2019高考英语一轮基础梳理与练习Unit2TheUnitedKingdom（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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1、1Unit 2 The United Kingdom李仕才【短文语法填空】On the first day of her work, Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. She was told six teachers 1. (quit) before her. When she walked into the classroom, it was chaos: two boys were fighting in a corner, yet 2. rest of the class seemed not

2、to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were running about with paper, food packages and other garbage 3. (leave) everywhere.Sally walked onto the platform, 4. (pick) up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: “Rule 1: We are family！”All students stopped 5. (look) at her. And she con

3、tinued with Rule 2, Rule 3 . In the following weeks, Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them 6. the wall of the classroom. She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.7 (surprise), Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; 8. ， she won

4、respect from the students. Over the years, she has witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just 9. she expected, she was very proud to stand with a class of care，manners and 10. (confident)【解题导语】 本文讲述了一名老师通过努力制定课堂规则，最终感化学生的故事。1had quit(ted) 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：她被告知在她之前已有六位老师辞职。

5、根据语境，quit 的动作发生在 was told 之前，即“过去的过去” ，应用过去完成时。故填 had quit(ted)。2the 解析：考查冠词。句意：当她走进教室的时候，教室里一片混乱：两个男孩在角落里打架，而班里剩下的人好像根本没注意到他们；一些女孩在聊天，一些人在到处跑，到处都是纸、食品袋和其他垃圾。the rest of 为固定短语，意为“其余的” 。故填 the。3left 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。此处为“with宾语宾补”的复合结构，逻辑主语为 paper, food packages and other garbage，与动词 leave 之2间是被动关系

6、，故用过去分词作宾补。故填 left。4picked 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：萨莉走上讲台，拿起一支粉笔在黑板上写下：“规则 1：我们是一家人！” 。分析句子结构可知，设空处与 walked 和 wrote 为并列的谓语动词，因此，应用一般过去时，故填 picked。5to look 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：所有学生都停下来看着她。此处指学生停下正在做的事情来看她，stop to do sth. 意为“停下来去做某事” 。故填 to look。6on/onto 解析：考查介词。句意：接下来的几周，萨莉制定了 10条班级规则，并把它们张贴在教室的墙上。post.on/onto.意为“把张

7、贴在上” ，故填 on 或 onto。7Surprisingly 解析：考查词性转换。句意：令人惊讶的是，萨莉并没有像之前的老师那样被赶走，反而赢得了学生们的尊重。设空处在句中作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词。故填 Surprisingly。8instead 解析：考查副词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，上下文是对比关系，设空处表示“而不是；相反” 。故填 instead。9as 解析：考查定语从句。句意：在毕业典礼上，正如她所期待的那样，她非常自豪地与一个细心、礼貌并且自信的班级站在一起。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个句子，且位于句首，根据句意可知，设空处表示“正如” 。故填 as。1

8、0confidence 解析：考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处作介词 of 的宾语，应用名词，故填 confidence。(对应学生用书 P113)一高考单词识记思考运用1核心词汇_clarify_ vt.澄清；阐明_accomplish_ vt.完成；达到；实现_conflict_ n矛盾；冲突_thrill_ vt.使激动；使胆战心惊fold vt.折叠；对折_unfold_ vt.打开；拆开consist vi.组成，一致_consistent_ adj.一致的unite vi.& vt.联合；团结_united_ adj.团结的；联合的_union_ n联合；联3盟；结合；协会c

9、onvenience n便利；方便_convenient_ adj.方便的rough adj.粗糙的；粗暴的_roughly_ adv.粗略地；粗糙地attract vt.吸引；引起注意_attraction_ n吸引；吸引力_attractive_ adj.有吸引力的delight n快乐；喜悦 vt.使高兴；使欣喜_delighted_ adj.高兴的；快乐的2常考词汇description n_描写；描述_describe vt._描述；形容；描绘_possibility n_可能(性)_possible adj._可能的；合理的_arrange vt._筹备；安排；整理_arrange

