2019年中考英语专项练习阅读理解之科普知识与现代科技.doc

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1、12019 年中考英语专项练习阅读理解之科普知识与现代科技含答案第一节 阅读理解。根据短文内容，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。AArtificial intelligence(AI，人工智能)can help us make phone calls. It can guide us to where we want to go. It can play games. And now，AI can do even more things.Researchers from Microsoft have created the first machine translatio

2、n system that can translate news articles from Chinese to English.The researchers tested the system by asking it to translate hundreds of sentences taken from news stories. Then，language experts compared the results to the translation that were done by humans. The experts said that the systems trans

3、lations were as good as the human translations.Experts used several methods to improve the systems translation abilities. “Much of our research is really learned from how we humans do things，” lead researcher Liu Tieyan said.One method is called dual learning(对偶学习). In this method，the system transla

4、tes every sentence from Chinese to English，as well as translates the sentences back from English into Chinese. This way，the system can improve itself and learn from its own mistakes. This is similar to what humans do to make sure their translations are exact.Another method makes use of deliberation

5、networks(推敲网络)The researchers taught the system to repeat the process of translating the same sentence over and over. Gradually，the system can improve the quality of its translations. This is similar to how people correct their own writing by going through it again and again.( )1. Microsoft created

6、a system that can _.A. make phone callsB. give people directionsC. play games with peopleD. translate news articles( )2. What did the experts say about the systems translations?A. They were not exact.B. They were as good as human translations.C. They were better than human translations.D. Its hard t

7、o tell whether the translations were correct.( )3. Dual learning trains the system to translate _.A. more quicklyB. different sentencesC. more exactlyD. the same sentence repeatedly2( )4. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to _.A. dual learning B. the processC. the systemD. people

8、s own writing( )5. The passage wants to tell us _.A. what artificial intelligence can do for usB. how sentences are translated from Chinese to EnglishC. how the machine translation system was developedD. why Microsoft created a machine translation systemBTeenagers are known for being creative and fu

9、ll of new ideas. Lets have a look at these teenage inventions that might change the world.Banana leaves usually go bad in two or three days. Tenth Hadith, a teenager from India, used UV to make the leaves stay fresh for a year. Tenth thinks that one day the leaves will be used for making plates, cup

10、s and other things. David Cohen, an American teenager, built an earthworm(蚯蚓) robot. It is able to go into the smallest places, where humans or dogs cant go. It will be used for finding people in a fire or an earthquake. Remya Jose, a 14-year-old from India, found it tiring and boring to hand wash c

11、lothes in the nearby river. She reused some bicycle parts and created a washing machine that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at the same time. Kenneth Shinozuku, a 15-year-old from New York, noticed that his grandfather who got Alzheimers disease（老年痴呆） would often leave home and get lost. So

12、 he invented the wearable sensors(感应器)to help people find their family members like his grandfather. ( )1. What is the passage mainly about?A. Popular adsB. Useful machines3C. Strange pictures.D. Teenage inventions( )2. The earthworm robot by David Cohen can _.A. make things stay freshB. help people

13、 wash clothesC. go into the smallest placesD. take care of the old people( )3. Which of the following is TRUEA. Plates and cups are made of fresh banana leaves.B. Remyas washing machine can also keep people fit.C. David Cohen is a middle school student from India.D. Kenneths wearable sensors will ke

14、ep old people at home.CTechnology is everywhere. We see it any place we go and， in fact， almost all of us carry some piece oftechnology with us every time we leave the house. What I always forget， though， is just how useful and powerful technology can be when we want to help othersThere is not a sin

15、gle room in my house that does not have some electronic devices（设备） lying around init. Whenever I am at home， I am almost always using at least one electronic device. If you walked into my living room on any given day， you would find that， first， I have the television on. At the same time， I usually

16、 have my laptop resting on my knee， or I will be using my mobile phone， Even when im not at home I am always using my phone， and at work or in cafes， I sit down and connect to the local wireless network on myopic.I must say that I waste a lot of time on the computer and the time I spend on it could

17、be much better spent if I were to take up a little online volunteeringThe technology we carry about everywhere can have a great power to do good for the world and to help others and recently I discovered just how much online volunteering there is to do in the world. From using your language skills t

18、o do translations， to developing and managing projects and helping with IT work， there is so much that so many people can do to help people in their own countries and across the world. The United Nations， in fact， has a huge page with Volunteers Recruited on its website.This work can support the poo

19、r and help charities who cannot pay for staff. Many organizations only 4require you to work an hour a week-some even less. And the support provided by online volunteers can really help make a difference to those in need.( )1. From Paragraph 2， we can know that the writer A. uses technology a lot B.

