（全国）2020高考英语大一轮复习话题版主题语境Unit7学校生活（一）讲义.doc

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1、1学校生活.单词拼写 1.I am writing to apply(申请) for being a volunteer in our school.2.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major(主要的) ways.(2018全国)3.Owing to the recent bad weather，the project is several weeks behind schedule(计划).4.Then a discussion(讨论) will be held，aiming to

2、improve mutual understanding.5.He got a scholarship(奖学金) last term.6.She has a sister who is four years junior(小的) to me.7.She insisted on her own opinion(意见) even if she was wrong.8.Now all that was needed were the parents，but they were absent(缺席的).(2017全国)9.Some change their behaviour in real life

3、 to improve(改善) their image on the web.(2018江苏)10.They were not provided with adequate equipment(设备).(2018江苏).单句语法填空1.What can journalists do in the face of this complex，uncertain and hotly debated(debate) topic?2.We will give a possible explanation(explain) for why some people may have an increased

4、 risk of developing this disease.3.The first is that antitrust authorities(authority) need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century.(2017江苏)4.I graduated on scholarship and danced professionally for ten years.5.The trip is scheduled(schedule) to start on December 21 in New York City and

5、 continue on to Milan.(2017全国)6.If you have further(far) questions，please feel free to let me know.(2018北京)7.Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social，political and scientific(science) progress.2(2018浙江)8.Firms that fail to take(take) advantage of the new technology will go out of business.

6、9.His secretary will have to take on most of his work while hes gone.10.We want to preserve the character of the town while improving(improve) the facilities.单句改错(每小题仅有 1处错误)1.As ，we have a reciting competition this Friday morning.schedulingscheduled2.They have bought a lot of in the gym.equipmentse

7、quipment3.The big company wants to hire those who graduate in law or major computer oninscience.4.In absence of gray wolves，the deer population grew quickly. the5.I learned that shouting and punishment would result a disaster.fromin.选词填空hand in， be involved in， put forward， be absorbed in， catch up

8、with， go through1.A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.2.For a long time Gabriel didnt want to be involved in music at all.(2017江苏)3.Time is over，and please hand in your paper.4.Its heartbroken for a parent to watch a child go through misery

9、.5.Finally，I managed to catch up with others.6.We put forward some advice at the meeting yesterday.同义词语替换1.We aim to let young graduates prepare for a competitive business environment.equip，for2.Nobody believed his reason for missing the class that he had to meet his uncle at the airport.being absen

10、t from3.People who studied subjects like literature or history at universities usually have to read more than science majors do.major in34.I couldnt figure out what I had done to annoy my boss.work out5.I dont like rock music because its much too noisy for my taste.go in forexplain v.解 释 ； 说 明 ； 辩 解

11、(1)explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释explain oneself说明自己的意思；为自己的行为辩解(2)explanation n.解释；说明in explanation of作为对的解释或辩解(1)What is your explanation for being late?(2)Could you explain yourself(you) a bit more?(3)Have you anything to say in explanation of(作为对的辩解) your conduct?易错点拨 explain 后不接双宾语，若语义上需要此类结构，可用 exp

12、lain sth. to sb. 结构。类似不接双宾语的动词还有：describe，say，report，announce，suggest，mention，express 等。major adj.主要的；较重要的v.主修n.专业，主修科目；某专业的学生(1)major in主修(2)majority n.大部分；大多数；大半in a/the majority占大多数(1)一句多译 我在大学里主修英语。I major in English at university.My major is English at university.Im an English major at universi

13、ty.(2)Only a minority of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking the subway to work are in the/a majority(占多数).易错点拨4major本身含有“比较”之意，没有比较等级的变化，也不可与 than连用。schedule n.& vt.计 划 ， 安 排(1)ahead of schedule提前on schedule按时；按时间表behind schedule迟于预定时间(2)be scheduled for预定；安排be scheduled t

14、o do.计划做as scheduled按计划(1)After he had finished his scheduled(schedule) bus route，he offered to help me out.(2)In spite of all the difficulties，we fulfilled our task ahead of schedule(提前).(3)The application time is scheduled for(预定) October 510.(4)The trip is scheduled to start(计划开始) on December 21

15、in New York City and continue on to Milan，Prague，Paris，Bangkok and New Delhi.(2017全国)fail v.失 败 ； 未 能 ； 没 有 通 过 考 试 ； 不 及 格 ； 失 灵 ； 歉 收(1)fail to do.未能做fail in.在失败(2)failure n.衰退，衰竭；失败；故障；失败的人(事)end in failure以失败告终heart failure心脏衰竭(1)We were confused by his failure to answer(answer) the letter.(2)It

