NFPA FPH-2008 Fire Protection Handbook (20th Edition)《消防手册(第20版)》.pdf

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1、Twentieth EditionVOLUME IArthur E. Cote, P.E.Editor-in-ChiefCasey C. Grant, P.E. John R. Hall, Jr., Ph.D. Robert E. Solomon, P.E.Associate EditorsPamela A. PowellManaging EditorRonald L. Alpert, Sc.D.Robert P. Benedetti, P.E.Shane M. Clary, Ph.D.Mark T. ConroyRichard L. P. Custer, M.Sc.Christian Dub

2、ay, P.E.John A. Granito, Ed.D.David R. Hague, P.E.John R. Hall, Jr., Ph.D.Gregory E. Harrington, P.E.Edward Kirtley, M.A.L. Jeffrey MatternGuylne Proulx, Ph.D.Milosh T. Puchovsky, P.E.Carl H. Rivkin, P.E.Steven F. SawyerRobert E. Solomon, P.E.Amy Beasley SpencerGary TokleRobert J. Vondrasek, P.E.Sec

3、tion EditorsNational Fire Protection AssociationQuincy, MassachusettsFIRE PROTECTION HANDBOOKfm.indd i 11/7/2007 4:30:03 PMEditor-in-Chief: Arthur E. Cote, P.E.Associate Editors: Casey C. Grant, P.E.John R. Hall, Jr., Ph.D.Robert E. Solomon, P.E.Managing Editor: Pamela A. PowellSenior Developmental

4、Editor: Robine J. AndrauDevelopmental Editor: Betsey HenkelsPermissions Editor: Michael GammellProject Editor: Irene HerlihyEditorial-Production Services: Omegatype Typography, Inc.Interior Design: Cheryl LangwayCover Design: Cameron, Inc.Manufacturing Manager: Ellen J. GliskerPrinter: Courier/Westf

5、ordCopyright 2008National Fire Protection AssociationOne Batterymarch ParkQuincy, Massachusetts 02169-7471All rights reserved.Notice Concerning Liability: Publication of this work is for the purpose of circulating informa-tion and opinion among those concerned for fire and electrical safety and rela

6、ted subjects. While every effort has been made to achieve a work of high quality, neither NFPAnor the authors and other contributors to this work guarantee the accuracy or completeness of or assume any liability in connection with the information and opinions contained in this work. The NFPA and the

7、 authors and other contributors in no way shall be liable for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance upon this work.This work is pu

8、blished with the understanding that the NFPA and the authors and other con-tributors to this work are supplying information and opinion but are not attempting to render engi-neering, design, legal, or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate profes

9、sional should be sought.The NFPA codes and standards reproduced or referenced in this book are made available for use subject to Important Notices and Legal Disclaimers, which can be viewed at http:/www.nfpa.org/disclaimers.The following are trademarks and registered trademarks of the National Fire

10、Protection Association:National Fire Protection AssociationNFPAFire Protection HandbookFPHTMBuilding Construction and Safety Code and NFPA 5000Learn Not to BurnLife Safety Code and 101National Electrical Codeand NECNational Fire CodesNational Fire Alarm Codeand NFPA 72Risk WatchSparkyNFPA No.: FPH20

11、08ISBN-10: 0-87765-758-0ISBN-13: 978-0-87765-758-3Library of Congress Control No.: 2007928644Printed in the United States of America08 09 10 11 12 5 4 3 2 1fm.indd ii 11/7/2007 4:30:04 PMIn recognition of his extraordinary service as founder and professor of the fire protection engineering program a

12、t the University of Maryland, as chairman of the NFPA Board of Directors, as chairman of the NFPA Standards Council, as leader and mentor, this handbook is dedicated to Dr. John L. Bryan.Dedicationfm.indd iii 11/7/2007 4:30:04 PMfm.indd iv 11/7/2007 4:30:04 PMv1.1 Challenges to Safety in the Built E

13、nvironment John R. Hall, Jr., and Erin R. Twomey 1-3 1.2 Fundamentals of Structurally Safe Building Design Bonnie E. Manley 1-311.3 Codes and Standards for the Built Environment Arthur E. Cote and Casey C. Grant 1-511.4 Legal Issues for the Designer and Enforcer Arthur E. Schwartz 1-731.5 Fire Preve

