SANS 10353-2009 Small arms shooting ranges《小型武器射击场》.pdf

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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-23188-0 SANS 10353:2009Edition 1.1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Small arms shooting ranges Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lat

4、egan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 10353:2009 Edition 1.1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Amdt 1 2009 Amended to reduce the safety angle relative to the interception of any reasonable shot, to adjust figure 1,

5、to provide detail for the required air changes and air velocities, and to correct table E.2. Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 1000, Firearms, ammunition and ranges, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3

6、 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in October 2009. This document supersedes SANS 10353:2003 (edition 1). Annexes A, B, C, D and F form an integral part of this document. Annexes E and G are for information only. SANS 10353:2009 Edition 1.1 1 Contents Page Foreword 1 Scope . 3 2

7、Definitions 3 3 Categories of range . 4 4 Potential hazards associated with shooting ranges . 5 5 Distances over which ammunition is dangerous 6 6 Construction of a range 6 7 Range (shooting) safety . 9 Figures 1 to 2 10-11 Annex A (normative) Indoor ranges 12 Annex B (normative) Outdoor no danger a

8、rea ranges 14 Annex C (normative) Outdoor danger area ranges with stop butt . 15 Annex D (normative) Outdoor shotgun ranges (no stop butt) for shot cartridges only 19 Annex E (informative) Examples of maximum ranges 21 Annex F (normative) Duties of the range officer . 22 Annex G (informative) Recomm

9、ended range safety rules 23 SANS 10353:2009 Edition 1.1 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 10353:2009 Edition 1.1 3 Small arms shooting ranges 1 Scope 1.1 This standard covers general requirements for the planning, construction and operation of indoor and outdoor shooting ranges. 1.2 It do

10、es not apply to any area where it could otherwise be lawful to discharge a firearm. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply: 2.1 backplate steel plate that covers the area of the protected zone of an indoor range, behind and around the bullet trap, where bull

11、et strikes are likely NOTE The backplate has no direct equivalent on an outdoor range. 2.2 baffle structure or device that is mounted with its face towards the firing point. It is intended to stop or redirect misdirected shots 2.3 bullet trap bullet catcher device or construction behind the targets

12、intended to stop and trap shots that pass through or near the targets 2.4 danger area fan shaped area of ground beyond the targets where those misdirected shots which do not impact on the stop butt, either in azimuth or elevation, will impact NOTE 1 A danger area is not required if the stop butt is

13、of sufficient size. NOTE 2 Only outdoor ranges can have a danger area. 2.5 firing point point, or points, from which shots may be fired on the range SANS 10353:2009 Edition 1.1 4 2.6 protected zone sidewalls, ceiling and the floor of an indoor range, behind and around the bullet trap and backplate,

14、intended to stop all misdirected shots that can reasonably be expected to be fired NOTE The protected zone is analogous to the stop butt on an outdoor range. 2.7 ricochet bullet that continues to travel through the air after rebounding or skipping off some object or part of the range 2.8 safety angl

15、e required minimum angle between the sighting line and an imaginary line drawn from the eye of the shooter to the top or side of the stop butt or protected zone 2.9 shotfall area area where the shot fired from a shotgun falls 2.10 sighting line imaginary line drawn from the eye of the shooter to the

16、 target 2.11 small arms handguns, rifles and shotguns 2.12 stop butt back stop bank, wall or other device, behind and around the bullet trap, intended to stop all misdirected shots that can reasonably be expected to be fired NOTE The stop butt applies only to outdoor ranges. 3 Categories of range 3.

