（全国）2020高考英语大一轮复习话题版主题语境Unit4个人情况（四）讲义.doc

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1、1个人情况.单词拼写 1.But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost.I could hardly wait to try this adventure(冒险) again.(2018天津)2.The industry has also taken aim(目标) at the product that has appeared as its replacement.(2018浙江)3.The proposal attempts(尝试) to deal with what some call the

2、“death valley” of autonomous vehicles.(2017天津)4.Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid(避免) ever climbing at all.(2018天津)5.If you are a student studying the arts，chances (机会) are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B.(2018江苏)6.It is well worth making an effort(努力) to

3、promote the public awareness of environmental protection.7.I thought of my headteacher one day, who always encouraged(鼓励) us not to lose heart and be hopeful about the future when we were in trouble.8.In view of his educational background and experience(经历), no one doubts his suitability as a leader

4、.9.It found many youngsters now measure(衡量) their status by how much public approval they get online，often through “likes”.(2018江苏)10.Though he had tried to overcome(战胜) his shyness, he didnt make it in the end.11.For this purpose(目的 )，select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter.(2018全

5、国)12.Moth，meanwhile，after an initial struggle(挣扎)，found his symptoms were strangely reduced by their daily tiring journey.(2018江苏).单句语法填空1.What I saw was completely(complete) unlike anything I had experienced in the past.This newness just left me wanting more.(2017全国)22.J.K.Rowling donates 30 millio

6、n to help the disadvantaged(disadvantage) children.3.Children became increasingly anxious(anxiety) about switching off due to the constant demands of social media.4.At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving，but eventually he gave in as she was so confident(confidence) about her skills.5.He

7、was disabled from birth，but he never felt frustrated.Nor did he give in to any difficulty(difficult).6.A quick review of successes and failures(fail) at the end of year will help shape your year ahead.(2017江苏)7.For this courier job，youre consciously aware that in that box youve got something that is

8、 potentially(potential) going to save somebodys life.(2016全国)8.Our own experience working together on health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding(reward) parts of our lives.(2016四川)9.No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition (ambitious)，energy and l

9、uck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.(2018浙江)10.A successful(success) arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect(连锁反应) throughout a community.(2018江苏).单句改错(每小题仅有 1处错误)1.My aim is to the world of literature and the world of great writers exploringexploreto cultivate my mind.2.The boys made att

10、empt to leave for camping but were stopped by their anparents.3.The two lost boys happened to come into a cave where they discovered some very valuable pre-historical rock paintings by the chance.4.All the noise makes it hard for me to fully concentrate the book Im atontrying to read.5.Thanks to the

11、 support of her friends and relatives，her dream of establishing a shelter for the disadvantaged has been come true.36.Driverless cars may end up a form of public transport rather than bebeingvehicles you own.(2017天津).选词填空fight for， lose heart， go through， make progress， reach a compromise1.Children

12、should be encouraged to reach a compromise between what they want and what they are expected.2.This generous love，encourages people all around the world to fight for the well-being of all people fearlessly.3.You will never know what she went through to educate her children.4.It was my English teache

13、r who encouraged me not to lose heart when I was faced with difficulties in my English learning.5.To make progress at a reasonable rate，youll need to commit at least an hour a day to practice the piano.turn out， pay off， stick to， take pains to， make up ones mind6.If you work out bright and early in

14、 the morning，you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.(2018全国)7.With so many reference books on this romantic poet for me to choose from，I cant make up my mind which to choose.8.Receiving a good education is rather costly but it should pay off in the long run.9.Chi

15、na is taking pains to ensure the action taken to protect the environment effectively. 10.New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.同义词语替换1.Travel not only gives me the opportunity to understand the world，but also brings me to achieve the dream of expl

16、oring different scenery.realize2.Difficult as the task was，he still stuck to it and took pains to complete it.made every effort3.Surprisingly，there is little evidence to back up this opinion that keeping a vegetarian diet can benefit the health and fight against heart disease.support4.I find it hard