10、ment n_布置；整理_splendid adj._壮丽的；辉煌的_用所给单词的适当形式填空1To begin with, well have our class in my home next Sunday if it is _convenient_ (convenience) to you.(2017全国卷) 2These pieces can _be folded_ (fold) into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.(2017全国卷) 3Some people worry that the new language req

11、uirement may cause _conflicts_ (conflict) among people.(2017浙江卷)4The _possibility_ (possible) of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists.(2017北京卷)5The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage _to clarify_ (clarify)his writing purpos

12、e.(2016浙江卷)6My mother and father _were united_ (unite)in their way of raising children，but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out.(2016浙江卷)7This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling _accomplished_ (accomplish)(2016全国卷)8Some people t

13、hink that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from _roughly_ (rough)551 to 479B.C.，influenced the development of chopsticks.(2016全国卷)【联想积累】“高兴”家族速览4delight n快乐，高兴 vt.使高兴，使欣喜；delighted adj.喜欢的，高兴的；delightful adj.令人高兴的happy adj.愉快的，高兴的；happiness n快乐，幸福joy n欢乐，高兴；joyful adj.快乐的，高兴的glad adj.高兴

14、的，欢喜的please v(使)高兴；pleased adj，高兴的，满意的；pleasure n高兴，满意merry adj.欢乐的，愉快的；merrily adv.快乐地后缀ence 必备名词集锦consequence 后果，结果convenience 方便dependence 依靠difference 不同emergence 紧急情况existence 存在intelligence 聪明influence 影响以 “ity”为后缀的名词速记possibility n可能性ability n能力popularity n受欢迎；普及；流行personality n性格；个性；人格nation

15、ality n国籍；民族；族minority n少数民族；少数；少数派；少数人前缀 a高频表语形容词大全alike 相同的；类似的asleep 睡着的alive 活的；有活力的awake 醒着的afraid 害怕的ashamed 羞愧的5【完形填空】The murmur of the audience had just faded into silence.This was one of the most _1_ days in fiveyearold Patricia McKees life：the Kernot School Concert.She stood _2_ the curtai

16、n with her schoolmates.Yet she was not _3_ because everyone had been practicing for weeks and knew their _4_ by heart.Being in a remote country town，Patricia knew that everyone would _5_ for the big occasioneveryone！Yet，it was this awareness that added a sense of _6_ to her excitement.There were two

17、 people who couldnt be in that _7_ that nighther mum and dad.Patricias parents _8_ the local general store，which was _9_ for business 24 hours.So it was simply _10_ that Mum and Dad could never attend community activities.It had been this way with her sister，so why should it be any _11_ for her?Stil

18、l，Patricia couldnt help _12_ that her parents could be there to see her on such a special day，so she decided to _13_ the subject with her mother._14_，she had to face the facts.At such a young age，Patricia couldnt really understand the deep _15_ in her mothers response：“Ill try to be there，sweetheart

19、，but you know how _16_ it is for us to get away from the store.”Yet as the curtain slowly opened, little Patricia got the _17_ of her life.There，sitting four rows the front was her mother with a big smile on her face!This powerful image _18_ one of Patricias most treasured memories.“Words cannot exp

20、ress the pure joy we both _19_ at that moment， ” said Patricia.Her parents have passed away, but what a wonderful legacy(遗产) theyve left us：when someone really _20_ you，be there for them.1A.difficult BimportantCsad Dperfect2A.before BunderCbeside Dbehind3A.excited BmovedCafraid Dlost4A.parts Brelati

21、onsCjobs Dforms65A.join up BprepareCdrop in Dturn out6A.happiness BsadnessCwillingness Deagerness7A.audience BstoreCplay Dmovie8A.bought BgotCsold Dran9A.easy BopenCstill Dclosed10A.recognized BdeniedCaccepted Dincredible11A.different BsatisfiedCpersonal Dwise12A.thinking BtalkingClearning Dwishing1

