SAE J 409-1990 Product Analysis - Permissible Variations from Specified Chemical Analysis of a Heat or Cast of Steel.pdf

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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro

2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (412) 772-8512 FAX: (412) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT

3、 ORDER; (412) 776-4970 FAX: (412) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.orgCopyright 1995 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001STANDARDSubmitted for recognition as an American National StandardJ409RE

4、AF.FEB95Issued 1942-01Reaffirmed 1995-02Superseding J409 DEC90PRODUCT ANALYSISPERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS FROM SPECIFIEDCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF A HEAT OR CAST OF STEELForewordThis reaffirmed document has been changed only to reflect the new SAE Technical Standards Boardformat.1. ScopeSupplementary to the he

5、at or cast analysis, a product analysis may be made on steel in thesemifinished or finished form. For definitions and methods of sampling steel for product chemical analysis,refer to SAE J408.A product analysis is a chemical analysis of the semifinished or finished steel to determine conformance to

6、thespecification requirements. The range of the specified chemical composition is normally expanded to take intoaccount deviations associated with analytical reproducibility and the heterogeneity of the steel. Individualdeterminations may vary from the specified heat or cast analysis ranges or limit

7、s to the extent shown in Tables1 through 5. The several determinations of any element in a heat or cast may not vary both above and belowthe specified range except for lead. Tables 1 through 5 provide permissible limits for various steel forms andcomposition types.Rimmed or capped steels are not sub

8、ject to product analysis limits because they are characterized by aninherently large variation in chemical composition. Also, for rephosphorized and resulfurized steels, theproduct analysis tolerance limits are not applicable for phosphorus and sulfur because of the degree to whichthese elements seg

9、regate.Boron is not subject to product analysis tolerances.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Dr

10、ive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J408Methods of Sampling Steel for Chemical AnalysisSAE J409 Reaffirmed FEB95-2-2.1.2 ASTM PUBLICATIONAvailable from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.ASTMA6Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Steel Plates, Shapes, Sheet Pil

11、ing, andBars for Structural UseASTMA480/A480MSpecification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and StripASTM A 513Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical TubingASTM A 519Specification for Seamless Carbon and

12、 Alloy Steel Mechanical TubingTABLE 1PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS FROM SPECIFIED CHEMICAL RANGES AND LIMITS FOR CARBON STEEL IN HOT ROLLED AND COLD FINISHED BARS ANDSEMIFINISHED FOR FORGING, WIRE ROD, AND SEAMLESS TUBINGElementLimit or Max ofSpecified Range, %Variation, %,Over MaxLimit or UnderMin LimitBa

13、rs, Wire Rod,SeamlessTubing andSemifinishedfor Forgingto 0.065 m2(100 in2) inclVariation, %,Over MaxLimit or UnderMin LimitSemifinished Productsfor ForgingOver 0.065to 0.129 m2(100 to 200 in2) inclVariation, %,Over MaxLimit or UnderMin LimitSemifinished Productsfor ForgingOver 0.129to 0.258 m2(200 t

14、o 400 in2) inclVariation, %,Over MaxLimit or UnderMin LimitSemifinished Productsfor ForgingOver 0.258to 0.516 m2(400 to 800 in2) inclCarbon To 0.25 incl 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05Over 0.25 to 0.55 incl 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06Over 0.55 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07Manganese To 0.90 incl 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.07Over 0.90 to 1.

15、65 incl 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08Phosphorus Over max only to 0.040 incl0.008 0.008 0.010 0.015Sulfur Over max only to 0.050 incl0.008 0.010 0.010 0.015Silicon To 0.35 incl 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04Over 0.35 to 0.60 0.05 Copper Under min only for copper bearing steels0.02 0.03 Lead(1)1. Product analysis toleranc

16、e for lead applies, both over and under, to a range of 0.15 to 0.35% lead.0.15 to 0.35 incl 0.03 0.03 SAE J409 Reaffirmed FEB95-3-TABLE 2PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS FROM SPECIFIED CHEMICAL RANGES AND LIMITSFOR CARBON STEEL SHEETS, STRIP, AND WELDED TUBINGElementLimit or Max ofSpecified Range, %LimitVaria