16、 was evident that the policy was a failure.同义句改写(3)He failed the exam.He failed in the exam. He failed to pass the exam.熟词生义 选择句子中 fail的汉语意思(4)The crops failed again last summer. C 5(5)The brakes failed and the bus crashed into a tree. B A.辜负 B.失灵 C.歉收易错点拨(1)failure表示抽象意义的“失败”时，不可数；表示具体意义的“失败的人或事”时，

17、则可数。(2)failure后可接不定式作定语，但不接 of doing.。graduate vi.大学毕业；获得(学士)学位vt.向(毕业生)授予学位n.毕业生(1)graduate from/at从毕业graduate in毕业于专业(2)graduation n.毕业on graduation一毕业(1)It has been 20 years since we graduated from high school.我们高中毕业已经 20年了。(2)He graduated in physics from/at Cambridge University.他毕业于剑桥大学物理专业。(3)O

18、n graduation from college，she got a good job.她大学一毕业就找到了一份好工作。mark n.痕迹；标记；记号；成绩；分数；污点，污渍vt.(给试卷等)打分数；留痕迹于；作记号于(1)hit/miss the mark(未)达到目标make ones mark出名，成功up to the mark达到要求的标准(2)be marked with标记着be marked on标记在上6mark down记下；降低价格/分数写出下列句子中 mark的词性及汉语意思(1)He made marks with a pencil.n.记号；符号(2)He was

19、 marking essays in his small study.v.给(作业)评分(或打分)(3)He did well to get such a good mark.n.成绩，分数(4)Prices are marked on the goods.v.标记(5)Who made these dirty marks on my new coat？ n.污点，污渍单句语法填空(6)The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month，marking(mark) the end of the Chi

20、nese New Year celebrations.(7)Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(8)The exit sign was marked with an arrow.present adj.现存的，当前的；在场的，出席的n.礼物；目前v.陈述；提出(观点、计划等)；授予；展示；呈现；主持(1)be present at出席(2)at present目前；现在for the present目前；暂时(3)present sth. to sb. (present sb. with sth. )向某人赠送某物(1)W

21、e were present at the concert while Tom was absent from it.我们参加了音乐会，但是汤姆缺席了。(2)Well not talk about the matter for the present.我们暂时不谈论这件事。(3)He liked my old typewriter so much，thus I presented it to him/presented him with it.他非常喜欢我的旧打字机，因此我把它送给了他。易错点拨 present 作前置定语时，意为“目前的” ；作后置定语时，意为“出席的，在场的” 。absen

22、t adj.心 不 在 焉 的 ； 缺 席 的 ； 不 在 的 ； 缺 乏 的7(1)be absent from缺席(2)absence n.C& U 缺席；不在某处； C缺乏absence of mind心不在焉in sb. s absence某人不在时in the absence of sth. 缺乏某物(1)He failed in the exam because of his absence of mind.他因心不在焉而考试不及格。(2)In the absence of wolves，coyote populations also grew quickly.(2017全国)没有

23、了(灰)狼，郊狼的数量也迅速增加。(3)He was absent from the meeting for one reason or another.他因为某种原因而没有出席会议。(4)同义句改写 The decision was made while I was not there.The decision was made in my absence.易错点拨(1)absence通常为不可数名词，但表示缺席或离开的次数或时间时，为可数名词。(2)表示“做某事缺席” ，其后通常接介词 from。get (sth.) across (to sb.)让 某 人 理 解 (某 物 )get o

24、n/along with与相处；进展get over克服get down to doing sth. 开始做某事get through打通电话；通过考试 ；渡过难关(1)How are you getting along with your French?(2)Its time that I got down to thinking(think) about my future.(3)I think the problem can be got over without too much difficulty.(4)Hes not very good at getting his ideas

25、across.(5)I finally managed to get through my driving test.put forward提 议 ， 提 出 ； 推 荐 ； 将 提 前 ； 拨 快 钟 表 put aside把放到一边；储存put off推迟；延期put up with忍受；容忍8put away把收拾好；整理；储蓄put on穿上；上演；增加put up搭建；张贴；为提供住宿put down放下；写下；镇压写出下列句子中 put forward的汉语意思(1)Put your watch forward；its five minutes slow.拨快(2)I think