22、3A.hand in Bgo throughCbring up Dput away14A.Surprisingly BHappilyCObviously DSadly15A.pain BmeaningCunderstanding Dthought16A.awful BhardCtroublesome Dthankful17A.blow BwonderCperson Dsurprise18A.remained BleftCtook Daffected19A.wanted BexperiencedCmade Dforgot20A.hates BlovesCcares Dneeds【解题导语】本文是

23、一篇夹叙夹议文。父母因忙于看店无法去看 Patricia McKee的演出，所以当 Patricia突然看到母亲出现在演出现场时，她非常惊讶。这一刻成了她一生的7回忆。文章通过这件事告诉我们：当别人需要你时，请陪在他们身边。1B 考查形容词辨析。根据第二段中的“the big occasion”以及常识可知，对于五岁的 Patricia来说，那天是一个重要的日子。B 项意为“重要的” ，符合语境。A 项意为“困难的” ；C 项意为“悲伤的” ；D 项意为“完美的” ，均与语境不符。故选 B。2D 考查介词辨析。根据常识及第五段第一句“Yet as the curtain slowly open

24、ed”可知，出场前 Patricia和她的同学站在幕布的后面。D 项意为“在的后面” ，符合语境。A 项意为“在面前” ；B 项意为“在下面” ；C 项意为“在旁边” ，均与语境不符。故选 D。3C 考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“because everyone had been practicing for weeks”可知，所有人都排练了几个星期，所以她不害怕。C 项意为“害怕的” ，符合语境。A 项意为“兴奋的” ；B 项意为“感动的” ；D 项意为“迷惘的，困惑的” ，均与语境不符。故选 C。4A 考查名词辨析。根据本句中的“everyone had been practicing f

25、or weeks”可知，排练了几个星期，每个人都记熟了自己的台词和动作。A 项意为“角色，台词和动作” ，符合语境。B 项意为“关系” ；C 项意为“工作” ；D 项意为“形式” ，均与语境不符。故选 A。5D 考查动词(短语)辨析。根据语境可知，所有人都会出席这个盛大的活动。D 项意为“出席，参加” ，符合语境。A 项意为“连接，联合起来” ；B 项意为“准备” ；C 项意为“落进，顺便拜访” ，均与语境不符。故选 D。6B 考查名词辨析。根据下一句内容可知，因为父母不能来观看演出，所以Patricia在兴奋的同时又有些难过。B 项意为“悲伤，难过” ，符合语境。A 项意为“幸福”；C 项意

26、为“乐意” ；D 项意为“渴望” ，均与语境不符。故选 B。7A 考查名词辨析。根据下一段内容可知，此处指 Patricia的父母亲不能在现场当她的观众。A 项意为“观众，听众” ，符合语境。故选 A。8D 考查动词辨析。根据空格后面的宾语“the local general store”可知，此处指 Patricia的父母在当地经营一家杂货店。D 项意为“经营，参加，跑” ，符合语境。故选 D。9B 考查形容词辨析。根据空格后面的“for business 24 hours”可知，这个杂货店 24小时营业。B 项意为“开放的，营业的” ，符合语境。故选 B。10C 考查词义辨析。根据上下文可

27、知，她的父母经营一家 24小时都营业的商店，所以她的父母从不参加社区活动是可以接受的。C 项意为“公认可接受的，被认可的” ，符合语境。A 项意为“辨认出” ；B 项意为“否认” ；D 项意为“极好的，难以置信的” ，均与语境不符。故选 C。11A 考查形容词辨析。根据前一句“It had been this way with her sister”可8知，父母也没有参加过姐姐的活动，所以对她不会有所不同。A 项意为“不同的” ，符合语境。B 项意为“满意的” ；C 项意为“个人的” ；D 项意为“明智的” ，均与语境不符。故选A。12D 考查动词辨析。根据本句中的“Still”和“her p

28、arents could be there”可知，虽然如此，Patricia 还是忍不住希望她的父母亲能来看她演出。D 项意为“希望” ，符合语境。A 项意为“想，认为” ；B 项意为“谈论” ；C 项意为“学习” ，均与语境不符。故选 D。13C 考查动词短语辨析。根据上文提到的 Patricia希望她的父母能来看她演出和空格后面的宾语“the subject with her mother”可知，此处指 Patricia决定向母亲提出这个话题。C 项意为“提出” ，符合语境。A 项意为“上交” ；B 项意为“经历” ；D 项意为“把收起来” ，均与语境不符。故选 C。14D 考查副词辨析。