17、tion, %Under MinLimitLimitVariation, %Over MaxLimitCarbon To 0.15 incl 0.02 0.03Over 0.15 to 0.40 incl 0.03 0.04Over 0.40 to 0.80 incl 0.03 0.05Over 0.80 0.03 0.06Manganese To 0.60 incl 0.03 0.03Over 0.60 to 1.15 incl 0.04 0.04Over 1.15 to 1.65 incl 0.05 0.05Phosphorus 0.01Sulfur 0.01Silicon To 0.30

18、 incl 0.02 0.03Over 0.30 to 0.60 0.05 0.05Copper Under min only for copper bearing steels0.02 Lead(1)1. Product analysis tolerance for lead applies both over and under a range of 0.15 to 0.35% lead.0.15 to 0.35 incl 0.03 0.03SAE J409 Reaffirmed FEB95-4-TABLE 3PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS FROM SPECIFIED CH

19、EMICAL RANGES AND LIMITS FOR ALLOY STEELSElementLimit or Max ofSpecified Range, %Variation, %,Over MaxLimit or UnderMin LimitBars, Sheet,Strip, Tubing(1), andSemifinished Productsto 0.065 m2(100 in2) inclVariation, %,Over MaxLimit or UnderMin LimitSemifinished ProductsOver 0.065to 0.129 m2(100 to 20

20、0 in2) inclVariation, %,Over MaxLimit or UnderMin LimitSemifinished ProductsOver 0.129to 0.0258 m2(200 to 400 in2) inclVariation, %,Over MaxLimit or UnderMin LimitSemifinished ProductsOver 0.258to 0.516 m2(400 to 800 in2) inclCarbon To 0.30 incl 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04Over 0.30 to 0.75 incl 0.02 0.03 0.

21、04 0.05Over 0.75 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06Manganese To 0.90 incl 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06Over 0.90 to 2.10 incl 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07Phosphorus Over max only 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.010Sulfur To 0.060 incl(2) 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.010Silicon To 0.40 incl 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04Over 0.40 to 2.20 incl 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07Nic

22、kel To 1.00 incl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03Over 1.00 to 2.00 incl 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05Over 2.00 to 5.30 incl 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07Over 5.30 to 10.00 incl0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10Chromium To 0.90 incl 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05Over 0.90 to 2.10 incl 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07Over 2.10 to 3.99 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.14Molybdenum To 0.20

23、 incl 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03Over 0.20 to 0.40 incl 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04Over 0.40 to 1.15 incl 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06Tungsten To 1.00 incl 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06Over 1.00 to 4.00 incl 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.12Vanadium To 0.10 incl 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01Over 0.10 to 0.25 incl 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02Over 0.25 to 0.50 incl 0.

24、03 0.03 0.03 0.03Min value specified check under min limit0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01Aluminum(3) Up to 0.10 incl 0.03 Over 0.10 to 0.20 incl 0.04 Over 0.20 to 0.30 incl 0.05 Over 0.30 to 0.80 incl 0.07 Over 0.80 to 1.80 incl 0.10 SAE J409 Reaffirmed FEB95-5-Lead(3) 0.15 to 0.35 incl 0.03(4) Copper(3) To 1.0

25、0 incl 0.03 Over 1.00 to 2.00 incl 0.05 1. From ASTM A 513 and A 519.2. Sulfur over 0.060% is not subject to check analysis.3. Tolerances shown apply only to 100 in2 or less.4. Tolerance is over and under.TABLE 4PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS FROM SPECIFIED CHEMICAL RANGES AND LIMITS FOR STAINLESS STEELS (F

26、ROM ASTM A 480/A 480M)ElementLimit or Max ofSpecified Range, %Variation, %, Over MaxLimit or Under Min LimitCarbon To 0.010 incl 0.002Over 0.010 to 0.030 incl 0.005Over 0.030 to 0.20 incl 0.01Over 0.20 to 0.60 incl 0.02Over 0.60 to 1.20 incl 0.03Manganese To 1.00 incl 0.03Over 1.00 to 3.00 incl 0.04