14、ntion and Code Enforcement Ronald R. Farr and Steven F. Sawyer 1-811.6 Premises Security Lauris V. Freidenfelds 1-951.7 Protecting Against Extreme Events Brian J. Meacham and Carl Galioto 1-1091.8 Emergency Management and Business Continuity Donald L. Schmidt 1-1371.9 Systems Approach to Fire-Safe B

15、uilding Design John M. Watts, Jr. 1-157SECTION 1Safety in the Built Environment 1-12.1 Physics and Chemistry of Fire Dougal Drysdale 2-32.2 Physics of Fire Configuration Ronald L. Alpert 2-212.3 Flammability Hazard of Materials Daniel Madrzykowski and David W. Stroup 2-312.4 Dynamics of Compartment

16、Fire Growth Richard L. P. Custer 2-492.5 Basics of Fire Containment Marc L. Janssens 2-592.6 Fundamentals of Fire Detection Richard L. P. Custer and James A. Milke 2-752.7 Theory of Fire Extinguishment Hong-Zeng Yu and Jeffrey S. Newman 2-792.8 Explosions Robert Zalosh 2-93SECTION 2Basics of Fire an

17、d Fire Science 2-1Preface xvIntroduction xviiContentsfm.indd v 11/7/2007 4:30:04 PMvi Contents3.1 An Overview of the Fire Problem and Fire Protection John R. Hall, Jr., and Arthur E. Cote 3-33.2 Fire Loss Investigation Richard L. P. Custer and David T. Sheppard 3-313.3 Fire Data Collection and Datab

18、ases Marty Ahrens and Stan Stewart 3-433.4 Use of Fire Incident Data and Statistics Marty Ahrens, Patricia Frazier, and Gayle Kelch 3-613.5 Introduction to Fire Modeling Craig L. Beyler, Philip J. DiNenno, Douglas J. Carpenter, and John M. Watts, Jr. 3-933.6 Applying Models to Fire Protection Engine

19、ering Problems and Fire Investigations Richard L. P. Custer, David T. Sheppard, and Christopher B. Wood 3-1113.7 Fire Hazard Analysis Techniques Morgan J. Hurley and Richard W. Bukowski 3-1213.8 Fire Risk Analysis John R. Hall, Jr., and John M. Watts, Jr. 3-1353.9 Closed Form Enclosure Fire Calculat

20、ions Edward K. Budnick, Sean P. Hunt, and Mark T. Wright 3-1453.10 Performance-Based Codes and Standards for Fire Safety Milosh T. Puchovsky and Morgan J. Hurley 3-1673.11 Overview of Performance-Based Fire Protection Design Frederick W. Mowrer and Eric R. Rosenbaum 3-183SECTION 3Information and Ana

21、lysis for Fire Protection 3-14.1 Human Behavior and Fire John L. Bryan 4-34.2 Calculation Methods for Egress Prediction Rita F. Fahy 4-494.3 Concepts of Egress Design James K. Lathrop 4-694.4 Techniques of Crowd Management John J. Fruin 4-934.5 Strategies for Occupant Evacuation During Emergencies D

22、aniel J. OConnor and Bert Cohn 4-103SECTION 4Human Factors in Emergencies 4-15.1 Principles and Techniques of Fire and Life Safety Education Edward Kirtley 5-35.2 Fire and Life Safety Education Messages Ernest Grant and Rodney Eksteen 5-21SECTION 5Fire and Life Safety Education 5-1fm.indd vi 11/7/20

23、07 4:30:05 PMContents vii5.3 Disaster Preparedness Education Gerri Penney 5-295.4 Medias Role in Fire and Life Safety Education Robin J. Adair 5-455.5 Reaching High-Risk Groups Sharon Gamache 5-635.6 Juvenile Firesetting Paul Schwartzman 5-875.7 Using Data for Public Education Planning and Decision

24、Making John R. Hall, Jr. 5-1035.8 Evaluation Techniques for Fire and Life Safety Education John R. Hall, Jr., and Michael W. Weller 5-1196.1 Fire Hazards of Materials Robert P. Benedetti 6-36.2 Combustion Products and Their Effects on Life Safety Richard G. Gann and Nelson P. Bryner 6-116.3 Concepts

25、 and Protocols of Fire Testing Marcelo M. Hirschler 6-356.4 Wood and Wood-Based Products John M. Cholin 6-616.5 Fibers and Textiles Jeffrey O. Stull and Salvatore A. Chines 6-756.6 Upholstered Furniture and Mattresses Vytenis Babrauskas 6-1036.7 Fire-Retardant and Flame-Resistant Treatment of Cellul

