[考研类试卷]考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷258及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 258 及答案与解析Part B (10 points) 0 You are going to read a text about the tips for developing self-esteem quotient, followed by a list of evidences. Choose the best evidence from the list AG for each numbered subheading(15). There are two extra examples which you do not need to use.So, how

2、do you raise your self-esteem? Here are several tips for developing your self-esteem quotient:【C1 】Be open-minded- hear critique and criticism, but only hear them as half-truths. Everyone has their own side to a story, as do you and other people who know you. “【C2 】Start praising and stop critiquing

3、. By accepting others and their weaknesses, you start to accept yourself.【C3 】See successes take appropriate credit for your successes. Chalk them up to dedication, hard work and your positive thinking.【C4 】Provide Self-care pay attention to the needs of your heart, mind and body. Follow their lead

4、and learn from yourself. When you learn to listen to your needs and wants and take action to meet them, you elevate your self-worth. You become important. How you treat yourself is how others learn to treat you.【C5 】Have goals be the person you are and become the person you want to be. In other word

5、s, participate in the act of living your life. Make choices. Be proactive.Give yourself one month for practicing the above tips and you will see a major difference in the growth of your healthy self-esteem.AWhen you stop finding fault in others, you learn to let up on yourself. This includes, stop c

6、riticizing yourself! Learn to view your failures and weaknesses as milestones to guide you on your way. Often you learn the most under pressure and from our hardest times.BThis means accept compliments from others regardless of your belief behind their motivations. Look the complimenter in the eyes

7、and say, “ thank you. “ They are immediately rewarded and acknowledged for their compliment and you are establishing patterns for more compliments in the future. Compliments definitely help in dire times and become a way of receiving instant, external confirmation and validation.CView your failures

8、and weaknesses as temporary statements about your existence. By no means are they permanent, unless you perseverate about them. Ask yourself what your ideal person with healthy self-esteem would do to move forward. Conjure up the answer and focus on the solution. Think present, not past!DYour road t

9、o a healthy self-esteem is paved by your choices in the present. Change(he way you evaluate your experiences and you can change the way you feel about yourself. Low self-esteem continues out of practice of bad habits. You can change a habit after thirty days of instilling a new behavior.EIf you feel

10、 badly about some critique you received, do not stew on it instead ask another you respect what their take is. Do remember, that ones negative talk about another is often just a projection of ones own internal conflicts and fears. They dump these fears instead of owning them.FTry something new or gi

11、ve yourself permission to do something you have always wanted to do. Be gentle with your imperfections and shortcomings, and do not allow them to become roadblocks. Let go of perfection and focus on direction.GDo not believe in luck and chance. Instead, know that you magnetized your successes to you

12、 through an extension of your energy and efforts. Accept responsibility. Praise the successes in others. Know that their successes open the door to yours.1 【C1 】2 【C2 】3 【C3 】4 【C4 】5 【C5 】5 The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 15. you are required to reorganize these p

13、aragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list AG to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. ASo how did this play itself out when I had to render Bob “redundant?“ I took my bosss suggestion and searched the firm for a job Bob coul

14、d handle, and found one. His problem was not a lack of talent, after all, but he was simply stretched too thin. BIve had to fire others in my 40-year career as a manager, I always found the behavior problems easier to deal with, but firing someone for poor performance, even after reviews, warnings,

15、and discussions, was never easy. But as far as I can tell, it never came as a surprise, either. If you cannot bring yourself to fire somebody who cant or wont perform, then supervision is not for you because it goes with the territory. CSince I was not one of those callous people who can handle such

16、 chores easily, I psyched myself up for the meeting, summoning my courage and planning my moves,(somewhat as if it were my job on the line). I started by discussing Bobs performance with him, then gave him six months to meet our standards, which I explicitly laid out, and concluded by saying that if

17、 he couldnt make it, Id fire or transfer him. DIm retired now. so I dont need to look hard-working underlings in the eye and say, “Joe, youre just not capable of doing this job. Ive looked for other jobs in the company, and there are none. So Ill have to let you go. “ EWhen the six months nearly exp

18、ired, just as I was getting ready to take action. Bob came into my office, of his own accord, and asked for the transfer. It was not just a way to save face, but also a way for its both to avoid a nasty confrontation, and made clear his tacit acknowledgment that he would do better in the less-demand

19、ing job. FIts difficult to fire anyone for incompetence, particularly if the person is hardworking, cooperative, and has tried to improve. Too often, this kind of termination is postponed until it can be camouflaged behind a general cutback or reorganization. This is easier, psychologically speaking

20、, but 1 dont think it makes sense. Incompetence should be acted upon when the incompetence is determined; it should not be stalled, in the words of Roberts Rules of Order, “to some time indefinite. “ GI was again acting on Steves suggestion that nobody should be shocked at being fired: “If anybody i

