2018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型3阅读理解专项训练十二科普知识与现代科技（含解析）.doc

《2018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型3阅读理解专项训练十二科普知识与现代科技（含解析）.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型3阅读理解专项训练十二科普知识与现代科技（含解析）.doc（11页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、1专 项 训 练 十 二 科 普 知 识 与 现 代 科 技时间：810 分钟/篇 分值：2 分/小题Passage 1(2018 南京)A new report shows what life might be like in 100 years from now. It describes skyscrapers that are much taller than todays buildings, underwater bubble cities and holidays in space. The report is from a company. It asked experts(专

2、家) on space and architecture, as well as city planners, to give their ideas on the life in 2116. They said the way we live, work and play will be totally different to how we do these things today. The experts used the Internet as an example. They said that 25 years ago, people could not imagine how

3、the Internet and smartphones would change our lives. The Internet has completely changed the way we communicate, learn and do daily things. The experts said the changes in the next century would be even more unbelievable.Researchers questioned 2，000 adults about the predictions(预言) they thought were

4、 most likely(很可能的) to happen in the future. They predicted that in the future, few people will go to an office but will work from home and have work meetings online. People will have highly developed 3D printers that will let you download(下载) a design for furniture or a food recipe and then print th

5、e sofa, table or pizza at home. There will also be less need for visits to the doctor. We will all have a home health instrument that will tell us what the problem is and give us treatment. We will also be going into space for holidays and to get resources that we have used up on Earth. A prediction

6、 that is missing is whether people will still need to study English.( )1. The writer uses the example of the Internet in Paragraph 1 to show _A. the Internet was often usedB. the Internet has developed fastC. people will not believe the changesD. technology will change peoples lives( )2. With the he

7、lp of highly developed 3D printers, a way to get a sofa in 2116 is to _A. buy one in a shopB. ask somebody to make oneC. download a design and print oneD. design and make one by oneself( )3. According to the passage, the missing prediction is _A. how people will workB. where people will get resource

8、sC. what people will have at home to treat illnessD. whether people will still need to learn English( )4. The passage is mainly about _A. the life in 2116 B. holidays in spaceC. the history of the Internet D. medical treatment2( )5. The passage is most probably from _A. an advertisement B. a newspap

9、erC. a detective story D. a health reportPassage 2(2018 山西)When I opened my email the other day, Rachel, a pretty woman, appeared on my computer screen. She greeted me by name and started talking happily. Sometimes she stopped to smile at me or blow a kiss. It was cool, right? In fact, she was readi

10、ng to me an email from my brother John.Rachel could be there because of a new technology called Facemail. Facemail lets you send emails in a funny way. By using it, your emails can be read to the receiver by an attractive person or by a clown. You can download the software at www.F without paying. F

11、acemail faces are lively and they can simulate the emotions that you put in your text. For example, type in ， and Rachel blows a kiss.LifeFX, the company that developed the Facemail, is sure there are wide business uses. Why is ebusiness not so popular now? One of the reasons is that buying online h

12、as no human touch. But if you go to the Nike website, and the famous basketball star Michael Jordan greets you by name, serves you, and personally closes_the_sale,_ wont you be happy? Also, if mom cant be home when kids get back from school, she can leave a note with a voice and picture on the scree

13、n to tell them what there is to eat.Its true that Facemail makes life easy and fun, but it should be used with care. The clown looks lively and funny at first. But if you choose the clown, put a few rude words in an email and add some angry emotions, youve got a Psycho mail.( )1. In fact, who is Rac

14、hel?A. She is a pretty actress. B. She is Johns girlfriend.C. She is not a real person.( )2. What is the main advantage of Facemail?A. You dont need to pay for it.B. Email can be attractive in a more lovely way.C. You can ask a beautiful woman to read the email to you.( )3. What does the underlined

15、expression “closes the sale” probably mean?A. 停止营业 B. 达成交易 C. 取消折扣( )4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?3A. You shouldnt choose a clown.B. Facemail can be widely used in business.C. Mom can show her kids how to cook by Facemail.( )5. What is the writers attitude(态度) towards F

16、acemail?A. He thinks its a danger to the Internet.B. He thinks it needs further improvement.C. He thinks its a cool and funny technology.Passage 3(2018 重庆 B 卷)Many homes have cameras to protect them from danger. The cameras can tell the owners if someone has entered. But the cameras do not know whet