17、 to concentrate on my studies with some people having small talks around me.focus on45.They will start a campaign to encourage awareness of environmental issues.promoteachieve vt.完 成 ； 达 到(1)achieve ones aims/goals达到目标achieve success获得成功(2)achievement n.成就；功业；完成；达到a sense of achievement成就感make great

18、 achievements取得巨大的成功(1)Seeing the lines of trees we had planted, we all had a real sense of achievement(成就感).(2)He was offering a way for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams(实现我们的梦想).(2016江苏)(3)In the last few years，China has made great achievements(取得了巨大成就) in environmental protection.易错点

19、拨achievement作“完成，达到”解时为不可数名词；作“成就，功绩”解时是可数名词。attempt n.& v.企 图 ； 试 图 ； 尝 试 ； 努 力(1)attempt to do.尝试(试图)做(2)make an attempt to do/(at) doing.尝试做at the first attempt第一次尝试(3)attempted adj.未遂的(1)In an attempt to encourage the students to do some reading and provide the students with more good books，our

20、school is planning to hold the Reading Festival in the library next Friday.(2)Police say theyre treating it as a case of attempted(attempt) murder.(3)I passed my driving test at the first attempt(第一次尝试). 5(4)同义句改写 They attempted to climb (climb) that hill.They made an attempt to climb/(at) climbing

21、that hill.avoid v.避 免 ； 回 避1avoid doing.避免做2avoidable adj.可避免的(1)Deaths caused by careless driving are avoidable (avoid).(2)CCTV says that a storm will hit our city.In order to avoid being caught(catch)，we must take our raincoat with us.(3)单句改错 She avoids on dark streets at night.walkedwalking易错点拨(1

22、)avoid后接动词时要用动名词，不接不定式，且后不接 that从句。(2)avoid通常指“成功地避免” ，如果表示“企图避免” ，应用 try to avoid。challenge n.挑战；难题；质疑vt.挑战；怀疑(1)meet/face/issue a challenge应对/面临/发起挑战(2)challenge sb. to (do) sth. 向某人挑战(做)某事(3)challenging adj.有挑战性的；有吸引力的challenged adj.受到挑战的(1)She gave him a challenging (challenge) look. “Are you re

23、ally sure？” she demanded.(2)The opposition leader challenged the prime minister to call(call) an election.(3)I challenged him to a game of tennis.熟词生义 选择句子中 challenge的汉语意思(4)I did not think he was right，so I challenged him. A 6A.质疑 B.驳斥 C.挑战cost v.使付费；价钱为；使损失n.价格；费用；代价(1)at the cost of以为代价at a cost

24、of以的费用/价格at any cost(at all costs) 以任何代价，不惜一切代价(2)cost sb. sth. 使某人失去(1)We must at all costs/at any cost prevent them from finding out about the plan.我们必须不惜一切代价阻止他们发现这个计划。(2)He saved his daughter from the fire，but only at the cost of his own life.他从大火中救出了他的女儿，但却牺牲了自己的生命。(3)He bought the piano at a c

25、ost of 500 dollars.他花 500美元买下了这架钢琴。(4)One mistake cost him his job.一个错误让他丢了工作。desire n.渴望；欲望；渴求；渴望的人或物vt.希望得到；想要(1)have a strong desireError!(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事desire sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事desire that.(should) do.渴望(3)desirable adj.理想的；值得拥有的；可取的(1)He desired to bring(bring) back the so-called

26、 new four inventions back to his home country.7(2)She has a strong desire for knowledge and wants to go to college very much.(3)一句多译 他母亲希望他成为一名老师。His mother desired him to be/become a teacher.His mother desired that he (should) be/become a teacher. 易错点拨 desire 不用于进行时态，后接宾语从句或同位语从句，从句中谓语动词用“should动词原

