ASTM D178-2019 Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Matting.pdf

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1、Designation: D178 01 (Reapproved 2010)D178 19Standard Specification forRubber Insulating Matting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D178; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A

2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers acceptance testing of

3、rubber insulating matting for use as a floor covering for protection ofworkers.1.2 Two types of matting, differing in chemical and physical characteristics, are provided and are designated as Type I and TypeII matting.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the test method portion, S

4、ections 17 to 19, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the appl

5、icabilityof regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1Rubber insulating matting should remain flexible for use through normal temperature ranges.NOTE 2Rubber as used in this specification is a generic term that includes elastomers and elastomer compounds, regardless of origin.1.4 This international

6、standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2.

7、Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials atCommercial Power FrequenciesD297 Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemical AnalysisD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Ela

8、stomersTensionD471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD518 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurface Cracking (Withdrawn 2007)3D570 Test Method for Water Absorption of PlasticsD573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an Air OvenD1692 Method of Test for Rate of Burning or Extent and

9、 Time of Burning of Cellular Plastics Using a Specimen Supported bya Horizontal Screen (Withdrawn 1976)32.2 American National Standard:4ANSI C84.1 Voltage Ratings for Electric Power Systems and Equipment (60 Hz)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 user, nas used in 4.3.1, the entity employing the act

10、ual worker(s) utilizing the equipment; if no separate employer, thenthe individual.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 on Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF18.25 on Insulating Cover-Up Equipment. This standar

11、d replaces ANSI Standard J 6.7, which is no longer available.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010Jan. 1, 2019. Published November 2010February 2019. Originally approved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 20052010as D178 01(2005).(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D0178-01R10.10.1520/D0178-19.2 For refere

12、ncedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on

13、www.astm.org.4 Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit

14、may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha

15、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2 voltage, maximum retest, nvoltage, either ac rms or dc avg, which is equal to the proof-test voltage for new protectiveequipment.3.1.3 voltage, retest, nvoltage, either ac rms or dc avg, that used protective equipment mus

16、t be capable of withstanding fora specified test period without breakdown.3.1.4 voltage, nominal design, na nominal value consistent with the latest revision of ANSI C84.1, assigned to the circuit orsystem for the purpose of conveniently designating its voltage class.3.1.5 voltage, maximum use, nthe

17、 ac voltage (rms) classification of the protective equipment that designates the maximumnominal design voltage of the energized system that may be safely worked. The nominal design voltage is equal to phase-to-phasevoltage on multiphase circuits.3.1.5.1 If there is no multiphase exposure in a system

18、 area, and the voltage exposure is limited to phase (polarity on dc systems)to ground potential, the phase (polarity on dc systems) to ground potential shall be considered to be the nominal design voltage.3.1.5.2 If electrical equipment and devices are insulated, or isolated, or both, such that the

19、multiphase exposure on a groundedwye circuit is removed, then the nominal design voltage may be considered as the phase-to-ground voltage on that circuit.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification covers the minimum electrical, chemical, and physical properties guaranteed by the manufacturer and

20、thedetailed procedures by which such properties are to be determined. The purchaser may at his option perform or have performedany of these tests in order to verify the guarantee. Claims for failure to meet the specification are subject to verification by themanufacturer.4.2 Rubber insulating mattin

21、g is used for personal protection; therefore when authorizing its use a margin of safety should beallowed between the maximum voltage at which it is used and the proof-test voltage at which it is tested. The relationship betweenproof-test and the maximum voltage at which matting shall be used is sho

22、wn in Table 1.4.3 Work practices vary from user to user, depending upon many factors. These may include, but are not limited to, operatingsystem voltages, construction design, work procedures and techniques, weather conditions etc. Therefore, except for therestrictions set forth in this specificatio

23、n because of design limitations, the use and maintenance of this equipment is beyond thescope of this specification4.3.1 It is common practice and the responsibility of the user of this type of protective equipment to prepare completeinstructions and regulations to govern the correct and safe use of

