2018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型1单项选择专项训练一名词（含解析）.doc

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1、1题型一 单项选择专 项 训 练 一 名 词时间：0.51 分钟/小题 分值：1 分/小题命题点一 名词辨析1. 语境辨析。 2. 近义词辨析。3. 固定搭配。熟记各类常见短语的含义及用法。( )1. (2018 天津)Every year many foreign friends come to see the _ of Tianjin, such as Tianjin Eye and Haihe River.A. concerts B. plays C. cartoons D. sights ( )2. (2018 重庆 A 卷)Its hot today. Have some _， pl

2、ease.No, thanks. Im not thirsty at all.A. water B. potatoes C. bread D. cakes ( )3. (2018 重庆 B 卷)Its cold today. Take your _ with you when you go out.A. knife B. coat C. brush D. key ( )4. (2018 河北)Your_ is very helpful. I guess Ill take it.A. secret B. advice C. promise D. purpose ( )5. (2018 河南)Ar

3、e you going out with Jade tonight?Thats my _. Mind your own!A. offer B. business C. question D. chance ( )6. (2018 山西)During the next few days, I decide to have a good _ by taking a walk or seeing a movie. I really need to relax.A. meal B. sleep C. rest ( )7. (2018 安徽)Cathy has such a good_ that she

4、 won many prizes in singing competitions last year.A. sleep B. idea C. voice D. time ( )8. (2018 江西)Some old people need a _ because they feel lonely.A. gift B. stick C. pet D. watch ( )9. (2018 福州)Who is the person you admire the most?Qian Xuesen, the Father of Chinas Missiles. He is the _ of China

5、.A. leader B. pride C. voice ( )10. (2018 武汉)Look, the boss is angry with Alex.Well, he came late again. But thats no _ to shout at him.A. problem B. lesson C. excuse D. reason ( )11. ( 2018 大连)Cambridge is famous for its _. Many famous people studied there.A. university B. hospital C. bank D. museu

6、m ( )12. (2018 大连)It might be cool in the evening. Youd better take a(n)_A. umbrella B. sweater C. wallet D. camera ( )13. (2018 黄冈)Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes, Tony?Sure. Mom will be mad if she sees this_， I think.2A. matter B. mess C. trouble D. difficulty ( )14. (2018 滨州)Do y

7、ou know about the scientist Tu Youyou?Yes, she won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine because of her great _A. surprise B. achievement C. education D. satisfaction ( )15. (2018 德州)Bill will be a /an _ to interview the football players in the coming Rio 2018 Olympics.A. guest B. reporter C. tourist D.

8、engineer ( )16. (2018 达州)Why did Lucy look unhappy?Because she was so careless that she made many spelling _ in her homework.A. friends B. plans C. decisions D. mistakes ( )17. (2018 温州)When an earthquake happens, I think the most important safety _ is to keep calm.A. rule B. doubt C. condition D. p

9、roblem ( )18. (2018 衡阳)The last bus has left. What should we do?Lets take a taxi. We have no other _ now.A. choice B. reason C. habit ( )19. (2018 自贡)How can I get some _ about the 2018 Olympic Games?Why not search the Internet?A. information B. experience C. practice ( )20. (2018 咸宁)Tu Youyou recei

10、ved the Nobel Prize for her _ of artemisinin(青蒿素)And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science.A. design B. thought C. invention D. discovery ( )21. (2018 襄阳)Look! So many colorful bicycles in two lines over there.Theyre for public. This _ of green smart traffic is everywhere in Xiangya

11、ng city.A. number B. pair C. kind D. piece ( )22. (2018 东营)Why do people never cut up the _ on their birthdays?Because they are a symbol of long life.A. eggs B. cakes C. noodles D. dumplings ( )23. (2018 淮安)Lily often helps her mother do some cooking in the _A. kitchen B. garden C. bathroom D. bedro

12、om ( )24. (2018 泰州)What _ will you get after winning the competition in the programme Stay to the end(一站到底)?A free trip to Bali Island.A. award B. attention C. advice D. ability ( )25. (2018 吉林)The _ pollution is becoming more and more 3serious. We havent seen blue skies for several days.A. noise B.