27、形” ，should 可省略。devote vt.献 身 ； 致 力 ； 专 心 ； 把 用 于(1)devote.to.把致力于，专心于devote oneself to献身于；致力于(2)devoted adj.挚爱的；忠实的，忠诚的be devoted to致力于；献身于；热爱(3)devotion n.奉献；关照；忠诚(1)Most children long for and need a loving，devoted(devote) and responsible father.(2018黑龙江哈尔滨三中二模)(2)Only when we realize the importanc

28、e of helping each other can we be devoted to building(build) a harmonious society.句式升级(3)He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around.Devoting himself to community activities，he was praised by the people around.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)Devoted to community activities，he was p

29、raised by the people around.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)guarantee vt.保证；担保n.保证；担保；保修单(1)guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事guarantee to do sth. /that.保证做某事；确保be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定会；必定8会(2)under guarantee在保修期内give sb. a guarantee that.向某人担保/保证(1)I guarantee to pay(pay) off his debts.(2)The car is less than a year old，

30、so it is still under guarantee.(3)一句多译 我们保证在一周内将货物送到。We guarantee to deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee v.；简单句)We guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee v.；复合句)We give a guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee n.)insist vi.&vt.坚 持 认 为 ； 坚 决 主 张i

31、nsist on/upon doing sth. 坚持 做某事insist that.坚持认为；坚决要求(1)The doctor insisted that she was(be) seriously ill and that she (should) be operated(operate) on immediately.(2)一句多译 他坚持要我同他一起去。He insisted that I (should) go with him.He insisted on me/my going with him.He insisted on it that I (should) go with

32、 him.易错点拨(1)insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气；表示“坚决主张，坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should) do” 。(2)insist后面既不接不定式也不接动名词，遇此情况要用 insist on/upon。insist 后也不接带不定式的复合结构。manage v.设 法 做 成 ， 努 力 完 成 ； 管 理 ， 经 营 ； 控 制 ， 对 付(1)manage to do设法做manage it能做到manage sth. 经营/管理(2)succeed in doing.成功地做成9了try to do.努力做(不

33、一定成功)(1)Later，engineers managed to construct(construct) railways in a system of deep tunnels，which became known as the Tube.(2017全国)(2)The box is heavy，but I can manage it(拿得动).prove v.证 实 ； 证 明 ； 连 系 动 词 证 明 是(1)prove sth. to sb. 向某人证明某事prove (to be) n./adj.证明是；结果是(prove 为系动词)provethat/wh- 从句 证明It

34、is proved that.经证明(2)proof n.证明；证据同义句改写(1)The report proves its truth.The report proves it to be true.The report proves that it is true.句式升级(2)This method is proved to be more efficient.(用 it作形式主语改写)It is proved that this method is more efficient.易错点拨 prove 用作不及物动词，具有连系动词的性质，其后可接名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式(主要是

35、to be，且 to be可省略)等。reflect v.映 照 ； 反 射 ； 思 考(1)reflect.in在中映出的影像be reflected in倒映在；反映在reflect on/upon反省/思考某事(2)reflection n.C映像；反映；U反射；思考，考虑be lost in reflection陷入深思中on reflection再三考虑(1)She could see her face reflected(reflect) in the water.(2)The likely reactions of the market need to be reflected

36、on (upon)/reflecting 10on (upon)(思考) before we act.(3)一句多译 你对服饰的选择反映了你的性格特点。Your choice of clothes reflects your personality.(reflect v.)Your choice of clothes is a reflection of your personality.(reflection n.)reward v.酬谢；奖励，奖赏n.奖金；回报；报酬(1)reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人reward sb. with s

37、th. 用某物奖赏/回报某人(2)in reward for为奖赏；为报答as a reward for作为对的奖赏/回报(3)rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有意义的(1)Last weekend, I fixed up a wooden flower shelf for my family when Dad was away on business, which was really a rewarding(reward) experience.(2)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their e