21、s surprised to receive a pink slip, then the supervisor isnt doing his job, and should be fired for incompetence too.“ Steves point was that people should be given a chance to improve, be told exactly what was expected, and be treated fairly. Order: 10 You arc going to read a text about strategics f

22、or improving rending process, followed by a list of evidences. Choose the best evidence from the list AF for each numbered subheading(l5). There is one extra evidence which you do not need to use.Before we offer specific strategies for reading arguments, lets examine some general strategies that can

23、 improve your ability to read any kind of college level material, from complex textbooks to primary sources in a history or philosophy course. 【C1 】Slow down:Advertisements for speedreading mislead us into believing that expert readers read rapidly. In fact, experts read difficult texts slowly, ofte

24、n rereading them two or three times, treating their first readings like first drafts.【C2 】Get the dictionary habit:When you cant tell a words meaning from context, get in the habit of looking it up.【C3 】Lose your highlighter/find your pen:Relying on those yellow highlighters makes you too passive. N

25、ext time you get the urge to highlight a passage, write in the margin why you think its important.【C4 】Reconstruct the rhetorical context;Train yourself to ask questions such as these: Who is this author? What audience is he or she writing for? What occasion prompted this writing? What is the author

26、s purpose?【C5 】Join the texts conversation by exploring your views on the issues before reading:To determine the texts issues before reading it through, note the title, read the first paragraphs carefully and skim the opening sentences of paragraphs.Continue the conversation after your reading:After

27、 youve read a text, try completing the following statements in a journal: “The most significant question this essay raises is. . . “ “The most important thing I learned from this essay is. . . “ “I agree with the author about. . . “ “However, I disagree about. . . “ These questions help you remember

28、 the reading and urge you to respond actively to it.AAny piece of writing makes more sense if you think of its author as a real person writing for some real purpose out of real historical context.BOne strategy is to make small tic marks next to words youre unsure of; then look them up after youre do

29、ne so as not to break your concentration. CConverting the passage into your own language forces you to focus on the precise meanings of words. Although your translation may not be exactly what the author intended, you see more clearly where the sources of confusion lie and what the likely range of m

30、eanings might be. DThey hold confusing passages in mental suspension, hoping that later parts of the essay will clarify earlier parts. They “nutshell“ or summarize passages in the margins. They interact with the text by asking questions, expressing disagreements, linking the text with other readings

31、 or with personal experience.EYou can then explore your own views on the issue. This sort of personal exploration at the prereading stage both increases your readiness to understand the text and enhances your ability to enjoy it.FIs it a major new point in the argument? A significant piece of suppor

32、t? A summary of the opposition? A particularly strong or particularly weak point? Use the margins to summarize the text, protest vehemently, ask questions, give assentbut dont just color the pages.11 【C1 】12 【C2 】13 【C3 】14 【C4 】15 【C5 】15 You are going to read a list of headings and a text about so

33、me tips for getting the raise you deserve. Choose the most suitable heading from the list AG for each numbered paragraph(15). There are two extra headings which you do not need to use.AMake the Right MovesBAssess YourselfCKnow When to Let GoDFind out What Youre WorthECheck and Double-CheckFBe Confid

34、entGUse the Right WordsYouve been working hard - coming in early, staying late， and picking up extra responsibilities. Now youre looking for a raise to reward your effortsbut youre not sure how to go about it. “Women typically earn 20 to 30 percent less than men with the same job titles because they

35、 struggle with salary negotiating.“ says Robin Ryan, career counselor. Here she highlights classic negotiating mistakes and shares rules for getting the raise to which youre entitled.【C1 】_Many women often dont realize that they can ask for more money, or theyre afraid that doing so will jeopardize

36、the job offera reaction Ryan attributes to the issue of self-worth. “As Black women, we may be sensitive about the stereotype that we all have attitudes. Its cultural. Most of us are brought up to be nice, and we dont like to come across as too aggressive,“ she says. But being proactive about your c

37、areer is never wrong.【C2 】_Incremental raises are standard but may not account for all the work you do. “At least once a year, you need to do your own career checkup,“ says Ryan. “Ask yourself: Am I happy? Have I taken on additional responsibilities? Am 1 working above my job title?“ Create a chart

38、that outlines the job you were hired for in comparison to your current responsibilities. “You might be able to make a good case for a promotion, which would come with a raise,“ she says.【C3 】_Resources such as salary, com can give you the average pay for your position in your industry based on your

39、location. Use the average, along with your self-assessment and where you live, to determine your overall worth.(For example, the cost of living in Los Angeles may not stretch a salary of $ 35 ,000 as far as it would in Kansas City.)You can also bargain by asking for additional vacation time and perk

40、s to your benefits package. Are you a new hire? Ask about a signing bonus, as well as specific offerings(for instance, flextime, vacation, paid leaves, tuition reimbursement), and work them into your compensation discussion.【C4 】_If youve saved the company time or money with one of your ideas, toot

