeks, Americas largest company-linchpin of the low-

46、wage, no-benefit economy that is increasingly the norm in America-has announced some surprising reversals of course. In a series of speeches and interviews, chief executive H. Lee Scott unveiled four initiatives that he clearly hopes will polish the companys increasingly tarnished image. Wal-Mart, h

47、e said, will shift to more environmentally responsible practices-demanding better packaging of its products. It will offer more affordable health insurance to its employees, cutting the monthly premium in some cases to just 11. It will monitor the environmental and health and safety practices of its

48、 foreign suppliers. And it will lobby for a higher federal minimum wage.Scotts timing is anything but accidental. The sweatshop conditions in which thou-sands of employees of Wal-Marts suppliers routinely work, and the depressive effect that Wal-Mart has on working-class living standards here in the

49、 United States, are receiving increasing scrutiny-enough to impede the companys growth. Wal-Marts at-tempts to open stores in the major cities of the Northeast and West Coast have been largely checked by a coalition of fearful and irate unions, smaller retailers, churches and liberal activists. Wal-Marts stock is down 13 percent thi