DIN EN ISO 18134-1-2015 Solid biofuels - Determination of moisture content - Oven dry method - Part 1 Total moisture - Reference method (ISO 18134-1 2015) German version EN ISO 181.pdf

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1、December 2015 English price group 8No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 75.160.10!%JwP“2398445www.din.de

2、DIN EN ISO 18134-1Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 1: Total moisture Reference method (ISO 18134-1:2015);English version EN ISO 18134-1:2015,English translation of DIN EN ISO 18134-1:2015-12Biogene Festbrennstoffe Bestimmung des Wassergehaltes Ofentrocknung Teil

3、1: Gesamtgehalt an Wasser Referenzverfahren (ISO 18134-1:2015);Englische Fassung EN ISO 18134-1:2015,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 18134-1:2015-12Biocarburants solides Dosage de la teneur en humidit Mthode de schage ltuve Partie 1: Humidit totale Mthode de rfrence (ISO 18134-1:2015);Version an

4、glaise EN ISO 18134-1:2015,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 18134-1:2015-12SupersedesDIN EN 14774-1:2010-02www.beuth.deDocument comprises 1 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.101.16 DIN EN ISO 18134-1:2015-12 2 A

5、comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN ISO 18134-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 “Solid biofuels” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” (Secretariat: SIS, Sweden). The responsible German body involved in it

6、s preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Materialprfung (DIN Standards Committee Materials Testing), Working Committee NA 062-05-82 AA Feste Biobrennstoffe. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 14774-1:2010-02 as follows: a) the German translation of “solid biofuels” has been changed throughout

7、 the document from Feste Biobrennstoffe to Biogene Festbrennstoffe; b) the content of EN ISO 18134-1 (based on EN 14774-1) has been adopted in full; c) references to EN Standards have been replaced by references to the relevant ISO Standards and have been updated; d) in Subclause 5.2, dishes and tra

8、ys are now specified (previously trays only); e) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN CEN/TS 14774-1: 2004-11 DIN EN 14774-1: 2010-02 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 18134-1 September 2015 ICS 75.160.10; 27.190 Supersedes EN 14774-1:2009English Ve

9、rsion Solid biofuels - Determination of moisture content - Oven dry method - Part 1: Total moisture - Reference method (ISO 18134-1:2015) Biocarburants solides - Dosage de la teneur en humidit - Mthode de schage ltuve - Partie 1: Humidit totale - Mthode de rfrenceBiogene Festbrennstoffe - Bestimmung

10、 des Wassergehaltes - Ofentrocknung - Teil 1: Gesamtgehalt an Wasser - Referenzverfahren (ISO 18134-1:2015) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 August 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European S

11、tandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (Eng

12、lish, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,

13、 Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerlan

14、d, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Mem

15、bers. Ref. No. EN ISO 18134-1:2015 E(ISO 18134-1:2015) 1 Scope .2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions .4 Principle 5 Apparatus .6 Sample preparation .6.1 Sample reduction 6.2 Pre-dried test sample 6.3 Size of test portion .7 Procedure.7.1 Handling of test portion 7.2 Weighing of test portio

16、n and correction for buoyancy of trays 8 Calculation 8.1 General .8.2 Moisture content on a wet basis 8.3 Moisture content for pre-dried material 9 Performance characteristics 10 Test report .Bibliography Contents Page53.European forewordEN ISO 18134-1:2015 (E) 2988877776666666555Foreword 4.DIN EN I

17、SO 18134-1:2015-12 European foreword This document (EN ISO 18134-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 biofuels” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a

18、national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of pate

19、nt rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14774-1:2009. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN-C

20、ENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,

21、 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 18134-1:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18134-1:2015 without any m

22、odification. “SolidEN ISO 18134-1:2015 (E) 3DIN EN ISO 18134-1:2015-12 ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO techni

23、cal committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely w

24、ith the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed

25、 for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rig

26、hts. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in thi

27、s document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to

28、 Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels.ISO 18134 consists of the following parts under the general title Solid biofuels Methods for the determination of moisture content Oven dry method: Part

29、1: Total moisture Reference method Part 2: Total moisture Simplified method Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sampleEN ISO 18134-1:2015 (E) 4DIN EN ISO 18134-1:2015-12 1 ScopeThis part of ISO 18134 describes the method of determining the total moisture content of a test sample of solid biofuels b

30、y drying in an oven and may be used when high precision of the determination of moisture content is necessary. The method described in this International Standard is applicable to all solid biofuels. The moisture content of solid biofuels (as received) is always reported based on the total mass of t

31、he test sample (wet basis).NOTE The term moisture content, when used with biomass materials, can be misleading since untreated biomass frequently contains varying amounts of volatile compounds (extractives) which might evaporate when determining moisture content by oven drying (see References 2 and