13、 water C. air( )26. (2018 徐州)My cousin works for an airline. He flies planes. He is _A. an inventor B. a scientist C. an explorer D. a pilot ( )27. (2018 抚顺)Your English is really good. Whats your _？A. secret B. service C. spirit D. science( )28. (2018 厦门)The milk shake tastes good. How do you make

14、it?Its easy, just follow the _A. discussions B. instructions C. resolutions( )29. (2018 甘肃通用卷)People usually touch something with their _A. eyes B. noses C. mouths D. fingers( )30. (2018 泉州)The water in the glass is sweet. Did you put any _ in it?Yes. I added some to it just now.A. sugar B. salt C.

15、oil( )31. (2018 葫芦岛) Which city do you prefer to visit, Hangzhou or Shanghai?Ive no idea. Its hard to make the _A. report B. project C. decision D. speech ( )32. (2018 阜新)I hear you have to get up early every morning.Right. Its one of the _ in my family.A. rules B. orders C. reasons D. experience( )

16、33. (2018 齐齐哈尔)The mobile phone sells for ￥5000, it is much more than its real_A. cost B. value C. price ( )34. (2018 绵阳)He was born in Germany, but he has made China his _A. family B. address C. house D. home ( )35. (2018 东营)Great _ for football loversmore than 50，000 soccer schools will be built i

17、n our country by the end of 2025.A. news B. message C. situation D. information ( )36. (2018 朝阳)I think computers are very useful. They can help us get much _ on the Internet.A. game B. information C. exchange D. message( )37. (2018 青岛)Nancy took her temperature and found she had a _A. cough B. toot

18、hache C. cold D. fever ( )38. (2018 宿迁)When the man went through the forest alone, he lost his _ and felt afraid.4A. task B. work C. way D. job ( )39. (2018 盐城)Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your _， you must keep moving.A. promise B. position C. balance D. ability ( )40. (2018 孝感)Mom, I will

19、 eat less fast food this year, believe me.If you make a _， you must keep it.A. joke B. noise C. mistake D. promise( )41. (2018 西宁)A smart phone makes a big _ to our life.A. difference B. decision C. progress D. prediction( )42. (2018 随州)Peter didnt tell his parents that he was going home because he

20、wanted to give them a _A. note B. surprise C. call D. gift ( )43. (2018 苏州)Steve Jobs was full of _ always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society.A. instruction B. invitation C. introduction D. invention ( )44. (2018 扬州)Why not buy a secondhand flat first if you dont have eno

21、ugh money?Thats a good _A. saying B. question C. suggestion D. decision ( )45. (2018 连云港)Its useful for the deaf people to learn sign language.Yes, its a major way of _ for them.A. suggestion B. vacation C. production D. communication ( )46. (2018 鄂州)Could you show me the method of cooking the tasty

22、 cookies?Please follow the _ on the cookbook.A. direction B. attention C. introduction D. instruction命题点二 名词单复数1. 可数名词复数的判断。 2. 可数名词与不可数名词的判断及变形。3. 不可数名词的数量表达，用：基数词/冠词数量词of。( )1. (2018 宜宾)Yibin is one of the most beautiful _ in Sichuan.A. city B. cities C. citys ( )2. (2018 广安)Have you heard of Lin

23、Zexu and Zhan Tianyou?Of course. They are our national _A. hero B. heros C. heroes D. heros ( )3. (2018 昆明)Each couple in China can have two _ from January 1st, 2018.A. boy B. girl C. children D. child( )4. ( 2018 广东)The broken _ may cut into your hand if you touch it. You should be careful.5A. glas

24、s B. glasses C. candle D. candles ( )5. (2018 南宁)These _ in beautiful dresses will have a party this evening.A. man B. men C. woman D. women ( )6. (2018 怀化)Mum, Im hungry. May I have some_？Sure. But dont eat too much.A. hamburgers B. milks C. cake ( )7. (2018 来宾)There are many _ about this farm.Yes,