26、osic Materials James R. Shaw 6-1296.8 Dusts Richard F. Schwab 6-1416.9 Metals Tom Christman 6-1536.10 Gases Theodore C. Lemoff 6-1656.11 Medical Gases Mark Allen 6-1876.12 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Orville M. Slye, Jr. 6-1976.13 Polymeric Materials Robert P. Benedetti and Guy R. Colonna 6-20

27、96.14 Pesticides in the Workplace Fred Whitford 6-2336.15 Explosives and Blasting Agents Lon D. Santis 6-2476.16 Manufacture and Storage of Aerosol Products David L. Fredrickson 6-2576.17 Tables and Charts Vytenis Babrauskas 6-269SECTION 6Characteristics of Materials and Products 6-17.1 Storage and

28、Handling of Solid Fuels Kenneth W. Dungan 7-37.2 Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Anthony M. Ordile 7-157.3 Storage of Gases Theodore C. Lemoff and Carl H. Rivkin 7-357.4 Storage and Handling of Chemicals John A. Davenport 7-437.5 Hazardous Waste Control Paul R. Severson 7-57SECTION 7Sto

29、rage and Handling of Materials 7-1fm.indd vii 11/7/2007 4:30:05 PMviii Contents8.1 Air-Moving Equipment Jane I. Lataille 8-38.2 Chemical Processing Equipment Richard F. Schwab 8-178.3 Materials-Handling Equipment John K. Bouchard 8-318.4 Automated Equipment L. Jeffrey Mattern 8-438.5 Lasers Fred P.

30、Seeber 8-518.6 Protection of Electronic Equipment Brian P. Rawson 8-578.7 Heat Transfer Systems and Fluids John A. LeBlanc 8-658.8 Industrial and Commercial Heat Utilization Equipment Raymond Ostrowski 8-718.9 Oil Quenching and Molten Salt Baths Raymond Ostrowski 8-938.10 Stationary Combustion Engin

31、es and Fuel Cells James B. Biggins 8-1058.11 Fluid Power Systems Paul K. Schacht 8-1138.12 Refrigeration Systems Henry L. Febo, Jr. 8-1178.13 Electrical Systems and Appliances Robert M. Milatovich 8-127SECTION 8Special Equipment 8-19.1 Woodworking Facilities and Processes John M. Cholin 9-39.2 Spray

32、 Finishing and Powder Coating Don R. Scarbrough 9-279.3 Dipping and Coating Processes John Katunar III 9-399.4 Plastics Industry and Related Process Hazards George Ouellette 9-539.5 Metalworking Processes Paul G. Dobbs 9-679.6 Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work August F. Manz and Mark E. Blank 9-7

33、39.7 Storage and Handling of Grain Mill Products James E. Maness and Lee M. Sargent 9-859.8 Protection of Records James A. Beals 9-1059.9 Semiconductor Manufacturing Vinnie DeGiorgio and Heron Peterkin 9-1199.10 Oilseed Solvent Extraction Plants C. Louis Kingsbaker 9-1319.11 Protection of Wastewater

34、 Treatment Plants James F. Wheeler 9-1419.12 Fire Protection of Laboratories Using Chemicals Richard R. Anderson 9-1579.13 Fire Protection of Telecommunications Facilities Ralph E. Transue 9-1679.14 Electric Generating Plants Daniel J. Sheridan 9-1799.15 Nuclear Facilities Wayne D. Holmes 9-1919.16

35、Mining and Mineral Processing Larry J. Moore 9-2039.17 Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres Keisa Rosales and Joel M. Stoltzfus 9-225SECTION 9Processes and Facilities 9-1fm.indd viii 11/7/2007 4:30:06 PMContents ix10.1 Emergency and Standby Power Supplies Dan Chisholm, Sr. 10-310.2 Heating Systems and Applia

36、nces Peter J. Gore Willse 10-910.3 Building Transportation Systems Edward A. Donoghue 10-5710.4 Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems William A. Webb 10-6910.5 Ventilation of Commercial Cooking Operations David P. Demers 10-7710.6 Boiler Furnaces L. Jeffrey Mattern, Eugene Catania, and Shelton Eh