17、1 General There are three basic categories of shooting range: a) indoor ranges (see annex A); b) outdoor no danger area ranges (see annex B); and c) outdoor danger area ranges (see annexes C and D). NOTE There is no essential difference between handgun and rifle ranges. However, the much higher velo

18、cities and muzzle energies of most rifle ammunition impose greater demands on the bullet trap, protected zone or stop butt, and danger area of the range. The use of a range for centre-fire rifles, in addition to handguns, will often be dependant on the economics of the necessary construction or the

19、danger area available. 3.2 Indoor ranges An indoor range is a range that is constructed inside a building. SANS 10353:2009 Edition 1.1 5 3.3 Outdoor no danger area ranges A no danger area outdoor range is constructed or designed in such a way that no misdirected shot, which can reasonably be expecte

20、d to have been fired towards the targets, will leave the range. 3.4 Outdoor danger area ranges 3.4.1 Outdoor danger area (see 2.4) ranges are ranges where the stop butt is not sufficiently high or wide enough to comply with the requirement to contain all reasonably expected misdirected shots. 3.4.2

21、Outdoor danger area ranges therefore have a danger area that extends beyond the stop butt. In the case of shotgun ranges, there is no stop butt, and the danger area becomes the shotfall area. 4 Potential hazards associated with shooting ranges 4.1 Indoor range potential hazards The following potenti

22、al hazards should be taken into consideration when an indoor shooting range is being designed and constructed: a) bullets that strike some part of the range other than the bullet trap and ricochet so as to pose a hazard to shooters or to a third party; b) splashback of particles from target frames,

23、from the bullet trap or from any other item within the protected zone; c) noise from the discharge of firearms that damage the hearing of the shooters; d) noxious fumes from propellant gases; e) lead dust and particles from unjacketed bullets; f) risk of fire from dust build-up and from tracer ammun

24、ition; g) ejected cartridge cases or gas and propellant particles that can strike an adjacent shooter; h) inadequate lighting that affects the shooters ability to clearly see the sights and targets; and i) incorrect usage of the range. 4.2 Outdoor range potential hazards The following potential haza

25、rds should be taken into consideration when an outdoor shooting range is being designed and constructed: a) bullets that miss the stop butt and leave the range; b) bullets that strike some part of the range other than the stop butt, ricochet, miss the stop butt, and thus leave the range; c) splashba

26、ck of particles from target frames, from the bullet trap or from the stop butt; d) noise from the discharge of firearms that damage the hearing of the shooters; e) ejected cartridge cases or gas and propellant particles that can strike an adjacent shooter; SANS 10353:2009 Edition 1.1 6 f) glare from

27、 the sun that affects the shooters ability to clearly see the sights and targets; g) people who enter the danger area or the range itself; h) incorrect usage of the range; and i) any extraordinary hazards, for example low-flying aircraft from a nearby airfield. 5 Distances over which ammunition is d

28、angerous The danger area dimensions mentioned in annexes C and D take into consideration the distances over which ammunition is dangerous. NOTE Small arms projectiles will travel a considerable distance (see annex E) when fired at a slight elevation angle. 6 Construction of a range 6.1 Stop butt or

29、protected zone 6.1.1 The range shall have a stop butt in the case of an outdoor range, or a protected zone in the case of an indoor range. The stop butt and the protected zone shall be of such height and width that they will intercept any shot that can reasonably be expected to have been fired in th

30、e general direction of the targets. For this purpose the ends and top of the stop butt and the protected zone shall subtend a safety angle of 8 (see figure 1) from the sighting line, as seen from the firing points. The safety angle of 8 equates to a height of 143 mm for every metre between the firin

31、g point and the stop butt. The height of the sighting line above the ground shall be added to the height of the calculated safety angle to determine the required height of the stop butt. The stop butt and the protected zone shall, in addition, be of such thickness and material that bullets will not

32、penetrate or cause ricochet or splashback of bullets or pieces of bullet. Amdt 1 6.1.2 The size of the stop butt and of the protected zone will depend on the length of the range from the rearmost firing point to the targets, the distance between the targets and the stop butt or the protected zone, t

33、he width of the firing point (points) and the height (or heights) above the ground (or range floor) from where shooting takes place (prone or standing shooting, etc.). 6.1.3 Specific requirements for different types of range are given in annexes A, B, C and D. 6.2 Danger area 6.2.1 The construction

34、of a stop butt becomes impracticable or uneconomic on ranges exceeding 50 m to 100 m, unless a high hill is available. In such cases it is necessary to have a fenced-off danger area beyond the stop butt. Such danger area shall not be entered by people or animals whilst the range is in use. 6.2.2 It

