EN 60835-2-2-1994 en Methods of Measurement for Equipment Used in Digital Microwave Radio Transmission Systems Part 2 Measurements on Terrestrial Radio- Relay Systems Section 2 Ant.pdf

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1、CENELEC EN*b835-2-2 7Y 3404583 0158813 277 = BRITISH STANDARD Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems Part 2. Measurements on terrestrial radio-relay systems Section 2.2 Antenna The European Standard EN. 60835-2-2 : 1994 has the status of a British S

2、tandard BS EN BS 7573 : Section 2.2 : 1995 EC 835-2-2 : 1994 50835-2-2 : 1995 CENELEC EN*bO35-2-2 94 = 3404583 0358834 LO5 D Amd. No. BS EN 60835-2-2 : 1995 Date Text affected This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Board, was published under th

3、e authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 August 1995 O BSI 1995 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference EPU12 Draft for comment 9030574 DC ISBN O 580 24396 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this B

4、ritish Standard was entrusted to kchnical Committee EPL/lZ Radio communication, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Broadcasting Corporation British Radio and Electronic Equipment Manufacturers Association British Telecommunications plc ERA Rchnology Ltd. Institution of Electri

5、cal Engineers Radio, Electrical and Television Retailers Association Radiocommunications Agency Amendments issued since publication CENELEC EN*bO835-2-2 94 3404583 0158815 041 BS EN 60835-2-2 : 1995 Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN 60

6、835-2-2 3 i CENELEC ENab0835-2-2 94 3404583 OL588lb T88 BS EN 60835-2-2 : 1995 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee EPL/12 and is the English language version of EN 60835-2-2 : 1994 Methods of masumnt for equipment used in digital microwave radio tranmniss

7、ion systems Part 2: Measumnts on terrestrial radio-relay systems Section two: Antenna, published by the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). It is identical with IEC 835-2-2 : 1994 published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). BS EN 60835 is publishe

8、d in three Parts. The other Parts are: Part 1 Measurements common to terrestrial radio-relay systems and satellite earth stations Part 3 Measurements on satellite earth stations The methods described in this Section are suitable for both line-of-sight and tropospheric scatter radio-relay systems usi

9、ng linear polarization. Methods of measurement for passive systems or periscope antennas, and systems where the antenna cannot be measured separately, are not considered. Some of the many Sections of the three Parts have appeared under the number BS 7573, of the same generic title. Cross-references

10、Publication referred to IEC 50 Corresponding British Standard BS 4727 Glossary of electrotechnical, powq telecmrnunication, electronics, lighting and colour terms BS EN 60835 Methods of ineasurm for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems part 1 Measurements common to terrestr

11、ial radio-relay systems and satellite earth stations Section 1.2 : 1995 Basic characteristics . EN 60835-1-2 : 1993 (IEC 835-1-2 : 1992) Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. ii CENELEC EN*bO35-2-2 94 3404583 0358827 934 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME

12、 EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 60835-2-2 June 1994 UDC 621.396.6 : 620.1 : 621.317.08 Descriptors: Radiocommunications, Telecommunications, communication equipment, earth stations, radio-relay systems, microwave frequencies, digital technics, antenna, conductors, measurements, electrical properties,

13、tests English version Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems Part 2: Measurements on terrestrial radio-relay systems Section 2: Antenna (IEC 835-2-2 : 1994) Mthodes de mesure applicables au matriel utilis pour les systmes de transmission numrique en

14、 hyperfrquence Partie 2: Mesures applicables aux faisceaux hertziens terrestres Hauptabschnitt 2: Antenne MeBverfahren fr Gerte in digitalen Mikrowellen- Funkbertragungssystemen *il 2: Messungen an terrestrischen Richtfunksystemen Section 2: Antenne (IEC 835-2-2 1994) (CE1 835-2-2 : 1994) This Europ

15、ean Standard was approved by CENELEC on 1994-03-08. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references

16、concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member

17、into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,

18、 Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B- 1050 Brussels O 1994 Copyright reserved to CENE