29、根据本句中的“she had to face the facts”以及下文母亲的回答可知，她的母亲并不确定能不能参加，所以很遗憾她只能接受这个事实。D 项意为“不幸地，说来遗憾” ，符合语境。A 项意为“惊讶地” ；B 项意为“高兴地” ；C 项意为“明显地” ，均与语境不符。故选 D。15A 考查名词辨析。根据常识以及后来母亲出现在观众席里可知，母亲想参加女儿的活动却抽不出时间，她也很痛苦，但五岁的 Patricia并不理解这种痛苦。A 项意为“痛苦” ，符合语境。B 项意为“意思” ；C 项意为“理解” ；D 项意为“想法” ，均与语境不符。故选 A。16B 考查形容词辨析。根据上文提及的

30、 24小时营业商店可知，她的父母亲离开商店是一件很困难的事情。B 项意为“困难的” ，符合语境。A 项意为“可怕的” ；C 项意为“麻烦的” ；D 项意为“感激的” ，均与语境不符。故选 B。17D 考查名词辨析。根据上文母亲的回答可知，母亲观看 Patricia的演出的可能性不大，所以当 Patricia看到台下的母亲时，那真的是她人生中的惊喜。D 项意为“惊喜，意想不到的事” ，符合语境。A 项意为“打击” ；B 项意为“奇迹” ；C 项意为“人” ，均与语境不符。故选 D。18A 考查动词辨析。根据上文可知，母亲的出现对 Patricia来说是一个很大的惊喜，所以这一幕成为 Patric

31、ia最珍贵的记忆之一。A 项意为“继续，依然” ，符合语境。B项意为“离开” ；C 项意为“拿走” ；D 项意为“影响” ，均与语境不符。故选 A。19B 考查动词辨析。 “we both _ at that moment”是省略了关系代词that或 which的定语从句，先行词 the pure joy在从句中作空格处所填词的宾语。句意为 Patricia说：“没有言语能表达出我们在那一刻所体会到的那种纯粹的快乐。 ”B项意为“体会，感受” ，符合语境。A 项意为“想要” ；C 项意为“使得，制造” ；D 项意为“忘记” ，均与语境不符。故选 B。920D 考查动词辨析。通读全文可知，文章通

32、过 Patricia 的经历告诉我们：当别人真正需要你时，要陪伴在他们的身边。D 项意为“需要” ，符合语境。A 项意为“憎恨” ；B项意为“爱” ；C 项意为“在乎” ，均与语境不符。故选 D。二重点短语识记思考运用1动词介词/副词divide._into_把分成break _away(from)_ 挣脱(束缚)；脱离leave _out_省去；遗漏；不考虑break _down_ (机器)损坏；破坏consist _of_ 由组成2to ones名词_to_ ones credit 为带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在名下_to_ ones delight/joy 使某人高兴的是_to_ ones s

33、urprise 使某人惊奇的是3in名词(of)_in_ memory of 为了纪念in favour _of_ 支持in need _of_ 需要_in_ support of 支持4其他形式take the place _of_ 代替用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and wont have to _break down_ the still every time you need a drink.(2017全国卷)2Hannahs

34、Place _is divided into_ several areas，providing shelter for people when it is so cold that sleeping outdoors can mean death.(2017北京卷) 3More recently, the foundation began another campaign called National Red Scarf Daya day when people donate $20 and wear red scarves _in support of_ Canadas hungry an

35、d homeless.(2017北京卷)4Listening is thus an active，not a passive，behavior _consisting of_ hearing，understanding and remembering.(2015浙江卷)5This word is wrongly spelt.You have _left out_ a letter.106Computers have _taken the place of_ human beings in many fields so far.7The TV _broke down_ again，which m