25、 lots of _ are planted on it.Aphoto; potato Bphotos; potatosCphotos; potatoes Dphotoes; potatoes ( )8. (2018 巴中)Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous _ in American_A. symbol; culture B. symbols; cultures C. symbols; culture ( )9. (2018 天水)There are many websites on the Internet and there _ a lot of

26、 useful _ on the websites.A. are; informations B. are; informationC. is; information D. is; informations 命题点三 名词所有格1. 有生命的名词及表时间、距离、国家等常用s。2. 无生命的名词一般用：of名词。3. 表两个人共同拥有，用“A and Bs” 。4. 表两个人各自拥有，用“As and Bs” 。( )1. (2018 天水)Its about _ from our school to my house.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walk

27、C. walk of 20 minutes D. 20 minutes walks ( )2. (2018 绥化)_ room is big and nice.A. Kates and Janes B. Kates and Jane C. Kate and Janes ( )3. (2018 新疆建设兵团)This is _ bedroom. Its tidy and nice.A. Lilys and Lucys B. Lily and LucysC. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy ( )4. (2018 东营)Are you sure this is a

28、photo _， the famous comedy actress?It surprised you, didnt it? But she was once really thin.A. Jia Ling B. Jia Lings C. of Jia Ling D. of Jia Lings ( )5. (2018 安顺)Therell be a _ meeting next week, and my parents will _ come for it.A. parents; all B. parents; bothC. parents; all D. parents; both ( )6

29、. (2018 河池)There is an MP5 on the desk, whose is this?It can be my _， she bought one yesterday.A. sister B. sisters C. sisters D. sisters6( )7. (2018 武威)_ mothers cant go to the parents meeting because they are too busy.A. Jacks and Paul B. Jacks and PaulsC. Jack and Pauls D. Jack and Paul命题点四 名词作定语

30、1. 名词作定语，一般用单数。2. man 和 woman 作定语，其单复数与被修饰词的单复数保持一致。3. 复合形容词作定语，结构为：数字(连字符即“”)名词单数。( )1. (2018 重庆 A 卷)Its sports time. Most_ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground.A. boy B. boys C. boys D. boys ( )2. (2018 绥化)Our school has fiftysix _ teachers.A. woman B. women C. womans ( )3. (

31、2018 贵港)What would you like for breakfast?Id like _A. tomato noodle B. tomato noodlesC. tomatoes noodle D. tomatoes noodles ( )4. (2018 连云港)Yan Jiashuo, a _ girl, has won the prize of International Master of Memory.Wow, shes great, isnt she?A. tenyearold B. tenyearsold C. ten year old D. ten years o

32、ld ( )5. (2018 哈尔滨)Xi Jinping, our _ president, paid a visit to Harbin last month. How encouraging!A. 63 years old B. 63 years old C. 63yearold 7题型一单项选择专项训练一名词命题点一名词辨析1. D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每年许多外国朋友来看天津的，如天津眼和海河。concerts 音乐会；plays 戏剧；cartoons 动画片，漫画；sights 风景。根据空格后面的“天津眼和海河”可知此处指风景，故选 D。2. A【解析】考查名词词义辨

33、析。句意“今天真热。请喝些。 ”“不，谢谢。我一点也不渴。 ”water 水；potatoes 土豆；bread 面包；cakes 蛋糕。根据句中的关键词thirsty 可知答案，故选 A。3. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天很冷。当你外出时带上你的。knife 刀；coat 外套；brush 刷子；key 钥匙。根据前一句语境可知此处指的是带上衣服，故选 B。4. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的非常有用。我想我会采纳的。secret 秘密；advice 建议；promise 许诺，允诺；purpose 目的。分析句意并结合四个选项可知，此处指你的建议非常有用，故选 B。 5.