27、Over 3.00 to 6.00 incl 0.05Over 6.00 to 10.00 incl 0.06Over 10.00 to 15.00 incl 0.10Over 15.00 to 20.00 incl 0.15Phosphorus To 0.040 incl 0.005Over 0.040 to 0.20 incl 0.010Sulfur To 0.040 incl 0.005Over 0.040 to 0.20 incl 0.010Over 0.20 to 0.50 incl 0.020Silicon To 1.00 incl 0.05Over 1.00 to 3.00 in

28、cl 0.10Chromium Over 4.00 to 10.00 incl 0.10Over 10.00 to 15.00 incl 0.15Over 15.00 to 20.00 incl 0.20Over 20.00 to 30.00 incl 0.25TABLE 3PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS FROM SPECIFIED CHEMICAL RANGES AND LIMITS FOR ALLOY STEELSElementLimit or Max ofSpecified Range, %Variation, %,Over MaxLimit or UnderMin Li

29、mitBars, Sheet,Strip, Tubing(1), andSemifinished Productsto 0.065 m2(100 in2) inclVariation, %,Over MaxLimit or UnderMin LimitSemifinished ProductsOver 0.065to 0.129 m2(100 to 200 in2) inclVariation, %,Over MaxLimit or UnderMin LimitSemifinished ProductsOver 0.129to 0.0258 m2(200 to 400 in2) inclVar

30、iation, %,Over MaxLimit or UnderMin LimitSemifinished ProductsOver 0.258to 0.516 m2(400 to 800 in2) inclSAE J409 Reaffirmed FEB95-6-Nickel To 1.00 incl 0.03Over 1.00 to 5.00 incl 0.07Over 5.00 to 10.00 incl 0.10Over 10.00 to 20.00 incl 0.15Over 20.00 to 22.00 incl 0.20Molybdenum Over 0.20 to 0.60 in

31、cl 0.03Over 0.60 to 2.00 incl 0.05Over 2.00 to 7.00 incl 0.10Titanium To 1.00 incl 0.05Over 1.00 to 3.00 incl 0.07Columbian-TantalumAll ranges 0.05Tantalum To 0.10 incl 0.02Cobalt(1) Over 0.05 to 0.50 incl 0.01Over 0.50 to 2.00 incl 0.02Over 2.00 to 5.00 incl 0.05Aluminum To 0.15 incl 0.005, +0.01Ov

32、er 0.15 to 0.50 incl 0.05Over 0.50 to 2.00 incl 0.10Selenium All ranges 0.03Nitrogen To 0.02 incl 0.005Over 0.02 to 0.19 incl 0.01Over 0.19 to 0.25 incl 0.02Over 0.25 to 0.35 incl 0.03Over 0.35 to 0.45 incl 0.04Tungsten To 1.00 incl 0.03Over 1.00 to 2.00 incl 0.05Vanadium To 0.50 incl 0.03Over 0.50

33、to 1.50 incl 0.051. Product analysis limits for cobalt under 0.05% have not been established, and the manufacturer should be consulted for those limits.TABLE 4PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS FROM SPECIFIED CHEMICAL RANGES AND LIMITS FOR STAINLESS STEELS (FROM ASTM A 480/A 480M)ElementLimit or Max ofSpecified

34、 Range, %Variation, %, Over MaxLimit or Under Min LimitSAE J409 Reaffirmed FEB95-7-TABLE 5PRODUCT ANALYSIS TOLERANCESSTRUCTURAL SHAPES AND PLATES (FROM ASTM A 6)ElementUpper Limit,or MaxSpecified Value, %Tolerances, %Under MinLimitTolerances, %Over MaxLimitCarbon To 0.15 incl 0.02 0.03Over 0.15 to 0

35、.40 incl 0.03 0.04Over 0.40 to 0.75 incl 0.04 0.05Over 0.75 0.04 0.06Manganese To 0.60 incl 0.05 0.06Over 0.60 to 0.90 incl 0.06 0.08Over 0.90 to 1.20 incl 0.08 0.10Over 1.20 to 1.35 incl 0.09 0.11Over 1.35 to 1.65 incl 0.09 0.12Over 1.65 to 1.95 incl 0.11 0.14Over 1.95 0.12 0.16Phosphorus To 0.04 i