20、works in a cafeC. is a computer engineer D. likes modern music( )2. The underlined word Recruitedin Paragraph 4 means“ ”A. Ordered B. Wanted C. Visited D. Warned( )3. In the writers opinion， people should spend more time with technology.A. working on computer programs B. keeping the Internet safeC.

21、inventing electronic products D. helping people in need( )4. What can be the best title for the passage？A. Website Design B. Internet OrganizationsC. Online Volunteering D. Online TranslationDDo you find it difficult to put down your mobile phone?If yes，youre not alone. These days，many people are fa

22、cing the stress in the use of mobile phones. They reach for their mobile phones when they wake up in the morning，and keep checking their social media apps to get the latest updates(更新)A report from Google shows that 70 percent of people dont want to spend much time on their phones. This is why Googl

23、e introduced an app called Dashboard for the new Android operating system(安卓操作系统). This new app includes functions(功能) that help users manage the time. For example，users can see how many times theyve unlocked their phone，how many times theyve checked their social media apps，and how much time they sp

24、end on each app every day.Once the users see this information，theyll be able to make some changes. With the App Timer(计时) function，users can set a time limit for how long they can use each app for every day. After theyve hit the limit，they wont be able to use the app until the next day. And with ano

25、ther function，the app gets incoming calls silent when the user puts the phone face down.If people truly want to make full use of their free time instead of losing hours on their phones，these new functions are just one way of doing that.After all，who needs to use an app to stop you from using other a

26、pps? The easiest answer would be just to use your willpower.( )1. Where does the users stress come from?A. Too many updates of the apps.B. Too many functions of the apps.C. Too much information they receive.5D. Too much time they spend on the phone.( )2. Which of the followings is NOT included in Da

27、shboards functions?A. It stops the users from using their willpower.B. It checks how much time the users spend on apps.C. It lists how many times the users have unlocked the phone.D. It shows how many times the users have checked social media apps.( )3. What does the underlined word “limit” in Parag

28、raph 4 mean?A. 目的 B. 标准C. 许可 D. 限制( )4. What does the writer think of Dashboard?A. Its design is perfect.B. It may be helpful to some people.C. It needs more functions.D. It has too many functions.EShyness can be an unhappy feeling. But the good news is, youre not alone. Scientists say that more tha

29、n 40 percent of teenagers and adults consider themselves shy. Shyness is feeling a little nervous or as if you want to hide when youre around other people or in a new situation._ Scientists say such things as genetics（遗传基因）， life experiences， and environment can influence whether a person is shy. Fo

30、r example, in some families, everybody seems to be shy.What happens if you are shy? Well, being shy may cause you to avoid or miss opportunities you would enjoy.How do people overcome (克服)shyness? This is what Gilbert tells us. “When I started off trying to get over being shy, I decided to do little

31、 steps at a time, including practicing smiling and saying hi to people. And it worked for me. “But shyness is not the kind of thing that most people can get over overnight. Overcoming shyness take time and needs practice.Here are some tips given by scientists.Think of what to talk about before you l

32、eave home. Prepare things to talk about before youre in a social situation. For example, if you know your classmates are interested in an upcoming event, learn about it so you can join in the conversations.Let people know youre shy. If youre shy, just show it. Instead of letting people guess, tell t

33、hem the truth. Explain that you are shy and feel nervous but enjoy talking to people.6Make things easy for the other person. Remember, youre not the only shy person around. Do what you think might help others feel good-for example, say hello or smile.Pick one social skill to practice at a time. Star