17、her the person is a family member, a friend, a postman or a criminal(罪犯)But a new camera made by a French company can recognize(辨别出) faces. It can tell parents at work that their children have returned from school, or that the mail has been sent to their home. It can also tell them if a stranger has

18、 entered their home. When family members enter a home, the smart camera “recognizes” them and sends information to the owners phone. The owner can choose to see the video then or later. But if an unknown person enters a home, the camera will send a warning sound on the owners phone.This is what happ

19、ened recently to a smart home camera owner named Damien. He lives in Paris.“On a Friday I was at work, having a big monthly meeting when my phone moved. At first I told myself Oh, it must be a wrong warn， but my phone was telling me there was a face that the camera did not recognize. Something was h

20、appening in my house! ”“I saw a person I did not know with his shoes on, which is not allowed in my apartment(公寓). I watched it on the video. I felt quite surprised. I hurried back home as fast as possible and called the police on the way. Thanks to the smart camera, the criminal was caught soon， ”

21、said Damien.( )1. The new smart camera is different from the ones in many homes because it can_.A. protect the owner B. help a school childC. recognize faces D. call the police( )2. In Damiens apartment, people cant _A. wear shoes B. watch videos C. have cameras D. send mails( )3. If we put the pass

22、age into three parts, which of the following is the best?(Para.(自然段)1 Para.2 Para.3Para.4 Para.5)A. ； B. ；C. ； D. ；( )4. The best title of the passage may be “_” A. Catching Criminals in a Better Way B. Strange Video Faces4C. Warning Sound on the Phone D. Smart Home CamerasPassage 4(2018 德州)Hover Ca

23、mera(无人相机)Wang Mengqiu, the inventor of Hover Camera, was born in Hangzhou in 1982. He once studied at Stanford University in the United States. He became famous overnight(一夜成名) because of the invention.Forget selfie sticks(自拍杆 )! Compared to other cameras, Hover Camera has many advantages.*It can f

24、ly and stay in midair, track your face and even follow you to make sure it gets the perfect picture.*It can be controlled by using a smartphone(智能手机)*It records movements with a 13MP camera and takes 4K video.*It is the best choice for weddings, sports games and holidays.Mr. Wang also said, “The mai

25、n design consideration is easy and safe to take for the users. Its very light and small. It can be folded(折叠) in two, so it can be easily put into a bag. When the power is low, it can land on the ground safely on its own.”Its reported that the company has raised $25 million to produce it. As it is s

26、till being tested(测试), Hover Camera can be bought later this year.The price has not yet been decided. But a spokesman says the company hopes to sell it for less than $600.( )1. Hover Camera can_A. swim in the water B. fly in the midairC. change its weight D. be used as a phone( )2. The underlined wo

27、rd “track” means _A. pull B. follow C. push D. show( )3. According to the passage, why is Hover Camera easy and safe to take?A. Its light and small.B. It can be folded in three.C. It doesnt need power.D. Only a smartphone can make it land.( )4. Which is not mentioned in the passage?A. How can we con

28、trol Hover Camera?B. When can we buy Hover Camera?C. How much is Hover Camera?D. How popular will Hover Camera be?( )5. According to the passage, Wang Mengqiu is a _ young man.A. brave B. quiet C. creative D. humorous5Passage 5(2018 威海)The Building That MovesEveryone knows that buildings dont move.

29、They cant change the way they look. However, architect(建筑师)David Fisher wants to change that. Fisher has an amazing idea. He wants to make 80story buildings that change shape. Each floor will move around slowly. The floors will move at different speeds. Because of this, the shape of the building is

30、always changing. “These buildings will never look the same， ”says Fisher.His idea is an interesting one. However, Fisher doesnt stop there. He also wants the building to be “green”. The building will make its own energy. In most buildings, only the top floor has a roof(屋顶 ). In Fishers building, eac

31、h floor will have its own roof. The roofs each have solar panels(太阳能板). This means a lot more solar energy. Also, machines between each floor of the building will catch the wind. They will turn the wind into energy. Fishers ideas sound impossible. However, thats_what_people_also_said_before_humans_t