34、 B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“今天晚上你要和杰德一起出去吗？” “那是我的。管好你自己的事吧！”offer 提供，给予；business 生意，事情；question 问题；chance 机会。根据句意和语境可知此处应是表示：那是我的事。故选 B。 6. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几天里，我决定通过散步或者看电影好好地。我真的需要放松。meal 饭；sleep 睡眠；rest 休息。根据 I really need to relax.可知用 rest；have a good rest 意为“好好休息” 。故选 C。7. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：凯茜有如此好的以

35、至于她去年在唱歌比赛中赢得了许多奖项。sleep 睡眠；idea 主意；voice 嗓音；time 时间。根据空后句意“在唱歌比赛中赢得了许多奖项”可推知她肯定有一副好嗓音。故选 C。8. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些老人需要一个因为他们感觉孤单。gift礼物；stick 木棍，棍子；pet 宠物；watch 手表。感觉孤独，因此需要宠物陪伴，故选C。9. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“你最钦佩的人是谁？” “中国导弹之父钱学森。他是中国的。 ” leader 领导；pride 骄傲；voice 声音。根据句意可知 B 项正确。10. D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“看，老板在

36、生亚历克斯的气。 ”“嗯，他又迟到了。但是那不是朝他大喊的。 ”problem 问题；lesson 课；excuse 借口；reason 原因。 根据答语的意思可知老板朝他大喊的原因不是因为他迟到了，故选 D。11. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：剑桥以它的而闻名。许多名人在那儿学习过。university 大学；hospital 医院；bank 银行；museum 博物馆。根据关键词 studied 及常识可知选 A。12. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：晚上可能会冷。你最好带一件。umbrella雨伞；sweater 毛衣；wallet 钱包；camera 相机。根据前一句描述可知

37、此处建议带一件保暖的衣服，故选 B。13. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“托尼，你可以倒垃圾和洗盘子吗？” “当然可以。我认为如果妈妈看到这么，她会生气的。 ”matter 物质，事件；mess 杂乱；trouble问题，麻烦；difficulty 困难。根据上句中“倒垃圾和洗盘子”及后一句中“妈妈会生气”可知此处指很杂乱。故选 B。14. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“你知道科学家屠呦呦吗？” “知道，她因为伟大的获得了2015 年诺贝尔医学奖 。 ”surprise 惊奇，惊讶；achievement 成就；8education 教育；satisfaction 满意。根据句意可知是

38、伟大的成就，故选 B。15. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：比尔将作为一名采访即将到来的 2018 里约奥运会中足球运动员们。guest 客人；reporter 记者；tourist 游客；engineer 工程师。根据“interview ”可知是记者。故选 B。16. D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“为什么露西看起来不高兴？” “因为她是如此粗心以至于她在作业中犯了很多拼写。 ”friends 朋友；plans 计划；decisions 决定；mistakes 错误。根据“so careless”可知表示犯错，故选 D。17. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当地震发生的时候，我认

39、为最重要的安全是保持冷静。rule 规则；doubt 疑惑；condition 条件；problem 问题。根据句意可知选 A。18. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“最后一班公交车已经走了。我们该怎么办？”“让我们坐出租车吧。我们现在没有其他的。 ”choice 选择；reason 理由；habit 习惯。此处指没有其他的选择。故选 A。19. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“我怎么才能得到一些关于 2018 年奥林匹克运动会的 。 ”“为什么不上网搜索一下？”information 信息；experience 经验，经历；practice 练习。此处指得到一些关于奥林匹克运动会的信息，

40、故选 A。20. D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“屠呦呦因为青蒿素获得了诺贝尔奖。 ”“并且她是中国第一位在科学领域获得诺贝尔奖的人。 ”design 设计；thought 思想；invention发明；discovery 发现。青蒿素是本来就存在的东西，因此屠呦呦是发现了青蒿素。故选D。21. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“看！那边有那么多彩色自行车排成两排。 ”“它们是公用的。这绿色智能交通工具在襄阳市随处可见。 ”number 数字，号码；pair 双；kind 种类；piece 条，块。分析语境可知此处指这种交通工具，故选 C。22. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“在过生日时