34、t simply. For example, smile or be the first person to say hi. Choose skills you feel comfortable enough with to practice for a day, a week, a month, or even a year.( )1. Which of the following can be put in the blank in Paragraph2?A. What is shyness?B. What makes people shy?C. Can shyness be good f

35、or us?D. Can we overcome shyness?( )2. The example of Gilbert in Paragraph 4 is given to _.A. show how people overcome shynessB. introduce a shy girl called GilbertC. tell the right time to practice smilingD. explain the steps of overcoming shyness( )3. What does the underlined word “overnight“ in P

36、aragraph 5 most probably mean?A. Correctly.B. Suddenly.C. Slowly.D. Finally.( )4. Which of the following is the right way to overcome shyness?A. Dont let others know that you are shy.B. Wait for others to say hello to you first.C. Choose several skills to practice at a time.D. Get ready before you j

37、oin in a social situation.FPossible EarthLike Planet Next DoorScientists say they discovered an earthlike planet outside our solar system(太阳系). It is a planet that could support life.This planet is just 4.2 light years away from us. It is so close that space scientists have considered it as a next d

38、oor neighbor. They say it could be reached by an unmanned spaceship before the end of the centuryin time for people alive today to see it.7An international team of scientists found the planet moving around the star called “Proxima Centauri”. The result came out last month from the scientific magazin

39、e Nature.Scientists have long thought that a planet with water is important for life. And it has to be neither too hot nor too cold. The newlydiscovered planet is a little larger than earth. Scientists have named it Proxima B. It moves around its sun，Proximal Central once every 11 days.American scie

40、ntists have been using instruments for years to look for earthlike planets. In 2013，scientists best guess was that there are about one billion(1,000 million) “earths” in space.Alan Boss is the chairman of a group for outer space research. He said that Proxima B not only confirms(确认) the discovery of

41、 a planet，but also increases the number of other possible “earths” greatly.Boss said it is possible，even likely，that most stars have at least one earthlike planet，which he considers surprising.So from the early number of a billion，this new research suggests there may be as many possible earthlike pl

42、anets as there are stars in the Galaxy(银河系). That is，anywhere from 250 billion to 500 billion“earths”This makes the possibility of living things increasingly likely. Boss said he believes human beings will be able to show that there is life in places besides earth in his lifetime. “I am 65，” he said

43、，“ but I expect to still be alive when it happens.”( )1. When will it be possible for an unmanned spaceship to reach Proximal B?A. In about eighty years.B. In about 4.2 years.C. In about eleven day.D. In about one billion years.( )2. In the fourth paragraph，the writer thinks that _ is necessary for

44、life.A. water B. lightC. air D. wind( )3. What does the underlined word “This” stand for in the last paragraph?A. Scientists have discovered an earthlike planet last month.B. There are far more earthlike planets than people thought.C. Proximal B is not far from earth and is just like our neighbor.D.

45、 The Galaxy will be the only place for living things to live in.( )4. What does Alan Boss mean by saying “but I expect to still be alive when it happens”？A. His health is in good state and hes sure he will live a long life.B. Science is developing much faster than ever in recent years.C. Scientists

46、may soon find fact that theres life on other planets.D. America is far ahead of other countries in space research.8GBeauty sleep is a real thing, researches have shown that people who have enough sleep look more attractive (有魅力的) to others.A few bad nights is enough to make a person look “especially

47、“ more ugly, their sleep experiments show.The researchers asked 25 university students to join in their sleep experiment. They were asked to get a good nights sleep for two nights.A week later, they were asked to sleep for only four hours every night for two nights in a row.The researchers took make

48、-up free (素颜) photos of the volunteers after both the good and the bad sleep.Next, they asked 122 strangers to have a look at the photos and judge (评价) them on attractiveness, health, and sleepiness, as well as asking them: “How much would you like to make friends with this person in the picture?“Th

49、e strangers were good at judging if the person they were looking at was tired, and, if they were sleepy, their attractiveness score was low.The strangers also said they wouldnt want to socialize with the tired students. The researchers say this is natural for people. An unhealthy-looking face makes people run away. In other words, people dont want to hang around with people who might be ill.Dr. Brewer, an expert at the University of Liverpool