36、ade me very unhappy.8Taiwan is never allowed to _break away from_ the mainland anyway.It is known to all that it belongs to China.“动词away”必备短语一览blow away 吹走break away 摆脱carry away 拿走，使入迷die away 逐渐消失，减弱give away 背弃，赠送put away 收起来，存起来wash away 冲走take away 拿走throw away 扔掉turn away 把打发走“to onesn”必备短语荟萃

37、to ones astonishment/surprise 令某人惊奇的是to ones disappointment 令某人失望的是to ones regret 使某人感到遗憾的是to ones shame 使某人惭愧的是“v.from”短语荟萃suffer from 遭受adapt from 从改编benefit from 从中获益date from 始于result from 因而起escape from 从逃脱die from 死于hear from 收到某人的来信leave 相关短语全接触leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑leave.alone 不管；不顾；撇下一个人leave

38、behind 留下；遗忘11leave for 动身前往(某处)三佳句选粹在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句 学句型 练仿写1.You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.要使你的英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。“keep/make宾语宾补”结构。为了让鱼儿在河里自由自在快快乐乐地游来游去，我们必须让河水保持干净。We must _keep the river clean_ in order to _make th

39、e fish in it swim freely and happily_.2.Worried about the time available，Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了清单。过去分词短语作状语。在森林中迷了路，我们不得不待在原地等待帮助。_Lost in the forest_，we had to remain where we were，waiting for help.3.It looked splendid when

40、 first built!刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！状语从句的省略。刚被引入市场时，这些产品就取得了巨大的成功。_When first introduced to the market_，these products enjoyed great success.4.It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。It seemed strange that.“似乎有点儿

41、奇怪” ，should have done表示对过去发生的事情感到惊讶。看起来很奇怪，他竟然拒绝了我们提出的行之有效的建议。It seemed strange that he _should have rejected_ the practical suggestion put forward by us.【七选五】As warming continues，scientists warn the oxygen content of oceans across the planet could be more and more reduced，with serious consequences

42、for the future 12of fish and other sea life.1 One is the simple fact that as water gets warmer，it can hold less dissolved(溶解的)oxygen.The other reason is less obvious.The entire ocean gets its oxygen from the surfaceeither from the atmosphere，or from photosynthesizing algae floating at the top of the

43、 sea. 2 Global warming is expected to reduce the mixing of the ocean by making surface seawater lighter.Thats because in a warmer world we can expect more rainfall and more melting(融化)of glaciers，icebergs，and ice sheets. 3 The extra heat from the warming atmosphere will also make surface water expan

44、d and thus make it lighter still. 4 Instead，more of the oxygen will remain near the surface，where it will be used up by oxygenbreathing organisms.A lowoxygen ocean may become an inescapable feature of our planet.A team of Danish researchers wondered how long oxygen levels would drop if we could some

45、how reduce our carbon dioxide emissions to zero by 2100.They determined that over the next few thousand years oxygen levels would continue to fall，until they declined by 30 percent.The oxygen would slowly return to the oceans，but even 100，000 years from now they will not have fully recovered. 5 AIts

46、 not known why the oxygen level of oceans has reduced.BScientists point to two reasons to expect a drop in ocean oxygen.CFresh waters inpouring will make the water at the oceans surface lighter.DThe oxygen then spreads to the deep ocean as the surface water slowly sinks.EGlobal warming has caused th

47、e reduction of the oxygen content of oceans worldwide.FThe light surface water will be less likely to sink so the deep ocean will get less oxygen.GIf they are right，we have every reason to worry about the major effect it has on sea life.【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章简要介绍了海水中氧气含量主要原因及其可能对海洋生物带来的长期的影响。1B 从文章篇章结构分析，本空为段落主旨句。本段介绍了全球变暖使海洋含氧量降低的13原因，并且“One” “The other reason”与 B项中的“two reasons”相呼应，故选 B。2D 根据段落主旨和空前的“The entire ocean gets its oxygen from the surface.at the top of the sea.”可知，此处是通过说明海洋中氧气的来源与循环来解释