浙江省2019年高考英语二轮复习专题四语法填空讲义.doc

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1、1语法填空语法填空真题检测(一) 2018 年 6月浙江高考Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese_56_ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.Many westerners_57_ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap_58_ can be to eat out.I still remember_59_ (vi

2、sit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I_60_ (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.While regularly eating out seems to _61_ (become)common for many young people in recent years, its not without a cost.The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be_6

3、2_ (afford) but doing this most days adds up.There could be an even _63_ (high) cost on your health.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _64_ (weigh) problems.If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest

4、 that the next time you go to your mums home_65_ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.Cooking food can be fun.You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.语篇解读：作者讲述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。56dishes 考查名词复数。中式菜肴有很多种，故此处用 dish的复数形式。57who/that 考查

5、定语从句的关系词。先行词是 Many westerners (很多西方人)，在从句中作主语，故填 who或者 that。58it 考查代词。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语“to eat out” 。59visiting 考查非谓语动词。remember doing sth.意为“记得做过某事” 。60was shocked 考查动词的时态和语态。根据后面的 learnt可知，此处说的是过去的事，故用一般过去时；又因为 I与 shock之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。61have become 考查非谓语动词。根据时间状语“in recent years”可知，此处用不定式的完成式，

6、故填 have become。62affordable 考查形容词。根据前面的 be可知，此处是系表结构，应用形容词；根据“eating out once or twice a week”并结合常识可知应是“负担得起的(affordable)”。263higher 考查形容词比较级。根据 even并结合语境可知，此处表示“更高的代价”，故用 high的比较级 higher。64weight 考查名词。此处应用名词作定语修饰 problems, weight problems意为“体重问题” 。65for 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处应用介词 for表示目的。语法填空真题检测(二) 2017 年

7、 11月浙江高考Easy Ways to Build VocabularyIts not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, its _56_ ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that theres enough room for improvement, _57_ means youll just keep getting better and better. Of course you h

8、ave to work at it. You wouldnt think that a few _58_ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough _59_ the rest of your life, and thats also true for building your vocabulary you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.One of the _60_ (effec

9、t) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to _61_ (real) read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic. This isnt as hard as it _62_ (sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while _63_ (read) an interesting piece of literatu

10、re. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and _64_ (they) use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words _65_ (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了积累词汇的一些方法。56an 考查冠词。此处表示积累词汇是一个持续的过程，因为此处表示泛指，且单词 ongoing的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词 an。57whic

11、h 考查非限制性定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为空前的整句话，且空处在从句中作主语，故填 which。58months 考查名词复数。根据空前的 a few及 month为可数名词可知，此处表示“几个月的锻炼” ，故用 month的复数形式。59for 考查介词。青少年时代几个月的锻炼对你的余生来说是不够的。故此处应用介词 for，表示“对来说” 。60effective 考查形容词。根据空后的 ways可知，此处作定语需要用形容词，意为“有效的” ，故填 effective。361really 考查副词。你在一周内至少需要真正地读一本好书，最好是一部名

12、著。此处应用副词 really修饰动词 read。62sounds 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。这并不像听起来那样难。分析句子结构可知，在第二个 as引导的从句中 it是主语，且根据上文的 isnt和全文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填 sounds。63reading 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，在 while引导的时间状语从句中，动词 read的逻辑主语是 you，与其构成主谓关系，故填现在分词 reading。64their 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空后的 use是名词，故需要用形容词性物主代词修饰，故填 their。65learned/learnt 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结

13、构可知，learn 与 the words之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词作后置定语。语法填空旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法知识的掌握情况，着重考查考生的语言综合运用能力。其“突出语篇，强调运用”的命题思路不仅充分体现了语言测试的交际性原则，也很好地体现了高中英语课程改革的教学理念。一、命题特点要知晓1短文特点语法填空的文体以说明文、记叙文为主，语篇材料难度适中，约 200个词。文章挖掉10个空后，要求考生按照句子结构的语法性和上下文的连贯性，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。2设题形式语法填空的设题形式可分为两大类：一是有提示词类，有提示词设空一般为

14、 67 个。提示词常是实词，即名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词。在这五类词中，出现频率较高的是动词，其次为形容词以及副词。二是无提示词类，主要考查介词、连词、冠词、代词等。考点设置见下表：(1)有提示词类：设置 67 个小题谓语动词12 题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。非谓语动词12 题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设 1题。高频考点派生词 13 题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、4形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设 1题。名词 01 题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。形容词和副词类01 题。主要考查形容词和