41、your own horn. “You want to talk about adjusting your salary to compensate you for what the company is receiving,“ Ryan says. Using these key words can help illustrate your valuable contributions and make a better case for your raise based on merit. And remember, while major life changes having a ba

42、by, buying a house or a car can certainly be a drain on your income, they do not warrant an increase to your salary, warns Ryan. 【C5 】_You can climb the corporate ladder by broadening your network at your company, letting people know about your goals, or transitioning into other departments where th

43、ere is opportunity. However, big salary hikes tend to happen when you change jobs from one firm to another. Ryans rules when negotiating: Never reveal your prior salary, and always use a range instead of the exact figure when asked about your salary expectations. “You maintain more negotiating power

44、 to ask for more money,“ she says.16 【C1 】17 【C2 】18 【C3 】19 【C4 】20 【C5 】考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 258 答案与解析Part B (10 points) 【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 第(1)段的主要内容是要用正确的心态来面对评论和批评。E 选项的例子主要是讲当一个人面对批评特别是难以接受的批评时应该怎么做，与标题相对应。【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 第(2)段的主要内容是一个人要获得自尊就必须停止批判并接受他人的缺点。A 选项是说我们要停止对包括自己在内的批判，学会

45、正是缺点和弱点。与该段落的主旨相吻合。【知识模块】 阅读理解3 【正确答案】 G【试题解析】 第(3)段的主旨是要通过奉献、努力工作和积极思考来获得成功并且要相信自己能获得成功。G 选项则在第(3)段的基础上进一步说明了如何获得成功。【知识模块】 阅读理解4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 第(4)段说明了我们要关注自己的身心需要，并不断地满足这些需要。因为我们如何对待自己，别人也就会如何对待我们。选项 B 则以赞美为例，从赞美他人需要得到回报的角度说明了如何对他人进行反馈，以满足他们的身心需要。【知识模块】 阅读理解5 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 第(5)段的主要内容是我们要为自己的目标而不

46、懈努力，成为自己想要成为的人。选项 F 是说我们要做自己想做的事，抛开缺陷和弱点，找准方向，不懈努力，与段落内容相符。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解6 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据文章结构发展惯例，文章开篇交代了文章的背景(background information)点明主题(thesis statement) 。根据这一特点阅读各个选项。文章开篇指出如果一个人工作能力强，具有团队合作精神，并且不断进行自我提升，那么对这类员工的辞退要隐蔽地进行，但这不包括对不称职员工的辞退。选项 D 则讲述了作者作为一名退休的经理人如何辞退一名员工，与 F 相衔接。【知识模块】 阅读理解

47、7 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本段描述了一个具体的情景，即如何通过调整岗位来达到解雇一名虽有才干，但在某些方面不适合岗位工作的员工的目的。与 F 选项中“尤其是这个人努力工作、合作性强并且设法提高自己”相衔接。【知识模块】 阅读理解8 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 承接 A 选项对于鲍勃岗位调整的情景，描述了作者如何对员工的岗位进行调整以及该岗位的工作要求、期限和迭不到要求的后果。【知识模块】 阅读理解9 【正确答案】 G【试题解析】 本段承接 C 选项，论述了对员工要一视同仁，对有才干的员工要给他改进工作的机会，如果能满足期望，则可以继续留任，否则，就会被辞退。这不会让员工对解雇感到惊讶

48、。也是对 C 选项中鲍勃的工作调整案例进行的理论论述。【知识模块】 阅读理解10 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 本段承接 C 和 G 选项关于鲍勃工作调整的问题继续说明六个月后鲍勃的工作反馈。其中“six months” 是一个衔接点【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解11 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本段的主旨是阅读是要放慢速度。段落开始介绍了第一遍阅读时需要做的工作。D 选项则描述了在阅读过程中遇到问题时应该怎么做，与标题相符。【知识模块】 阅读理解12 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本段介绍了阅读议论文的第二种方法：养成查字典的习惯。文章指出当我们遇到生词时无法从上下文推断词汇

49、意思时，就要查字典(look it up)。B 选项则指出当我们阅读文章时，遏到不熟悉的词时可以做个记号，在阅读之后再查字典，与文章标题相吻合。其中，look them up 是关键词。【知识模块】 阅读理解13 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 本段介绍了阅读文章的第三种方法：用笔写出自己的观点。文章指出我们要自己动笔写出对文章的看法，而不是仅用荧光笔把重点部分标注出来。选项 F 则举出我们可以针对文章提出的具体问题进一步说明可以写出哪些观点。选项中的“color the pages”与文章中 “yellow highlighters”可以作为一个对应点。【知识模块】 阅读理解14 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本段的主要内容是从修辞学上对文章进行重组。段落开头指出读者要训练自己对文章的作者、预期的读者、写作背景、写作目的等问题的思考能力。A 选项则从角色互换的角度再次重申了这些问题。与段落主旨相符。其中选项 A中的“as a real person writing”，“some real