41、，人们为什么从来不把 切断？”“因为它们是长寿的象征。 ”eggs 鸡蛋；cakes 蛋糕；noodles 面条；dumplings 水饺。根据常识可知，过生日吃面条意味着长寿。故选 C。23. A【 解析】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：莉莉经常在帮助她的妈妈做饭。kitchen厨房；garden 花园；bathroom 洗手间；bedroom 卧室。根据句中“do some cooking”可知，是在厨房做饭。故选 A。24. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“在一站到底的比赛中获胜之后，你将获得什么？” “一次到巴厘岛的免费旅行。 ”award 奖励；attention 注意；advice 建

42、议；ability 能力。根据句意可知，此处表示“获奖” 。故选 A。25. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：污染变得越来越严重。我们已经好几天没看见蓝天了。noise 声音，噪音；water 水；air 空气。根据后一句“看不见蓝天”可知，本题应该是说“空气污染” 。故选 C。26. D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的堂(表)哥(弟)在一家航空公司工作。他开飞机。(所以)他是。an inventor 一位发明家；a scientist 一位科学家；an explorer一位探险家；a pilot 一位飞行员。根据前句的“flies planes”可知，只有选项 D 符合。故选 D。27

43、. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的英语真的很好。你的是什么？secret秘密，秘诀；service 接待，服务；spirit 精神，勇气，意志；science 科学。根据常识可知，称赞完他人学得好，接着应该是询问“秘诀” 。故选 A。28. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“这个奶昔尝起来不错。你怎么做的？” “很简单，就只是按照。 ”discussions 讨论；instructions 说明书；resolutions 决心，决定。follow the instructions“按照说明书” ，故选 B。929. D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们通常用他们的触摸东西。eyes

44、眼睛；noses 鼻子；mouths 嘴巴；fingers 手指。发出“touch”这个动作，只能是“手指” 。故选 D。30. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“杯子里的水是甜的。你给里面放了吗？”“是的。我刚才在里面放了一些。 ”sugar 糖；salt 盐；oil 油。由常识可知， “水甜”肯定是放了“糖” 。故选 A。31. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“你更喜欢游览哪个城市，杭州还是上海？”“我不知道。那很难做。 ”report 报告；project 项目，工程；decision 决定；speech 演讲。上句是选择疑问句，故此处是做决定。make the decision“做决

45、定” ，是固定短语。故选 C。32. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“我听说你每天早上都不得不早起。 ”“是的。那是我们家的之一。 ”rules 规则，规矩；orders 命令，指示；reasons 原因；experience经验，经历。结合常识可知， “早起”作为一个家庭的“规矩”最符合。故选 A。33. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这部手机卖 5000 元，这比它实际的贵得多。cost 花费；value 价值；price 价格，表示价格高用 high 修饰，价值大用 much 修饰。故选 B。34. D【解析】考查近义名词辨析。句意：他出生在德国，但是他把中国当作他的。family

46、 家庭，家人，多指家庭成员；address 地址；house 房子，住宅，多指建筑物；home 家，居住的地方，有感情色彩，有团聚、思念之含义。此处指情感意义上的家，富有感情色彩。故选 D。35. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：足球爱好者的好到 2025 年末，我国将会建造超过 50000 个足球学校。news 新闻，侧重“新”字；message 消息，一般指口头或书面的消息；situation 情况，状态；information 信息，通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等。根据语境可知，本题侧重于新闻性，故选 A。36. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认

47、为电脑非常有用。它们可以帮助我们从网上获得很多。game 游戏；information 消息，信息(不可数名词)；exchange 交换；message 信息；消息(可数名词)。根据句意可知，此处填“信息” ；且由句前修饰词much(修饰不可数名词)可知 information 符合。故选 B。37. D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：南希量了她的体温，发现她 。cough 咳嗽；toothache 牙疼；cold 寒冷，感冒；fever 发烧，发热。根据“took her temperature”可知她发烧了，故选 D。38. C【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当那个人独自穿越雨林时，他迷失并感到害怕。task 任务；work 工作；way 道路；job 工作。根据前一分句“穿越雨林”和后面“感到害怕”推知，他迷路了；lose ones way 意为“迷路” 。故选 C。39. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活