15、副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。低频考点代词：01 题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。(2)无提示词类：设置 34 个小题介词01 题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。冠词01 题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。高频考点从属关联词02 题。侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句也偶有涉及。并列连词01 题。并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。低频考点其他01 题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的 do, does, did；构成部分倒装的 do, does, did；构成

16、一般疑问句的 do, does, did)，构成强调结构的 it或 that，连接性副词(thus, however, still .)等。二、3 类因素易干扰一些考生常在语法填空中出错而失分，主要是因为考生受到如下因素的制约：1受母语的干扰汉语和英语两者既有相同点，也有不同处。其不同之处往往也就是考生学习的难点，如果考生不善于将这两门不同的语言进行分析对比，往往会受母语影响而出现失误，这在心理学上称为知识的“负迁移”效应。例如：_ the help of the teacher, I have made great progress in my English.根据汉语句意，此句意为“在老师

17、的帮助下，我在英语方面取得了巨大进步。 ”考生易误填 Under，但根据英语用法，要填 With才对。2受“思维定式”的干扰“思维定式”是人的主观能动性的表现，利用其影响，可以大大提高我们认识和解决问题的能力和速度，我们所谓的“经验丰富”大多指此。但如果不知变通，不能正确、灵活地加以运用，就容易受“思维定式”的干扰而犯经验主义的错误。例如：一个高中生说，I _ (study) in that junior high school for 3 years.5考生看到 for 3 years，知道这表示 “一段时间” ，凭以往经验，就会用现在完成时，填 have studied。但现在完成时跟一段

18、时间是表示动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在。显然，高中生已经离开初中了，已经不在那所初中学习了，因而这样填是错的，正确答案应该是 studied。3受句子变式的干扰一般来说，考生对陈述句、含主动语态的句子等较为熟悉，而对疑问句、含被动语态的句子、倒装句或者带有插入语的句子掌握不牢，容易出错。例如：When was it _ you met Li Ming at the railway station?对于这样的句子，考生如果不能分析句子结构，自然就辨别不出这是什么句型，就会容易填错。其实只要细加分析，就知道这是强调句的特殊疑问句，强调的是时间，但把疑问词 when放在句首了，所以空处应该填 th

19、at。三、题型技法要用好语法填空题是集知识与能力为一体的综合性题型。在解题时要遵循一定的解题步骤，切忌边读边填、脱离语篇、片面作答。有提示词类1提示词为动词解题技巧：首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。技巧 1：若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已经有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词，就要考虑动词的时态、语态和主谓一致，有时还需考虑虚拟语气。典例 (20186 月浙江高考)I still remember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I _60_ (shock) when I le

20、arnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.分析：was shocked 分析句子结构可知，空处为第二个分句的谓语动词。根据后面的learnt可知，此处说的是过去的事，故用一般过去时；又因为 I与 shock之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。技巧 2：若句子中已经有谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。6若是非谓语动词就要根据所学过的非谓语动词知识来确定是 v.ing形式， v.ed形式，还是不定式。典例 (20176 月浙江高考)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamon

21、d ring _61_ (cook) a meal.分析：to cook 分析句子结构可知，此处作非谓语，用不定式表示“目的” ，意为“去掉戒指以做饭” ，故填 to cook。技巧 3：有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。典例 (2018全国卷)This switch has decreased _66_ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoir

22、s and made drinking water safer for people.分析：pollution 分析句子成分可知，空格前面有谓语动词 has decreased，其后缺少宾语，故填名词 pollution。2提示词为名词所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。典例 1 (20186 月浙江高考)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese_56_ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.分析：dis

23、hes dish 作“菜肴”讲是可数名词，中式菜肴有很多，故此处用复数形式。典例 2 (2018全国卷)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _68_ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.分析：strengthen 分析句子成分可知，此处为不定式作目的状语，故填 strength的动词形式 strengthen。3提示词为形容词或副词当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副

24、词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。典例 1 (20186 月浙江高考)There could be an even _63_ (high) cost on your health.分析：higher 根据空前的 even并结合语境可知，此处表示“更高的代价” ，故用high的比较级形式。7典例 2 (2018全国卷)A taste for meat is _63_ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and catt

25、le.分析：actually 分析句子成分可知，空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词 is应用副词。故填 actually。4提示词为代词所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。典例 1 (2018全国卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _68_ (they) alive.分析：them 因空处作动词 find的宾语，故应填人称代词的宾格形式，即 them。典例 2 (20176 月浙江高考)Pahlsson s