26、he is fit for the position；therefore ，Ill put him forward as a candidate.推荐(3)They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.将提前(4)Over the years several similar theories have been put forward.提出take in拿 进 来 ； 包 括 ； 吸 收 ； 吸 入 ； 收 留 ， 留 宿 ； 接 纳 ； 理 解 ； 欺 骗 ； 参 观 ； 观 看take off起飞；脱下；迅速流行；事

27、业等 步入正轨，腾飞take over接管；继承；支配take on呈现；雇用take up开始从事；继续；拿起；占据take down拿下；写下；记下写出下列句子中 take in的汉语意思(1)Dont be taken in by products claiming to help you lose weight in a week.欺骗(2)Gazing up into his eyes，she seemed to take in all he said.领会，理解(3)He was homeless，so we took him in.收留(4)They will certainly

28、 need to take in plenty of liquid.吸收(5)They continued a few miles further to take in Hinton House.参观(6)The tour takes in six European capitals.包括，包含根据语境用上述短语的正确形式填空(7)At the age of 18，he took over his fathers company.As a chief manager，he took in a number of talents，which made his company take on a

29、new look.At last，his career took off.18 岁时，他接管了父亲的公司。作为总经理，他吸纳了大量人才，这使他的公司呈现出新的面貌。最终，他的事业步入正轨。be absorbed in全 神 贯 注 于 (1)be absorbed by/into为所吸收；被吞并(吸9引)(2)absorb ones attention吸引某人的注意absorb.from.从中吸收(1)In this case，try to push away your thoughts until youre absorbed(absorb) in what your friend is s

30、aying.(2018河南南阳一中模拟)(2)This plant absorbed water from the earth around it.句式升级(3)He was absorbed in TV so that he forgot to sleep.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)Absorbed in TV，he forgot to sleep.易错点拨 be absorbed in结构在句中作状语或定语时，常用 absorbed in.形式。类似的结构还有：be lost in，be caught in，be buried in，be devoted to，be occupied i

31、n，be involved in 等。Every time before an examination，I am so upset.Im afraid I may fail the exam and cant live up to my teachers expectations.每次考试前我都非常烦躁，害怕考试不及格而辜负了老师的期望。句 型 ： every time引 导 时 间 状 语 从 句every time相当于 each time，是名词短语用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每当的时候” 。常见的可用作从属连词的名词短语或副词还有：(1)the first time第一次时(

32、the) next time下次时any time任何时候the last time上次时(2)the minute/moment/instant一就(3)immediately/instantly/directly一就(1)“Every/Each time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.”This is what my mother used to tell me.妈妈过去常常告诉我， “每次吃甜品的时候，喝点绿茶。 ”(2)The next time/Next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news

33、，think about why you want to gossip.下次你想传播最新消息时，想想你传播流言的原因。(3)On/Upon hearing what he said，I couldnt hold back my tears.一听到他说的话，10我热泪盈眶。一句多译 众所周知，开卷有益。(4)As is known，something is learned every/each time a book is opened.(every/each time)(5)As is known，something is learned the moment/minute/instant a

34、 book is opened.(the瞬间名词)Every time light moves into a material with a new speed，it bends and scatters(散射).(2015北京)每次光以一种新的速度穿过一种物质时，它就会发生折射和散射。易错点拨 for the first time在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。I prefer to fail rather than cheat in the exam.我宁愿考试不及格，也不愿意考试作弊。句 型 ： prefer to do.rather than do.(1)pre

35、fer to do.rather than do.宁可做也不做prefer doing/to do.更喜欢做prefer sb. to do.更喜欢让某人做prefer sth. /doing.to sth. /doing.与相比更喜欢(2)preference n.偏爱；优先权；偏爱的事物have a preference for.偏爱(1)Rather than talk(talk) with his mother，he prefers to be(be) always on the phone，sleep，stay in his room or go out with his frien

36、ds.(2)Unlike fast-food places，fine dining shops prefer customers to stay(stay) longer and spend.(2018江苏)(3)A teacher should not have a preference for any one of his pupils.(4)一句多译 她宁愿跟我们一起去也不愿留下来。11She preferred going with us to staying behind.(prefer.to.)She preferred to go with us rather than stay