32、3).2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any ame

33、ndments) applies.ISO 16559, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptionsEN 147801), Solid biofuels Sample preparationEN 147782), Solid biofuels Sampling3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16559 and the following apply.3.1nomina

34、l top sizeaperture size of the sieve where at least 95 % by mass of the material passesSOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, definition 4.137, modified3.2test sampleoriginal sample sent to the laboratory for analysis3.3test portionsample extracted from the test sample and used during the analysis1) To be replaced

35、 by ISO 14780.2) To be replaced by ISO 18135.EN ISO 18134-1:2015 (E) 5DIN EN ISO 18134-1:2015-12 4 PrincipleThe test portion of solid biofuel shall be dried at a temperature of 105 C in air atmosphere until constant mass is achieved and the percentage moisture shall be calculated from the loss in ma

36、ss of the test portion and includes a procedure for correction of the buoyancy effects.5 Apparatus5.1 Drying oven, capable of being controlled at a temperature within the range of (105 2) C and in which the air atmosphere changes between three to five times per hour. The air velocity shall be such t

37、hat the test portion particles are not dislodged from their tray.5.2 Dishes and trays, of non-corrodible and heat-resistant material and of such dimension that they will hold the total test portion in a layer not exceeding 1 g of material per cm2. The surface of the trays shall be such that the poss

38、ibility to adsorption/absorption is minimised (very clean and even surface).5.3 Balance, capable of reading to the nearest 0,1 g.6 Sample preparation6.1 Sample reductionTest samples for the determination of total moisture content shall be obtained in accordance with ISO 18135 and shall be received i

39、n the laboratory in sealed air-tight containers or bags. A test portion shall be prepared in accordance with ISO 14780 and the nominal top size reduced to below 31,5 mm.6.2 Pre-dried test sampleDuring the course of its preparation, the test sample might have been pre-dried (see ISO 14780) in which c

40、ase, Formula (2) detailed in 8.3 shall be used to calculate the total moisture content.WARNING Dried solid biofuels are hygroscopic. Precautions shall be taken to ensure that moisture is not lost during preparation of the test portion. Significant losses of moisture from test portion will occur afte

41、r a few minutes in room atmosphere.6.3 Size of test portionThe mass of the test portion shall have a minimum mass of 300 g.NOTE For fine particulate solid biofuels (e.g. sawdust and fuel powder), the test portion can be reduced to 200 g or 100 g, respectively, if using a balance capable of reading t

42、o the nearest 0,01 g.7 Procedure7.1 Handling of test portionWeigh an empty and clean drying tray to the nearest 0,1 g.Transfer the test portion from the package (container or bag) in which it is delivered to the empty and clean drying tray and spread the material evenly, not to exceed 1 cm2of surfac

43、e area per 1 g of material. In case moisture remains on the inside surfaces of the package, shake the package to allow the material to re-absorb the moisture prior to emptying the package.EN ISO 18134-1:2015 (E) 6DIN EN ISO 18134-1:2015-12 7.2 Weighing of test portion and correction for buoyancy of

44、traysWeigh the tray with the test portion to the nearest 0,1 g before heating.Weigh an identical empty and clean tray (reference tray) to the nearest 0,1 g before heating.NOTE 1 A reference tray is included in the procedure for the purpose of correction of buoyancy. The weight of a tray when still h

45、ot is less than the weight of the cold tray due to buoyancy. The magnitude of the buoyancy effect depends on the size and the weight of the tray.Thereafter, place the tray with the test portion together with the reference tray in the temperature controlled oven at (105 2) C. Heat the trays until con

46、stant mass has been achieved. Constant mass is defined as a change not exceeding 0,2 % absolute of the initial mass of the test portion during a heating period of 60 min. The drying time required will depend on particle size of the material, rate of atmospheric change in the oven, and thickness of t

47、he layer of material.Remove the two trays from the oven and weigh each when they are still hot to the nearest 0,1 g within 10 s to 15 s in order to avoid absorption of moisture. Use heat-insulating material on the balance pan to avoid direct contact with the hot tray.NOTE 2 The required drying time

48、can be determined in pre-tests on similar fuel types with comparable particle size.Do not overload the drying oven. The space above the trays and between the trays shall allow free flow of air and moisture.To prevent unnecessary losses of volatile compounds, generally, the drying time should not exc

49、eed 24 h.The moisture content determination shall be conducted in duplicate.8 Calculation8.1 GeneralThe total moisture content shall be calculated on a wet basis in accordance with Formula (1) detailed in 8.2. The determination of moisture content for pre-died test sample is detailed in 8.3. The result shall be reported on a wet basis and reported in accordance with Clause 10.8.2 Moisture content on a wet basisThe moisture conten