19、LEC members Ref. No. EN 60835-2-2 : 1994 E CENELEC EN*bO835-2-2 94 m 3404583 OL588L8 850 m Page 2 EN 608352-2 : 1994 Foreword The text of document 12E(C0)158, as prepared by Subcommittee 12E, Radio relay and fixed-satellite communications systems, of IEC Technical Commitee 12, Radiocommunications, w

20、as submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote in July 1993. The reference document was approved by CENELEC as EN 60835-2-2 on 8 March 1994. The following dates were fixed: - latest date of publication of an identical national standard (dop) 1995-05-01 - latest date of withdrawal of conflicting natio

21、nal standards (dow) 1995-05-01 Annexes designated normative are part of the body of the standard. In this standard, annex ZA is normative. CENELEC EN*b0835-2-2 74 m 3404583 OL588L9 797 m Page 3 EN 60835-2-2 : 1994 CONTENTS FOREWORD . INTRODUCTION clause 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Definitions .

22、 4 Methods of measurement . 4.1 Test-range considerations . 4.2 Antenna gain . 4.3 Radiation patterns . 4.4 Cross-polarization discrimination 2 4 5 5 5 8 8 9 14 16 4.5 Return loss . 17 4.6 Multi-port antenna isolation . 18 5 Bibliography 18 Figures 1 Measurement of antenna gain by comparison with a

23、gain-reference antenna 19 2 Measurement of antenna gain by the direct method 20 3 Examples of presentation of results of antenna-gain measurement 21 4 Example of arrangement for the measurement of radiation pattern 22 5 Example of radiation patterns and their envelope 22 Annex ZA (normative) Other i

24、nternational publications quoted in this standard with the references of the relevant European publications . 23 CENELEC EN*b0835-2-2 94 3404583 0358820 409 Page 4 EN 608352-2 : 1994 INTRODUCTION Antennas are key elements of radio-relay systems. A satisfactory fade margin for such systems is usually

25、 obtained by using high directivity, .e. high-gain, antennas at both the transmitter and receiver terminals of a radio link. An antenna with a high directivity usually also has a narrow beam width main lobe which can provide a useful measure of protection against reflected rays. These reflected rays

26、 can lead to multipath fading. Rapid sidelobe suppression away from the main lobe is often a requirement at radio-relay system nodes to provide sufficient de-coupling between radio links which employ frequency use and small angular separation between the line-of-sight paths. Moreover, and especially

27、 for digital radio-relay systems, a high cross-polarization discrimination is necessary to provide sufficient decoupling between adjacent orthogonally polarized channels where the signal spectra overlap considerably, and between two orthogonally polarized co-frequency channels, .e. using the same no

28、minal carrier frequency. If the antenna under test is installed with a radome in normal operation on a radio link, all measurements should be performed with the radome fitted. CENELEC ENmb0835-2-2 94 3404583 0158821 345 Page 5 EN 60835-2-2 : 1994 METHODS OF MEASUREMENT FOR EQUIPMENT USED IN DIGITAL

29、MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS - Part 2: Measurements on terrestrial radio-relay systems - Section 2: Antenna 1 Scope This section of IEC 835-2 gives methods of measurement of the electrical characteristics of antennas used in terrestrial radio-relay systems at frequencies above 1 GHz. The methods d

30、escribed are suitable for both line-of-sight and tropospheric scatter radio-relay systems using linear polarization. This section does not consider methods of measurement for passive repeaters or periscope antennas nor does it address systems where the antenna cannot be measured separately. 2 Normat

31、ive references The foliowing normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this section of IEC 835-2. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to agreements bas

32、ed on this section of IEC 835-2 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. I EC 50. International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV

33、) IEC 835-1 -2: 1992, Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave transmission systems - Part 1 : Measurements common to terrestrial radio-relay systems and satellite earth stations - Section 2: Basic characteristics 3 Definitions For the purposes of this section of IEC 835-2, the

34、 following definitions apply. Where a term is not defined in this section, the definition is assumed to be identical with the definition given in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). In case of conflict, the definition given here takes precedence. NOTE - Characteristics for which met

