ASTM E1638-2018 Standard Terminology Relating to Sieves Sieving Methods and Screening Media.pdf

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1、Designation: E1638 13E1638 18Standard TerminologyRelating to Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1638; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r

2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONParticle size analysis through the use of standard test sieves, and particle separation through the useof screening media, a

3、re commonly adopted methods of achieving desired process specificationsrelated to particles. To ensure a better understanding of sizing and separation systems and processesand to ensure appropriate comparison of data, terminology common to the processes must bedocumented and defined.For Subcommittee

4、 E29.01 on Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media, this is an ongoingprocess of developing new related terms. Every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, precision,and clarity for the terms included. Suggestions and comments for additions, corrections, and revisionsare welcomed.1. Scope1.1

5、This terminology includes all those terms used in all of the standards under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee E29.01. Termsare defined that are related to the manufacture of standard test sieves and screening media, as well as terms related to the methods,analysis, procedures, and equipment for sizi

6、ng and separating particles.1.2 Committee E29 on Particle and Spray Characterization feels that it is essential to include terms and definitions explicit tothe scope, regardless of whether the terms appear in existing ASTM standards. Terms that are in common usage and appear incommon-language dictio

7、naries are generally not included.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in

8、accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1 This terminology is under t

9、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E29 on Particle and Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.01 onSieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media.Current edition approved June 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2018. Published July 2013November 2018. Originally approved in 1994. Last p

10、revious edition approved in 20122013 asE1638 12.E1638 13. DOI: 10.1520/E1638-13.10.1520/E1638-18.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically p

11、ossible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,

12、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test SievesE161 Specification for Electroformed Material and Test SievesE323 Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves for Testing PurposesE454 Specificat

13、ion for Industrial Perforated Plate and Screens (Square Opening Series)E674 Specification for Industrial Perforated Plate and Screens (Round Opening Series)E2016 Specification for Industrial Woven Wire ClothE2427 Test Method for Acceptance by Performance Testing for SievesE2589 Terminology Relating

14、to Nonsieving Methods of Powder CharacterizationE2814 Specification for Industrial Woven Wire Filter Cloth3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:agglomerate, ntwo or more particles adhering together. E1638aperture, nthe opening in a screening or sieving medium. E11, E2016aperture size, nthe dimension definin

15、g an opening in a screening or sieving medium. E11, E2016backing cloth, na wire mesh support layer used directly under the sieve cloth with openings coarser than the sieve designation.E11bar, nthe metal between perforations. E454, E674blank, nan unperforated area located other than along the perimet

16、er of a plate. E454, E674bolting grade wire cloth, nwire cloth meeting a group of specifications that are typical for higher sifting capacities and whichcan speed the bolting action of vibratory screening machines, manufactured based on using a limited number of wire diametersfor a large group of me

17、sh designations. E2016DISCUSSION“Bolting Grade” designations are often misused; and should not be specified without a wire diameter, as the designations have become non-standard.break-out, va term applied to the action that occurs ahead of the punch in its going through the plate. E454, E674DISCUSSI

18、ONThe fracturing of the material results in a tapered hole with the small dimensions on the punch side.bubble point test, ncapillary flow bubble point methods are based on the fact that a capillary flow test method that measuresthe pressure required to force an air bubble through a filter cloth samp

19、le wetted under a test liquid of known surface tension isinversely proportional to the pore size.tension. E2814DISCUSSIONThe pressure is inversely proportional to the pore size, should be standardized, and the pressure observed at the first bubble point location is consideredthe absolute micron rete

20、ntion rating.rating. The test result pressure can be converted to a calculated pore size or micron retention by applying a selectedtortuosity factor.bulk density, nthe mass per unit volume of a material, including voids inherent in the material as tested. E1638calibration test sieve, na test sieve m

21、anufactured using sieve cloth which has been inspected after being mounted in the sieveframe, and that meets the requirements in accordance with Specification E11, Table 1, in part based on the standard deviationof the number of sample openings in the test sieve (Column 11) not exceeding the maximum

22、 allowable for a confidence levelof 99.73 % (Column 12). E11DISCUSSION2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstandards Document Summary page on

23、 the ASTM website.E1638 182Calibration sieves have had at least twice as many openings measured as Inspection sieves.centers, nthe dimensional sum of one perforation and one bar, or the dimensional distance from the center of one perforationto the center of an adjacent perforation.E454, E674cloth th

24、ickness, noverall thickness of the filter cloth, nominally estimated by adding the warp wire diameter plus two times theshute wire diameter. E2814compliance test sieve, na test sieve manufactured using sieve cloth which has been inspected prior to being mounted in the sieveframe, and that meets the

25、requirements in accordance with Specification E11, Table 1, in part based on the standard deviationof the required number of sample openings per 100 square feet of sieve cloth (Column 7) not exceeding the maximum allowablefor a confidence level of 66 % (Column 8). E11crimp, nthe corrugation in the w

26、arp or shute wire, or both.DISCUSSIONThe crimp in the wires is formed either during the weaving process, or with a crimping machine prior to weaving. If formed during the weaving process,the tension existing between the warp and the shute wires fundamentally determines the respective amount of depth

27、 of crimp, which locks the wiresin place and in part establishes the firmness of the sieve cloth. E11, E2016DISCUSSIONThe crimp in the wires is formed during the weaving process, and the tension existing between the warp and shute wires fundamentally determinesthe respective amount or depth of crimp

28、, which in part establishes the firmness of the filter cloth. With the exception of reverse filter cloth, the warpwire is tensioned such that it only crimps minimally if at all, and the shute wire crimps predominately around the warp wire. E2814cumulative retained distribution graph, na graph obtain

29、ed by plotting the total (cumulative) percentage by the mass retainedon each of a set of sieves versus the corresponding aperture sizes. E1638DISCUSSIONAlso known as cumulative oversize distribution graph.cumulative passing distribution graph, na graph obtained by plotting the total (cumulative) per

30、centage by the mass passingeach of a set of sieves versus the corresponding aperture sizes. E1638DISCUSSIONAlso known as cumulative undersize distribution graph.die side, nthe surface of the plate that was against the die during the punching operation. E454, E674double crimp wire cloth, nwire cloth

31、woven with approximately equal corrugations in both the warp and shute wires to lockthe wires in position. E11, E2016Dutch weave,nsee filter cloth.electroformed material, nelectrodeposited grid material consisting of precision openings used as the base material forelectroformed sieves. E161electrofo

32、rmed sieves, nsee test sieves (electroformed). E161endpoint, npoint at which no more material falls through the sieve concluding the sieving, taking into account sampledegradation. E2427filter cake (surface cake), nmaterial that is retained on the filter cloth during processing. E2814DISCUSSIONThe f

33、ilter cake forms and builds up as particulate is retained, until the increased flow resistance of the filter cake requires it be removed from the filtercloth, typically by backflushing. The deposition of material forming the filter cake can aid in filtration by providing depth filtration, which resu

34、lts ina lower micron retention.E1638 183filter cloth, na special type of woven wire cloth, also referred to as Dutch weave, with a greater number of wires in one directionthan the other, and utilizing two different wire diameters. E2814finished end pattern, nthe condition that occurs with some speci

35、fications of staggered pattern perforations as a result of tooldesign where the pattern is completed on both ends of the plate. E454, E674firmness, na subjective term referring to the planar rigidity of wire cloth (as a roll good, not mounted in a frame).E11, E2016DISCUSSIONFirmness is established b

36、y the tensile strength of the material, the relationship of the mesh to wire diameters, the type of weave, and amount of crimpin the wires. The absence of firmness in wire cloth is termed sleaziness.flat top wire cloth, nwire cloth with deep crimps, as in lock crimp, except that all crimps are on th

37、e under side of the cloth,leaving the top surface all in one plane. E2016DISCUSSIONSometimes designated smooth top.gage (also gauge), na number designating a specific thickness of metal sheet tabulated in a standardized series, each of whichrepresents a decimal fraction of an inch. E454glass bead te

38、st, nmethod for determining the filtration rating of filter cloth using a set of presorted precisely sized spherical glassbeads, passing them through the filter cloth, and examining the beads passed or captured. E2814DISCUSSIONThe largest bead passed is considered the absolute micron retention ratin

39、g.inspection test sieve, na test sieve manufactured using sieve cloth which has been inspected after being mounted in the sieveframe, and that meets the requirements in accordance with Specification E11, Table 1, in part based on the standard deviationof the required number of sample openings in the

40、 test sieve (Column 9) not exceeding the maximum allowable for a confidencelevel of 99 % (Column 10). E11intermediate crimp wire cloth, nprecrimped wire cloth with extra crimps or corrugations between the points of intersection.E2016DISCUSSIONSometimes designated intercrimp or multiple crimp.lock cr

41、imp wire cloth, nprecrimped wire cloth with deep crimps at the points of intersection to lock the wires securely in place.E2016margin or border, nan unperforated area located along the perimeter of a plate. E454, E674market grade wire cloth, nwire cloth meeting a group of specifications that are typ

42、ical for use in the general industrial market,manufactured based on using a different wire diameter for each of the common mesh designations. E2016DISCUSSION“Market Grade” designations are often misused; and should not be specified without a wire diameter, as the designations have become non-standar

43、d.matched test sieve, na test sieve that reproduces the performance results of another test sieve within user defined limits for adesignated material (for information only and may not be in compliance with Specification E11). E11median particle size, nthe particle size at which half the distribution

44、 (by mass, volume, number, etc.) is larger than and halfsmaller than the stated size. E1638, E2589mesh, nthe number of wires or openings per linear inch (25.4 mm), counted from the center of any wire to a point exactly oneinch (25.4 mm) distant, including the fractional distance between either there

45、of. E11, E2016, E2814micron, ncommon filtration reference to a particle size, properly defined as a micrometre. E2814E1638 184micron retention, nseparation particle size of the filter cloth expressed as a diameter in micrometres. E2814micron retention, absolute, ndiameter of the largest spherical pa

46、rticle that will pass through the filter cloth under laboratoryconditions representing the maximum pore size. E2814micron retention, nominal, nsubject to user definition, an indication of the average pore size of the filter cloth. E2814DISCUSSIONThe nominal rating may refer to: (1) the glass bead or

47、 particle size the filter cloth will retain 90 % of by weight; (2) the bubble point pore size whenthe tenth bubble location appears; or (3) the degree of filtration achieved under specific process conditions such as operating pressure, concentrationof contaminant, and the buildup of filter cake, suc

48、h that 94 % to 98 % of all particles of the nominal value will be retained after a given working period.mill grade wire cloth, nwire cloth meeting a group of specifications that are typical for milling grain and other light screening,manufactured based on using a different wire diameter for each of

49、the common mesh designations. E2016DISCUSSION“Mill Grade” designations are often misused; and should not be specified without a wire diameter, as the designations have become non-standard.near size particle, na particle of a size approximately equal to the aperture size of the sieve that may block an opening. E1638non standard frames (electroformed), nsieve frames other than as specified in accordance with Table 2 of Specification E161that may be circular, square, rectangular, or non-metal. E161DISCUSSIONThe fram