26、creamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt _59_ (I)， ” says Pahlsson.分析：myself 根据语境可知，hurt 这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用 I的反身代词形式，意为“她认为我伤到了我自己” ，故填 myself。无提示词类纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词。解题技巧：首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填写哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填写什么词，或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定

27、具体用哪个连词。技巧 1：在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，填代词。典例 (2017全国卷)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using _67_ every day.分析：it use 是及物动词，其后接宾语，故此处应用代词指代前面提到的 the railway，故填 it。技巧 2：名词前面，若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等)，极有可能填限定词。典例 (20176 月浙江高考)For

28、Pahlsson, its return was _65_ wonder.分析：a 此处表示“一个奇迹” ，所以需要用不定冠词 a表泛指。技巧 3：名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般填介词。典例 (20186 月浙江高考)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home_65_ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.8分析：for go to your mums home f

29、or dinner“去你妈妈家吃饭” 。for 表示目的，意为“为了要，为了得到” 。技巧 4：(1)当空格前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时，空格处一般是填并列连词。(2)当空格前后为两个句子，且其中一个句子在另一句中充当某一句子成分时，空格处应填从属关联词。一般情况下，考查的是定语从句的关联词，有时也考查名词性从句或状语从句的关联词。典例 1 (2018全国卷)Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve wat

30、er quality. Corn uses less water _65_ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.分析：than 根据比较级 less可知，此处将玉米和水稻用水量进行比较，需填连词than。典例 2 (20186 月浙江高考)Many westerners_57_ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.分析：who/that 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语

31、从句，修饰 Many westerners，并在从句中作主语，故填 who/that。技巧 5：由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。特殊句式包括强调句型、it 句型、倒装句型等，我们可以根据特殊句式的结构来判断应填什么词。典例 1 (2018天津高考改编)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.分析：that 分析句子结构可知，这是一个强调句，强调时间状语 when the car .，故填 that。典例 2 _ with hard work can

32、 you expect to get a pay rise.分析：Only 句意为“只有通过辛勤工作，你才能期望加到工资” ，本句是倒装句，所以填 Only。以上仅对语法填空中的主要情况进行概括式技巧点拨，在做语法填空题时，还应注意英语中的固定句型、固定搭配等。共设 6套专题训练，各占一页，学生可灵活利用课堂及课下时间，可两套合练，也可9单套训练。 语法填空模拟检测(一)(共 3篇，限时 35分钟)A(2018金丽衢十二校联考)Mr.James owns a company.He put an _1_(advertise) in a newspaper for a boy to work in

33、 his office.Out of nearly fifty people _2_ came to apply, the man selected one and dismissed _3_ others.“I would like to know， ” said a friend, “the reason you preferred that boy, who brought neither a single letter, _4_ a single recommendation.”“You are wrong， ” said the gentleman.“He had many.He w

34、iped his feet at the door and closed the door behind him, _5_ (mean) that he was careful.He gave his seat immediately to an old man, showing that he was kind and _6_ (thought)He took off his cap when he came in and answered my questions quickly, showing that he was a polite gentleman.Everyone else s

35、tepped over the book that I _7_ (put) on the floor purposely.He picked _8_ up and placed it on the table, and he waited quietly for his turn instead of pushing and crowding.When I talked to him, I noticed his tidy clothing, his _9_ (neat) brushed hair, and his clean finger mails.Cant you see that th

36、ese are excellent recommendations? I considered them to be more significant than _10_ (letter) ”Hearing the words, the friend nodded in agreement.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述男孩在应聘过程中的表现，说明了有很多好的品质会在一个人平时的行为中体现出来。1advertisement 考查名词。由空前的冠词 an可知，此处用 advertise的名词形式。2who/that 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 people，并在从句中作

37、主语，故填 who/that。3the 考查冠词。James 录取了一个，解散了其他应聘者。the others“其他应聘者” 。4nor 考查固定搭配。neither . nor . “既不也不” ，是固定搭配。5meaning 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填非谓语动词，再结合语境可知，此处应用现在分词作状语。6thoughtful 考查形容词。空处与 kind并列作表语，故应用形容词。7had put 考查动词的时态。此处指“我”早先故意放在地上的书本。put 表示的10动作发生在 stepped over这个过去动作之前，表示过去的过去，故应用过去完成时。8it 考查代词。此