35、hods of measurement are given are defined in the corresponding measurement subclause. CENELEC EN*b0835-2-2 74 3404583 CIL58822 281 Page 6 EN 60835-2-2 : 1994 3.1 Antenna An antenna is defined as a device for coupling a transmission line to free-space for the purpose of transmitting or receiving elec

36、tromagnetic waves. It includes all the elements affecting the radiation characteristics of the antenna, e.g. primary feed(s), including polarization andlor frequency filters, reflectors, etc. It does not include the associated transmission lines and other electrical components on the transmitter/rec

37、eiver side of the antenna terminals defined for measurement purposes. The antenna terminals must be specified. The antenna may also include a radome. 3.2 Antenna assembly The antenna assembly, as used here, includes the antenna and the provisions for attaching it to the supporting structure. It may

38、also include provisions for pointing the antenna, when specified. 3.3 Antenna system The antenna system includes the antenna assembly, the transmission lines and, if not already contained in the antenna, the components necessary for radiating the electromagnetic energy in the desired direction. 3.4

39、Radome A protective cover of dielectric material for an antenna and/or its feed. A radome may also be used to reduce the effects of wind loading. 3.5 Bore-sight direction Bore-sight direction is the direction intended to produce maximum antenna gain and hence maximum power transfer. 3.6 Antenna pola

40、rization The polarization of the electric field vector in the far-field region of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna in the bore-sight direction. Radio links exclusively use linear polarization, and most commonly vertical or horizontal linear polarization . 3.7 Polarization tilt angle

41、The polarization tilt angle for a linearly polarized wave is defined as the angle between the electric field vector and the nominal polarization vector, in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation. 3.8 Nominal polarization The nominal polarization of an antenna is the intended polarizat

42、ion of the antenna. Two antennas are said to be nominally co-polarized if their nominal polarizations are identical. CENELEC EN*b0835-2-2 94 = 3404583 0158823 118 Page 7 EN 608352-2 : 1994 3.9 Cross-polarization Cross-polarization is defined as that polarization which is orthogonal to the nominal po

43、larization, as defined in 3.8. Two antennas are said to be nominally cross-polarized if their nominal polarizations are orthogonal. 3.1 O Single-polarization antenna A single-polarization antenna is an antenna that radiates and/or receives only one plane of polarization. A single-polarized antenna n

44、ormally has only one port for connection to the associated transmission line. 3.1 1 Dual-polarized antenna A dual-polarized antenna is an antenna that radiates and/or receives two planes of polarization. The two planes are intended to be mutually orthogonal. A dual-polarized antenna normally has two

45、 ports. The two ports may be at the antenna, or at the transmitter/receiver end of the antenna transmission line if the line is capable of supporting two orthogonal transmission modes. 3.12 Multi-band antenna An antenna which radiates and/or receives simultaneously in two or more frequency bands. Su

46、ch an antenna may also be a dual-polarized antenna and operate simultaneously with orthogonal polarizations in two or more frequency bands. 3.13 The effective area of an antenna in a given direction is the ratio between the power delivered to a matched load at the antenna terminals (PJ, and the powe

47、r per unit area (S) in a polarization-matched plane wave incident on the antenna, .e. Effective area of an antenna (in a given direction) (A,) 3.14 Antenna efficiency The antenna efficiency is the ratio of the maximum effective area to the projected area of the antenna in a plane perpendicular to th

48、e direction of maximum radiation. The maximum effective area is related to the maximum gain as defined in 4.2.1. 3.15 Gain-reference antenna A gain-reference antenna is an antenna of closely reproducible specified construction having a gain which can be determined by calculation and, if required, co

49、nfirmed by measurement as being sufficiently consistent for use as a transfer standard for antenna-gain measurement. CENELEC EN*b0835-2-2 94 3404583 0358824 O54 Page 8 EN 60835-2-2 : 1994 4 Methods of measurement 4.1 Test range considerations The “ideal“ test range for determining far-field antenna performance should provide a plane wave of uniform amplitude and phase which completely illuminates the aperture of the antenna under test. The standard approach for an “ideal“ test range is the so-called “free-space test range“. Such a test-range is often quite