35、is not uncommon to use such a danger area for farming. However, measures shall be taken to clear the area before the range is used, and warning notices and flags to this purpose shall be employed. 6.2.3 The extent of the danger area (see figure 2) will depend on the types of firearm used on the rang

36、e (handgun, shotgun or rifle, or some combination), the length of the range and the width of the firing point or points. SANS 10353:2009 Edition 1.1 7 6.3 Bullet trap 6.3.1 The bullet trap shall not only stop or trap bullets without splashback or ricochet, but it shall continue to do so in the face

37、of repeated impacts over a concentrated area. The most commonly used basic forms of bullet trap are: a) a sand or earth bank that is usually employed on outdoor ranges, and b) steel sheets that either deflect the bullets down into sand or into a water-filled tray, or that redirect the bullets into a

38、 swirl chamber where repeated impacts remove the bullets energy. 6.3.2 The earth bank type of bullet trap shall be regularly dug out and the soil sieved (“de-leaded“) to remove spent bullets and stones that could cause ricochets, and the slope of the bank restored. 6.3.3 The steel sheet type of bull

39、et trap shall have any damage repaired by welding and smooth grinding. Thick plate, preferably armoured steel, should be used as a bullet trap. 6.4 Ricochet prevention Ricochet can occur when a bullet strikes a hard surface at an oblique angle. A ricocheting bullet will not leave the surface at the

40、same angle at which it impacts and if the floor and walls of an indoor range are hard and smooth, a bullet that strikes the floor or wall will ricochet and will continue to do so down the range and can strike in the protected zone and on ricochet-preventing baffles. Similar conditions apply to outdo

41、or ranges, with the added danger that a ricocheting bullet could miss the stop butt and leave the range. For this reason targets shall not be placed on the floor of the range, but shall rather be so elevated above the ground that the bullets will impact on the bullet trap. Where obstructions cannot

42、be removed, baffles shall be used to trap or deflect potential ricochets. RECOMMENDATION: Eye protection should be worn during shooting. 6.5 Baffles 6.5.1 Baffles are installed for one of the following two purposes: a) The main purpose is to control ricochets, preventing light fittings, wall pillars

43、 and other obstruction from being hit and causing uncontrolled ricochets, and also protecting the fittings against damage; b) To stop misdirected shots which could be expected to leave the range since the protected zone (indoor ranges) and the stop butt (outdoor ranges) are not as high or as wide as

44、 they should be. 6.5.2 The baffles shall be so positioned that they intercept the sighting line, and hence the line of fire, of shots that are fired too high or too wide to impact on the protected zone or on the stop butt. They can be used in the case of a stop butt of insufficient height on an outd

45、oor range, or instead of a bulletproof ceiling (in the protected zone area) in an indoor range. However, the disadvantage is that they severely limit the positions in the range where firing points may be situated. 6.5.3 All baffles should be faced with a material that prevents the splashback of bull

46、ets, for example 50 mm thick softwood (on the face of the baffle facing the firing point) spaced from the steel on 50 mm battens. The wood facing stops splashback, and the space between the steel and the wood prevents damage to the wood from ricochets across the face of the baffle. The battens shoul

47、d be mounted vertically to permit bullets and particles to fall out. 6.5.4 Consideration should be given to secondary projectiles when baffles are within 10 m of any firing point. SANS 10353:2009 Edition 1.1 8 6.6 Firing point 6.6.1 For safety reasons, shooters shall be a minimum of 1,8 m apart. Thi

48、s will dictate the number of shooters who may shoot at the same time, or conversely dictate the width of a firing point required on a new range. Screens are sometimes used between firing points on a range where firing always takes place at one fixed distance. In these circumstances the distance betw

49、een shooters can be reduced to 1 m. However, screens cause ejected cartridge cases (“brass“) from self-loading pistols to bounce around and sometimes strike the shooter. 6.6.2 For standing shooting the firing point should be a flat hard surface. However, for prone shooting a surface that slopes slightly upwards towards the targets is preferred. For outdoor ranges the firing point surface should also be of a nature that drains well and will not become a mud bath in wet weather or a dust bowl in dry weather. 6.6.3 If tables or benches are used in front of the shooters at