38、fforts will be rewarded with success in the end.(2016北京)学生们一直努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得成功的。(3)Id like to do something in reward for/as a reward for her kindness.我想做点什么来报答她的好意。risk vt.冒的危险n.危险；风险(1)risk sth. /doing sth. 冒着的危险(2)at risk处于危险之中at the risk of doing sth. 冒着的风险take/run the risk of doing sth. 冒着的危险1

39、1(3)risky adj.危险的一句多译(1)他受到了赞扬，因为他冒着生命危险扑灭了大火。He was praised because he risked losing his life to put out the big fire.He was praised because he took/ran the risk of losing his life to put out the big fire.He was praised because he put out the big fire at the risk of losing his life.(2)同义句改写 I wonde

40、red if I was putting my life at risk.I wondered if I was putting my life in danger.go through经 历 ； 经 受 ； 完 成 ； 通 过 ； 检 查 ； 用 完go over复习go out出去；熄灭go against违背；违反go up上涨；上升go ahead前进；干吧；说吧go without没有也可应付；将就写出下列句子中 go through的汉语意思(1)He went through many difficulties, which didnt cast him down. 经历(2)C

41、ars are not allowed to go through the city centre.通过，穿过(3)It didnt take Albert very long to go through his money.用完(4)She went through the companys accounts，looking for evidence of fraud(欺诈).检查；审核owe sth. to sb. 欠 某 人 某 物 ； 把 归 功 于 某 人(1)owe sb. sth. owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物；把归功于某人owe it to sb. that./t

42、o do.把归功于某人(2)owing to由于(1)My English teacher is such a great soul，to whom I owe many thanks.(2)I owe it to him that I finished my work in time.(3)Owing to the bad weather(由于天气不好)，this mornings flight will be delayed.12stick to坚 持 ， 信 守 to为 介 词 be/get stuck in陷入；困在中stick out伸出；探出；醒目，显眼stick by忠于；遵守；

43、继续坚持stick up for支持；维护(1)All his life，he was stuck(stick) in his house taken care of by his mother.(2018黑龙江哈尔滨六中二模)(2)Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time，no matter the day.(2017全国)(3)Carefultheres a nail sticking out of(突出) that board.It may be many years before your hard work pays off.可 能 要 很

44、 多 年 你 的 努 力 才 会 有 回 报 。句 型 ： It is/was.before.(1)before用作连词，引导时间状语从句，除了表示“在之前”以外，还可以表示“(之后)才；不久就；不等就” 。(2)句型归纳：It wont be.before.用不了多长时间就会(before 从句用一般现在时)It will be.before.得过多久才(before 从句用一般现在时)It wasnt.before.没过多长时间就(before 从句用一般过去时)It was.before.过了多长时间才(before 从句用一般过去时)(1)The result is that peop

45、le stop driving before they really need to.(2017全国)结果是人们在还没真正需要停止前就停止驾驶了。(2)It wasnt long before he learned to use the computer.不久他就学会了使用计算机。(3)If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。Dont admit defeat until you really have to.不到万不得已就不要承认失败。13句 型

46、 ： not.until.(1)until引导时间状语从句，如果主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成 not.until.结构。(2)在 not.until.句型结构中，可以把 not until提到句首，句子用倒装语序。(3)not.until.句型的强调句式为：It is/was not until.that.。(1)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.

47、巴赫于 1750年去世，但是直到 19世纪初期他的音乐才能才完全被认可。(2)It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life until we have actually had that lesson.我们很难汲取生活中的经验教训，直到我们真正得到了这一教训。句式升级(3)I didnt pursue my career as an actress until I finished my studies.Not until I finished my studies did I pursue my career as an actress.(

48、倒装句)It was not until I finished my studies that I pursued my career as an actress.(强调句)(2016江苏，D)Not so long ago，most people didnt know who Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce was going to become.She was just an average high school athlete.There was every indication that she was just another Jamaican teenager w

49、ithout much of a future.However，one person wanted to change this.Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly-Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness.Her times were not exactly impressive，but even so，he sensed there was something trying to get out，something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed