SAE AMS 2760-1976 HEAT TREATMENT Carbon Low-Alloy and Specialty Steels.pdf
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1、lAND SEA AIR SPACE AEROSPACE MATERIAL Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. SPECIFICATION 400 COMMONWEALTH DRIVE. WARRENDALE, PA. 15096 HEAT TREATMENT Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Specialty Steels AMS 2760 Issued 1-15-76 Revised 1. SCOPE: This specification covers the procedure for through-hardening and r
2、elated heat treat ments of carbon, low-alloy, and specialty steel parts to produce specified mechanical properties within the capability of each respective steel. 1.1 Heat treating processes such as induction hardening, flame hardening, carburizing, nitriding, austempering, and martempering are reco
3、gnized processes but are not covered by this speci fication. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS: The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of Aerospace Material Specifications (AMS), Aerospace Standards (AS), and Aerospace Recommended Practice
4、s (ARP) shall apply. The applicable issue of other documents shall be as specified in AMS 2350. 2.1 SAE Publications: Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, me., 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096. 2.1. 1 Aerospace Material Specifications: AMS 2350 -Standards and Test Methods 2. 1
5、. 2 Aerospace Standards: AS 1260 -Equivalent Sections of Certain Shapes to Round Bars 2.1. 3 Aerospace Recommended Practices: ARP 1341 -Determining Decarburization and Carburization in Finished Parts of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels 2. 2 ASTM Publications: Available from American Society for Testing a
6、nd Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. ASTM A255 -End-Quench Test for Hardenability of Steel ASTM A370 - Mechanical Testing of Steel Products ASTM Ell2 -Estimating the Average Grain Size of Metals 2. 3 Government Publications: Available from Commanding Officer, Naval Publications an
7、d Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120. 2. 3.1 Military Standards: MIL-STD-105 - Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes MIL-STD-794 - Parts and Equipment, Procedures for Packaging and Packing of Copyright 1976 by Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. All right
8、s reserved. AMS 2-;-2-3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS: 3. 1 Equipment: 3. 1. 1 Furnaces: 3.1.1.1 The design and capacity of the heating equipment shall be such that the temperature at any point in the working zone shall not vary from the set heat treating temperature, after the charge has been brought up to
9、 temperature, by more than_2:15F (_2:8.3C) for temperatures not over 1200F (649C), and by more than_2:25F (_2:14C) for temperatures over 1200F (649C). 3.1.1. 2 Thermocouples shall be located in the working zones and shall be adequately protected from furnace atmosphere contamination. 3.1. 2 Heating
10、Media: Protective atmospheres shall be used when heat treating parts with finish machined surfaces at temperatures over 1200F (649 C). Atmospheres shall be of a type which will not react objectionably with the steel being treated and shall be essentially neutral to the carbon con tent of the steel b
11、eing heat treated. Protective atmospheres may be omitted for parts which will have at least 0. 020 in. (0. 51 mm) of metal removed from the surfaces after heat treatment, for parts with non-machined surfaces permitted by part drawing, or for furnace operating temperatures of 1200 F (649 C) or lower.
12、 3. 1. 2. 1 Atmospheric furnaces shall be supplied with precisely controlled atmospheres or equipped with precision atmospheric generators and controls as appropriate. Ducts and working zones shall be sealed to prevent contamination by outside gases. 3.1. 2. 2 Forced circulation is recommended to eq
13、ualize temperatures within the working zone. 3.1. 2. 3 Precautions should be taken when using celtai.n plotective atmospheres below 1400 F (760 C because of potential explosive characteristics. 3. 1. 2. 4 A suitable vacuum may be used in lieu of protective atmosphere, when permitted by purchaser. 3.
14、1. 2. 5 Salts used in salt-bath furnaces shall not react objectionably with the steels being heat treated within the respective working temperature ranges. 3.1. 2. 6 Adequacy of heating media shall be determined as in 3. 5. 2. 3.1. 3 Temperature Controllers: Suitable automatic temperature controllin
15、g and recording instruments, preferably of the potentiometer type, shall be provided on all heat treating equipment to assure adequate control of temperatures in all working zones. 3.1. 4 Quenching Equipment: 3.1. 4.1 Quenching Baths: Means shall be provided for adequate circulation of the cooling m
16、edia, for in dicating the temperature of the media, and for cooling or heating the media, as applicable. Quenching baths shall be of a size and design that the heat transferred by the most massive part to be quenched together with the necessary fixtures to limit warpage will cool the parts at a rate
17、 equal to or exceeding the critical cooling rate for the respective composition and will not significantly increase the temperature of the bath. Effectiveness of the quench shall be deter mined as in 3. 1. 4. 4. 3.1. 4. 2 Water quenching baths employed in cooling steel parts which have been heated i
18、n salt-bath fur naces shall be provided with an inflow of fresh water. During or immediately following quench ing, all salt residues shall be removed from work processed in salt-bath furnaces. - 3-AMS 271“ 3.1. 4. 3 Location of Quenching Equipment: Quenching equipment shall be located in such a mann
19、er and handling facilities shall function with sufficient speed to assure the effectiveness of the quench. 3.1. 4. 4 Effectiveness of Quench: The effectiveness of the transformation shall be ascertained by making hardness tests on the cross-section of representative round specimens of size comparabl
20、e to the maximum cross section of the parts being heat treated after quenching with a production batch. The mid-point as-quenched hardness shall be not lower than the hardness of the end quench hardenability specimen at a distance from the quenched end specified in Table I as cor responding to the d
21、iameter of the specimen. This end-quench hardness shall be taken from the actual hardenability curve determined in accordance with ASTM A225. TABLE I Equivalent Hardness Locations on End-Quench Bars Midpoints of Quenched Bars Distance in Sixteenths of an Inch From Quenched End When Round is Diameter
22、 of Round Water Oil Inches (Millimetres) Quenched Quenched 0.50 ( 12. 7) 1 3 1.00 ( 25. 4) 3 6 1. 50 ( 38.1) 5 9 2.00 ( 50. 8) 8 11 2.50 ( 63. 5) 10 14 3.00 ( 76.2) 13 17 3.50 ( 88. 9) 15 21 4.00 (101. 6) 18 26 3.1. 4. 4. 1 For example, the midpoint hardness of a specimen 1. 50 in. (38. 1 mm) in dia
23、meter quenched in water shall be not less than the hardness found 5/16 in. (7. 9 mm) from the quenched end of an end-quenched hardenability test specimen of the same heat of steel. If the 1. 50-in. (38. 1-mm) specimen were oil quenched, the midpoint hardness shall be not less than the hard ness 9/16
24、 in. (14. 3 mm) from the quenched end of the end-quench specimen. 3.1. 4. 4. 2 The actual material used for testing need not be the same composition as that of the steel from which the parts being treated are made but shall be of comparable hardenability. The length of the cylinder for this test mus
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