37、rlich 10-91SECTION 10Building Services 10-111.1 Waste Handling and Control Lawrence G. Doucet and Sharon S. Gilyeat 11-311.2 Housekeeping Practices L. Jeffrey Mattern 11-2711.3 Building and Site Planning for Fire Safety Albert M. Comly, Jr. 11-3911.4 Fire Hazards of Construction, Alteration, and Dem

38、olition of Buildings Richard J. Davis 11-4711.5 Control of Electrostatic Ignition Sources Don R. Scarbrough 11-5911.6 Lightning Protection Systems John M. Caloggero 11-69SECTION 11Fire Prevention Practices 11-112.1 Planning for Public Fire-Rescue Protection John A. Granito 12-312.2 Organizational Be

39、nchmarking and Performance Evaluation Dorinda Cline 12-2312.3 Needs Assessment and Hazard Analysis William F. Jenaway 12-4112.4 Managing Fire-Rescue Departments Rebecca F. Denlinger 12-5112.5 Information Management and Computer Technology Brian P. Duggan 12-7912.6 Liability of Fire Service Organizat

40、ions for Negligent Fire Fighting Maureen Brodoff 12-9912.7 Safety, Medical, and Health Issues and Programs Murrey E. Loflin 12-10712.8 Effect of Building Construction and Fire Protection Systems on Fire Fighter Safety Glenn P. Corbett 12-12712.9 Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Pr

41、otective Equipment Bruce W. Teele 12-14312.10 Training Programs for Fire and Emergency Service Personnel Jerry W. Laughlin 12-16112.11 Industrial Fire Loss Prevention Michael Snyder 12-17712.12 Disaster Planning and Response Services William Van Helden and Terry Stewart 12-199SECTION 12Non-Emergency

42、 Fire Department Functions 12-1fm.indd ix 11/7/2007 4:30:06 PMx Contents12.13 GIS for Fire Station Locations and Response Protocols Russ Johnson and Mike Price 12-21512.14 Fire Rescue Stations and Fire Service Training Centers David J. Acomb and Roger M. LeBoeuf 12-23312.15 Public Emergency Services

43、 Alarm, Dispatch, and Communications Systems John M. Merklinger 12-25312.16 Fire Department Apparatus and Equipment Robert Tutterow 12-26712.17 Pre-Incident Planning for Industrial and Municipal Emergency Response Michael J. Serapiglia 12-28912.18 Pre-Incident Planning for Emergency Response John No

44、rman 12-29912.19 Community Risk Reduction Edward Kirtley 12-30913.1 Fireground Operations Bernard J. Klaene and Russell Sanders 13-313.2 Organizing Rescue Operations Richard Wright 13-1313.3 Fire Streams Michael A. Wieder 13-2313.4 Alternate Water Supplies Laurence J. Stewart 13-3713.5 Wildland Fire

45、 Management James C. Smalley 13-5313.6 Public Fire Protection and Hazmat Management Michael S. Hildebrand and Gregory G. Noll 13-8113.7 Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) Jack Kreckie 13-9913.8 Managing the Response to Hazardous Material Incidents Charles J. Wright 13-11713.9 Emergency Medical

46、 Services and the Fire Department Jack J. Krakeel 13-145SECTION 13Organizing for Public Sector Emergency Response 13-114.1 Fire Alarm Systems Wayne D. Moore 14-314.2 Automatic Fire Detectors Kenneth W. Dungan 14-1514.3 Notification Appliances Robert P. Schifiliti 14-2914.4 Fire Alarm System Intercon

47、nections Fred Leber 14-3914.5 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Fire Alarm Systems John M. Cholin 14-5314.6 Household Fire-Warning Equipment Daniel T. Gottuk 14-7914.7 Fire Protection Surveillance and Security Services Lawrence J. Wenzel 14-8914.8 Gas and Vapor Detection Systems and Monitors J

48、ohn M. Cholin 14-9914.9 Carbon Monoxide Detection in Residential Occupancies Art Black 14-11314.10 Security and Intrusion Detection Systems Shane M. Clary 14-119SECTION 14Detection and Alarm 14-1fm.indd x 11/7/2007 4:30:07 PMContents xi15.1 Fixed Water Storage Supplies for Fire Protection Bruce A. Edwards 15-315.2 Water Supply Requirements for Public Supply Systems Lawrence J. Wenzel 15-2315.3 Hydraulics for Fire Protection Kenneth W. Linder 15-3515.4 Water Supplies for Sprinkler Systems Wayne M. Martin 15-6315.5 Microbiologically Influence