24、 such equipment.5. Classification5.1 Matting covered under this specification shall be designated as Type I or Type II; Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, or Class4.5.1.1 Type I, made of any elastomer or combination of elastomer compounds, properly vulcanized.5.1.2 Type II, made of any elastomer or

25、 combination of elastomeric compounds with one or more of the following specialproperties:5.1.2.1 AOzone resistance5.1.2.2 BFlame resistance5.1.2.3 COil resistance5.1.3 The class designation shall be based on the electrical properties as shown in Table 2.TABLE 1 Proof Test/Use Voltage RelationshipNO

26、TE 1The ac voltage (rms) classification of the protective equip-ment designates the maximum nominal design voltage of the energizedsystem that may be safely worked. The nominal design voltage is equal to:a. The phase to phase on multiphase circuits orb. The phase to ground voltage on single phase gr

27、ounded circuits.Class of Insulat-ing MattingNominal MaximumUse Voltage APhase-Phaseac rms, maxAC Proof-TestVoltage, rms VDC Proof-TestVoltage, avg, V0 1 000 5 000 20 0001 7 500 10 000 40 0002 17 000 20 000 50 0003 26 500 30 000 60 0004 36 000 40 000 70 000AExcept for Class O equipment, the maximum u

28、se voltage is based on thefollowing formula:Maximum use voltage (maximum nominal design voltage) 0.95 ac proof-testvoltage 2000D178 1926. Ordering Information6.1 Orders for matting under this specification should include the following information:6.1.1 Type,6.1.2 Class,6.1.3 Thickness,6.1.4 Width,6.

29、1.5 Length, and6.1.6 Color.6.2 The listing of types, classes, thicknesses, widths, lengths, and colors is not intended to mean that all shall necessarily beavailable from manufacturers; it signifies only that, if made, they shall conform to the details of this specification.7. Manufacture and Markin

30、g7.1 The matting shall consist of a rubber compound with a smooth, corrugated, or diamond design on one surface and may bebacked with fabric, or may have one or more fabric inserts. The back of the matting may be finished with cloth imprint or otherslip-resistant material. Any such fabric insert sha

31、ll not affect adversely the dielectric characteristics of the matting.7.2 Each piece of matting shall be marked clearly and permanently at a maximum interval of 1 m (3 ft) with the name of themanufacturer or supplier, ASTM D178, type, and class.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 WidthStanda

32、rd widths shall be 610 6 13 mm (24.0 6 0.5 in.), 760 6 13 mm (30.0 6 0.5 in.), 914 6 25 mm (36 6 1in.) and 12206 25 mm (48 6 1 in.).8.2 ThicknessThe thickness of the matting shall be as specified in Table 3. Measurements shall be made over the corrugationsor diamonds. The corrugations shall be not m

33、ore than 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) deep. The diamonds shall not be higher than 1.6 mm(0.062 in.).9. Workmanship and Finish9.1 The matting shall be free of harmful physical irregularities, which can be detected by thorough test or inspection.9.1.1 Nonharmful IrregularitiesSurface irregularities may be prese

34、nt on all rubber matting due to imperfections in molds andinherent difficulties in the manufacturing processes. These irregularities may appear as indentations, protuberances, or imbeddedforeign material that are acceptable provided that:9.1.1.1 The indentation or protuberance tends to blend into a

35、smooth slope upon stretching of the material.9.1.1.2 The rubber thickness at any irregularity conforms to the thickness requirements.9.1.1.3 Foreign material remains in place when the matting is bent and stretches equally with the material surrounding it.TABLE 2 Electrical Test RequirementsClassAC D

36、CAElectrode Clearances, min B Proof TestVoltage Dielectric Test Voltage Electrode Clearances, min B Proof TestVoltage Dielectric TestVoltagemm in. rms V rms V mm in. avg V avg V0 76 3 5 000 6 000 76 3 20 000 35 0001 76 3 10 000 20 000 76 3 40 000 60 0002 127 5 20 000 30 000 152 6 50 000 70 0003 178