37、 behind.(prefer.rather than.)She would rather go with us than stay behind.(would rather.than.)She would go with us rather than stay behind.(would.rather than.)It really benefited me a lot to review what had been taught after class.课后复习已学过的知识真的让我受益匪浅。句 型 ： what引 导 宾 语 从 句(1)what引导宾语从句既可作动词宾语，也可作介词宾语，

38、what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。(2)what引导宾语从句时，既可表示疑问的意思，也可不具有疑问的意义，可表示 “的话/事/地方/速度/等” 。(3)what和 that引导的宾语从句的区别：what 在从句中承担成分，而 that在从句中不承担成分，只起连接主、从句的作用。(1)Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.(2)Its good to know that the dogs will be well cared for whil

39、e were away.(3)Portable videophones will show us what is happening at the other end of the line.单句改错(4)After seemed a century，the door opened and the doctors came out.whenwhat(5)Popular music is every student in our classroom likes.whichwhat(2018全国)12During my second year at the city college，I was t

40、old that the education department was offering a “free” course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits.I 41 the idea of taking the class because，after all，who doesnt want to 42 a few dollars？More than that， Id always wanted to learn chess.And，even if I werent 43 enough about free credits，news about

41、our 44 was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster，which 45 I would be learning from one of the games 46 .I could hardly wait to 47 him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart，a former graduate returning to teach，and this 48 was no game for him；he meant business.In his introduction，he m

42、ade it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to 50 the class，among other criteria，we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and， 52 ，to our lives.I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well b

43、eyond the 54 .Ten years after my chess class with Ashley，Im still putting to use what he 55 me： “The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 .On every single move you have to 58 a situation，process what your opponent(对手) is doing and 59 the best move from

44、 among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist.41.A.put forward B.jumped atC.tried out D.turned down答案 B解析 根据上文中的“offering a free course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits”以及下文中的“Id always wanted to learn chess”可知，参加国际象棋课程是免费的并且可以获得三个学分，而且“我”一直想学国际象棋，由此可知，

45、“我”迫不及待地接受(jump at)了这个主意。put forward提出；try out试验；turn down拒绝。42.A.waste B.earnC.save D.pay答案 C解析 联系上文中的“a free course”可知，这是免费的课程，因此可以节省(save)几美元。1343.A.excited B.worriedC.moved D.tired答案 A解析 联系下文中的“appealing enough to me”可知，即使免费获得学分这件事不足以让“我”兴奋(excited)，也有其他事情对“我”有足够的吸引力。44.A.title B.competitorC.tex

46、tbook D.instructor答案 D解析 联系下文中的“He was an international grandmaster(他是一位国际象棋大师)”可知，有关我们国际象棋课程的导师(instructor)的消息足以吸引“我” 。title 标题；competitor对手；textbook 课本。45.A.urged B.demandedC.held D.meant答案 D解析 国际象棋课程的导师是国际象棋大师，这就意味着(mean)“我”将跟随下国际象棋最好的人之一学习。urge 强烈要求；demand(坚决)要求；hold 持有。46.A.fastest B.easiestC.b

47、est D.rarest答案 C解析 联系上文中的“international grandmaster”可知，他是下国际象棋最好的(best)人之一。47.A.interview B.meetC.challenge D.beat答案 B解析 联系上文可知，国际象棋课程的导师吸引着“我” ，所以“我”迫不及待地想见到(meet)他。interview 采访，面试；challenge 挑战；beat 击败。48.A.chance B.qualificationC.honor D.job答案 D解析 联系空后的“was no game for him；he meant business”可知，这项工

48、作(job)对他而言不是游戏，而是正经职业。chance 机会；qualification 资格；honor 荣誉。49.A.real B.perfectC.clear D.possible答案 C14解析 联系空后的“that our credits would be hard-earned”可知，他向我们明确表示(make it clear that)这门课程的学分很难获得。50.A.attend B.passC.skip D.observe答案 B解析 由上文中的“our credits would be hard-earned”及下文中的“among other criteria，we

49、 had to write a paper”可知，此处指为了通过(pass)这门课程，除了其他标准， “我们”还要写一篇论文。attend 参加；skip 跳过；observe 观察。51.A.add B.exposeC.apply D.compare答案 C解析 联系空后的“to our future professions”可知， “我们”的论文是关于“我们”打算如何将课堂上所学的东西应用(apply)到未来的职业中的。apply.to.将应用到，符合语境。add.to.向添加；expose.to.使暴露在；compare.to.把比作。52.A.eventually B.naturallyC.directly D.normally答案 A解析 联系空后的“to ou