32、raveled_into_space!( )1. The passage is mainly talking about_A. buildings for the futureB. the life of an architectC. how green buildings work( )2. The underlined word “80story”means the building has 80_A. shapes B. floors C. different speeds( )3. Fishers building can make its own energy because the

33、 building_A. is tall and always movingB. is tall and has many solar panelsC. is always moving and has many solar panels( )4. The Fishers building will NOT get energy from_A. the sun B. the water C. the wind( )5. Why does the writer say “thats_what_people_also_said_before_humans_traveled_into_space”？

34、A. To show why Fishers building will never work.B. To show why Fishers building is like a spaceship.C. To show that unusual ideas can sometimes work.Passage 6(2018 福州)6Pollution inside homes and other buildings kills more than 4 million people each year. Many people die as a result of breathing smok

35、e or from cooking over woodpowered or coalpowered stoves.One way to reduce the number of deaths is through cooking equipment powered by the sun. Crosby Menzies, a solar power expert in a South African company, described his latest solar cooker called the “Sol 4”. “It is four square meters of mirrors

36、, six to eight meters in length. It is quite a large cooker.”The “Sol 4” works by reflecting (反射) light from the sun off large mirrors. The mirrors direct (把对准) the light at a cooking pan. Then the light heats the pan with solar energy. Within two minutes, the pan is hot enough to cook sausages and

37、onions. In just four minutes, water can be boiled. That is as fast as cooking with natural gas or electricity.The cooker is also much “friendlier” than other models because people do not have to stand in the sun to use it. And people can prepare meals without having to collect firewood or spend mone

38、y on coal. Such individuals would be less likely to have breathing illnesses from harmful smoke.At present, the cooker only works when the sun is shining.But engineers are working on a way to make it work without sunlight.Each cooker costs about $2，000, which is a large amount of money for most Afri

39、cans.To solve that problem, Crosby Menzies has created a nongovermental organization called Solar Cookers for Africa. It plans to raise money through donations to provide poor people with solar cooking equipment.( )1. This passage is mainly about _A. solar cookers B. smoke pollutionC. solar power ex

40、perts D. breathing illnesses( )2. The “Sol 4” is mainly used to_A. shorten the time of cookingB. reduce the cost of making cookersC. raise money through donations to help African peopleD. reduce the number of deaths caused by harmful smoke( )3. The underlined word “individuals” most probably means “

41、_”A. cookers B. mirrors C. people D. experts( )4. Which of the following about the “Sol 4” is TRUE?A. It is six to eight square meters of mirrors.B. It can work in any weather condition now.C. It can also heat the pan by lighting firewood.D. It is more environmentfriendly than other cookers.( )5. Fr

42、om the passage, we can infer that _A. the “Sol 4” will be designed in a smaller size7B. more Africans can use the solar cookers in the futureC. the “Sol 4” is the first product of the South African companyD. the African government will provide poor people with solar cookersPassage 7(2018 广州)Getting

43、electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa, a small village in Peru, South America. However, things went from bad to worse in March 2015 after heavy rains damaged the only power cables in the area. The villagers were forced to use oil lamps, which are not only e

44、xpensive but also dangerous because of the harmful gases they produce.Luckily，researchers at the University of Technology (UT) in Lima, Peru heard about their problem and found a wonderful solution. They made a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil, both of which can be easily found in the Ama

45、zonian rainforest where the village lies. The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up an LED light bulb. While that may sound amazing and even impossible, the science behind the idea is quite simple. As plants create their food(using the suns energy, water and

46、chemicals from the soil), they also produce waste which they return to the soil. Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons the building blocks of electrical energy. The UT team put special sticks inside the soil to capture the energy and keep it in the lamps batteries for la

47、ter use. The researchers say a single charge can power a 50watt LED light for two hours enough time for local villagers to get their evening work done.The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoa in October 2015. So far, they have been a huge success! Elmer Ramirez, the UT p

48、rofessor who invented the lamp believes the Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people, especially small rainforest communities, 42% of whom have no electricity.( )1. What are the problems of oil lamps according to Paragraph 1?A. They are difficult to use and create pollution.B. They are

49、 expensive to buy and easily damaged.C. They are difficult to repair and produce little light.D. They are expensive to use and can be bad for health.( )2. The electricity made by the Plant Lamp comes from_A. plant food B. plant waste C. the soils heat D. the suns energy( )3. What is true about the Pla