38、处指前面提过的那本书，用 it来代替。9neatly 考查副词。修饰形容词，应用副词形式。10letters 考查名词复数。此处指那些推荐信，因为不止一封，故应用复数形式。B(2018宁波市上学期期末)Visiting Xian was once my dream.It became a reality when I was admitted to a training course in China along with two other _1_ (lady)Finally, the day arrived _2_ I landed at Xianyang International Ai

39、rport in early August.As soon as I landed, I _3_ (feel) a change in the atmosphere.I saw people standing in queues _4_ (wait) for their turn at the immigration desk.Afterwards, we were transported to the office in the International Exhibition Center.China had invited participants _5_ twentythree dev

40、eloping countries to share digital television broadcasting techniques with them.In my 20 days in Xian, I got the opportunity to observe Chinese culture closely, _6_ thus it left an unforgettable mark on me.Now, Xian is like my second home.Since I came back to Pakistan, I have been missing Xian _7_ (

41、bad)My 20day stay in Xian was _8_ great experience.It was a learning opportunity, and also a chance to _9_ (broad) my understanding of diversity.I learned that despite differences of colors, heights, races and religions, all human beings _10_ (tie) by the bond of humanity, and that the future of nat

42、ions is global with development and peace.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过去西安参加一个培训课程，增加了对中国文化的了解，并感叹文化是不分国界和种族的。1ladies 考查名词复数。数词 two后应接可数名词的复数形式，故填 ladies。2when 考查状语从句。句意：八月初，当我降落到咸阳国际机场时，那一天终于到来了。设空处引导时间状语从句，故填 when。3felt 考查动词的时态。根据从句时态提示词“landed”并结合语境可知，主句也应用一般过去时，故填 felt。4waiting 考查非谓语动词。此处为“see宾语宾补”复合结

43、构，people 与wait之间为主动关系，且 wait表示的动作正在进行，要用现在分词作宾补，故填11waiting。5from 考查介词。设空处表示“来自” ，故填介词 from。6and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，句中不缺少成分，且空格前后是两个并列分句，故填 and。7badly 考查副词。修饰谓语动词 have been missing应用副词，故填 badly。8a 考查冠词。experience 作“经历”讲时，是可数名词，因此此处用不定冠词表示泛指。故填 a。9broaden 考查动词。不定式符号 to后接动词原形，故填 broaden，意为“增长；扩大” 。10are ti

44、ed 考查动词的时态和语态。主语 human beings与谓语动词 tie之间为被动关系，且主语是复数，故填 are tied。C(2018浙大附中全真模拟)In China, the history of people planting and using bamboo can date back as far as 7,000 years.As early as the Shang Dynasty, bamboo was used in ancient peoples daily lives.It was used for food, clothing, housing, transpo

45、rtation, _1_ (music) instruments and even weapons.The _2_ (apply) of bamboo in science and technology is thrilling.In 251 BC, Li Bing, in Sichuan, _3_ (lead) the local people to build the Dujiang Weirs, the first irrigation network in the world, in which bamboo played _4_ important role.The worlds o

46、ldest water pipe was also _5_ (make) of bamboo.During the Han Dynasty, the people in Sichuan _6_ (success) sank a 100metredeep well with thick bamboo ropes.This technology did not spread to Europe _7_ the 19th century, and it was by using the technology _8_ the Americans drilled the first oil well i

47、n Pennsylvania in 1859.In Chinese culture, bamboo is wellknown as _9_ of the “four gentlemen” in plants.To many distinguished men, bamboo is a symbol of goodness and honesty.It is always closely related to people of positive spirits.When _10_ (face)tough situations, people are encouraged to hold on

48、by the effect of bamboo culture.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。竹子，无论是过去还是现在，在中国都被广泛地应用于各个领域，也被誉为是中国植物界中的“四君子”之一，是诚实品质的象征。1musical 考查形容词。修饰名词，应用形容词作定语。musical instruments“乐器” 。122application 考查名词。由空格前面的 The可知，空处应填名词，apply 的名词为 application。3led 考查动词的时态。由时间状语“In 251 BC”可知，讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。4an 考查冠词。 play an important part/role“扮演一个重要的角色，起重要的作用” 。5made 考查被动语态。be made of . “由制成的” ，为固定短语。6successfully 考查副词。 空处修饰动词 sank，应用副词形式，所以填successfully。7until 考查连词。 not . until“直到才” 。8that 考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，此处为强调句型，故应填 that。9one 考查代词。 one of the “four gentlemen”竹