37、7 30 000 40 000 203 8 60 000 80 0004 178 10 40 000 50 000 305 12 70 000 90 000ADC proof-test, voltages were determined using negative polarity.BThese nominal clearances are intended to avoid flashover and may be increased by no more than 2 in. (51 mm) when required by change in atmospheric condition

38、s fromthe standard of 100 kPa (1 atm) barometric pressure and average humidity conditions. These clearances may be decreased if atmospheric conditions permit.TABLE 3 Thickness MeasurementsClass Thickness Tolerancemm in. mm in.0 3.2 0.13 0.8 0.031 4.8 0.19 0.8 0.032 6.4 0.25 0.8 0.033 9.5 0.38 1.2 0.

39、054 12.7 0.50 1.2 0.05D178 19310. Chemical and Physical Requirements10.1 Insulating matting shall conform to the physical requirements in Table 4. For Type II matting, flame or oil resistance canbe determined by conducting the tests in 19.2.5 or 19.2.6, respectively.11. Electrical Requirements11.1 T

40、he entire length of each roll of matting when new (unused) shall withstand the 60-Hz50/60-Hz ac proof-test voltage (rmsvalue) or the dc proof-test voltage (average value) specified in Table 2. The test voltage shall be applied continuously for 1 min.11.2 The matting material when tested between 50-m

41、m (2-in.) disk electrodes with edges rounded to a radius of 6 mm (0.25in.), shall show a 60-Hz50/60-Hz dielectric strength of not less than the requirements shown in Table 2 for the thickness of eachindividual specimen.11.3 The Type IIA matting material shall show no visible effects from ozone when

42、tested in accordance with 18.6.1, or 18.6.2.In case of dispute, Method A of the ozone resistance test shall be the referee test.12. Guarantee12.1 The manufacturer or supplier shall replace, without charge to the purchaser, unused matting which, at any time within aperiod of nine (9) months from date

43、 of initial delivery of shipment to the purchaser or his designee, fail to pass the tests in thisspecification. This guarantee will be binding on the manufacturer or supplier only if the matting has been properly stored and hasnot been subjected to more than an original acceptance test and one retes

44、t.12.2 Any acceptance test made by the purchaser, or the purchasers designee, shall be performed within the first two (2) monthsof the guarantee period unless otherwise specified.NOTE 3Proper storage means that the matting is stored without distortion, and not stored directly above or in proximity t

45、o steam pipes, radiators,or other sources of artificial heat, or exposed to direct sunlight or sources of ozone. It is desirable that the ambient storage temperature shall not exceed35C (95F).13. Sampling13.1 Each roll of matting in a lot or shipment shall be subject to inspection and test by the ma

46、nufacturer including electricalproof test to levels required in Table 2 of this specification.13.2 An original sample of sufficient material shall be cut from the end of a roll or rolls selected from the lot for the testrequirements of Section 10, 11.2, and 11.3. A lot is defined as that quantity of

47、 material produced by a common manufacturingprocess during a consecutive time period not to exceed 24 h. If failure occurs in the first sample, a second sample of the samequantity shall be selected and tested.14. Rejection14.1 Individual rolls shall be rejected if they fail to meet the manufacturing

48、 and marking requirements of Section 7, the electricalrequirements of 11.1, the width requirements of 8.1, the minimum thickness requirements of 8.2, or the workmanship requirementsof Section 9.14.2 The entire lot or shipment of matting shall be rejected under any of the following conditions:14.2.1

49、If 5 % or more, but not less than two rolls of the matting, in a shipment fail to meet the requirements of 11.1.14.2.2 If two dielectric breakdowns that do not meet the dielectric strength value specified in 11.2 occur in five tests on thespecimen.14.2.3 If one dielectric breakdown of five tests on the original and one or more dielectric breakdowns of five tests on anadditional specimen fail to meet the dielectric strength value specified in 11.2.TABLE 4 Physical RequirementsType I Type IITensile strength, min, MPa (psi) 4.83 (700) 4.83 (700)Tension set,