36、ncl 0.010Over 0.04 to 0.15 incl N.A.(1)Sulfur To 0.060 incl 0.010Over 0.060 N.A.(1)Silicon To 0.30 incl 0.02 0.03Over 0.30 to 0.40 incl 0.05 0.05Over 0.40 to 2.20 incl 0.06 0.06Nickel To 1.00 incl 0.03 0.03Over 1.00 to 2.00 incl 0.05 0.05Over 2.00 to 3.75 incl 0.07 0.07Over 3.75 to 5.30 incl 0.08 0.

37、08Over 5.30 0.10 0.10Chromium To 0.90 incl 0.04 0.04Over 0.90 to 2.00 incl 0.06 0.06Over 2.00 to 4.00 incl 0.10 0.10Molybdenum To 0.20 incl 0.01 0.01Over 0.20 to 0.40 incl 0.03 0.03Over 0.40 to 1.15 incl 0.04 0.04Aluminum Up to 0.10 incl 0.03 0.03Copper 0.20 min only 0.02 To 1.00 incl 0.03 0.03Over

38、1.00 to 2.00 incl 0.05 0.05Titanium To 0.10 incl 0.01(2) 0.01(2)SAE J409 Reaffirmed FEB95-8-PREPARED BY THE SAE IRON AND STEEL TECHNICAL COMMITTEE DIVISION 1CARBON AND ALLOY STEELSVanadium To 0.10 incl 0.01(2) 0.01(2)Over 0.10 to 0.25 incl 0.02 0.02Over 0.25 to 0.50 0.02 0.03Min only specified 0.01

39、Boron Any N.A.(1) N.A.(1)Columbium To 0.10 incl 0.01(2) 0.01(2)Zirconium To 0.15 incl 0.03 0.03Nitrogen To 0.030 incl 0.005 0.0051. N.A.Product analysis not applicable.2. If the minimum of the range is 0.01%, the under tolerance is 0.005%.TABLE 5PRODUCT ANALYSIS TOLERANCESSTRUCTURAL SHAPES AND PLATE

40、S (FROM ASTM A 6)ElementUpper Limit,or MaxSpecified Value, %Tolerances, %Under MinLimitTolerances, %Over MaxLimitSAE J409 Reaffirmed FEB95RationaleNot applicable.Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO StandardNot applicable.ApplicationSupplementary to the heat or cast analysis, a product analysis may b

41、e made on steel in thesemifinished or finished form. For definitions and methods of sampling steel for product chemicalanalysis, refer to SAE J408.A product analysis is a chemical analysis of the semifinished or finished steel to determine conformanceto the specification requirements. The range of t

42、he specified chemical composition is normallyexpanded to take into account deviations associated with analytical reproducibility and the heterogeneityof the steel. Individual determinations may vary from the specified heat or cast analysis ranges or limitsto the extent shown in Tables 1 through 5. T

43、he several determinations of any element in a heat or castmay not vary both above and below the specified range except for lead. Tables 1 through 5 providepermissible limits for various steel forms and composition types.Rimmed or capped steels are not subject to product analysis limits because they

44、are characterized by aninherently large variation in chemical composition. Also, for rephosphorized and resulfurized steels, theproduct analysis tolerance limits are not applicable for phosphorus and sulfur because of the degree towhich these elements segregate.Boron is not subject to product analys

45、is tolerances.Reference SectionSAE J408Methods of Sampling Steel for Chemical AnalysisASTMA6Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Steel Plates, Shapes, Sheet Piling, andBars for Structural UseASTMA480/A480MSpecification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resistin

46、g Steel Plate, Sheet, and StripASTMA513Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical TubingASTM A 519Specification for Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical TubingDeveloped by the SAE Iron and Steel Technical Committee Division 1Carbon and Alloy SteelsSponsored by the SAE Iron and Steel Technical Committee