BS 6349-4-2014 Maritime works Code of practice for design of fendering and mooring systems《海上建筑物 护舷系统和系泊系统设计惯例》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 6349-4:2014Maritime works Part 4: Code of practice for designof fendering and mooring systemsPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2014Published

2、 by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 66969 9ICS 47.020.99; 93.140The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference CB/502Draft for comment 13/30199621 DCPublication historyFirst published March 1985Second edition, October 1994Third (present) edition, June 2

3、014Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 6349-4:2014 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iiiSection 1: General 11 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms, definitions and symbols 2Section 2: Fendering 44 General principles 44.1 Provision and overall design of fendering systems 44.2 Sel

4、ection and design of fenders 74.3 Vessel characteristics 74.4 Fender layout for berths and other locations 94.5 Berthing procedure 134.6 Berthing reactions and load distribution 154.7 Moored reactions 185 Calculation of berthing energies 185.1 Characteristic and design berthing energy 185.2 Calculat

5、ion of characteristic berthing energies for alongside berthing 195.3 Calculation of berthing energies for ferry and Ro-Ro berths 226 Selection of fenders and fender types 236.1 General 236.2 Materials and workmanship 236.3 Fenders using elastomeric units 236.4 Torsion arm fenders 256.5 Pneumatic and

6、 foam-filled fenders 256.6 Flexible dolphins 266.7 Shear capacity of fenders 296.8 Fender panels 296.9 Mounting and suspension 30Section 3: Mooring 327 Principles of good mooring 327.1 General 327.2 Mooring lines 327.3 Mooring layouts 338 Actions acting on the moored vessel 368.1 General 368.2 Wind

7、and currents 368.3 Hydrodynamic forces 368.4 Tidal rise and fall and change in draught or trim due to cargooperations 388.5 Ice 389 Loads on mooring points 399.1 General 399.2 Calculation methods 399.3 Design of mooring point structure 4110 On-shore mooring equipment 4110.1 Materials 4110.2 Mounting

8、 and fixing 4110.3 Bollards 4210.4 Quick release mooring hooks 4310.5 Capstans 4310.6 Vacuum mooring systems 44BRITISH STANDARD BS 6349-4:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 iBibliography 45List of figuresFigure 1 Geometry of vessel with bulbous bow 8Figure 2 Hull and cope geometry at impact

9、 10Figure 3 Fender layout on a continuous quay 10Figure 4 Fender layout for three island berth 11Figure 5 Fender layout for five island berth 12Figure 6 Geometry of vessel approach to berth 13Figure 7 Ferry and Ro-Ro vessel berthing 14Figure 8 Hull and fender geometry at impact 17Figure 9 Design ber

10、thing velocity as function of navigation conditions and sizeof vessel 20Figure 10 Flexible dolphins 28Figure 11 Typical mooring pattern for continuous quay 34Figure 12 Optimum angles of mooring lines for island tanker berth 35Figure 13 Vessel under influence of stand-off force 37Figure 14 Effect of

11、rise and fall of tide and change in draught or trim 39List of tablesTable1Typical fendering locations 5Table2Vessel categories 6Table 3 Guidance on hull pressure 16Table 4 Coefficients of friction of fender facing materials in dry conditions 29Table 5 Mooring point loads for general cargo vessels an

12、d bulk carriers 41Table 6 Mooring bollards 42Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,pages 1 to 46, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARDBS 6349-4:2014ii The British Standards Institution 2014ForewordPublishing informationThis part

13、 of BS 6349 is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 30 June 2014. It wasprepared by Technical Committee CB/502, Maritime works. A list oforganizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to itssecretary.

14、SupersessionThis part of BS 6349 supersedes BS 6349-4:1994, which is withdrawn.Relationship with other publicationsBS 6349 is published in the following parts1): Part 1-1: General Code of practice for planning and design for operations; Part 1-2: General Code of practice for assessment of actions;2)

15、 Part 1-3: General Code of practice for geotechnical design; Part 1-4: General Code of practice for materials; Part 2: Code of practice for the design of quay walls, jetties and dolphins; Part 3: Code of practice for the design of shipyards and sea locks; Part 4: Code of practice for design of fende

16、ring and mooring systems; Part 5: Code of practice for dredging and land reclamation; Part 6: Design of inshore moorings and floating structures; Part 7: Guide to the design and construction of breakwaters; Part 8: Code of practice for the design of Ro-Ro ramps, linkspans andwalkways.Information abo

17、ut this documentThis is a full revision of the standard, and introduces the following principalchanges: reduction of informative content, with informative guidance separated fromrecommendations; general updating to reflect latest practice; change in definitions of berthing mode and navigation condit

18、ions.Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this part of BS 6349 takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this Br

19、itish Standard is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.1)A new part 9 is in preparation.2)In preparation.BRITISH STANDARD BS 6349-4:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 iiiPresentational conventionsThe provisions in this standard are presen

20、ted in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal consideratio

21、nsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARDBS 6349-4:2014iv The British Standards Institution 2014Section 1

22、: General1 ScopeThis part of BS 6349 gives recommendations and guidance on the design offendering systems and layouts, mooring devices and mooring system layouts,principally for commercial vessels with a minimum displacement of 1 000 t.NOTE Some of the provisions in this part of BS 6349 might be app

23、licable to othertype of vessels such as naval vessels, provided that the particular vessel characteristicsand berthing/mooring procedures are taken into account.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in thisdocument and are indispensable for it

24、s application. For dated references, onlythe edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments) applies.Standards publicationsASTM F2192/05, Standard test method for determining and reporting theberthing energy and reaction of marin

25、e fendersBS 6349-1:2000, Maritime structures Part 1: Code of practice for general criteriaBS 6349-1-1:2013, Maritime works Part 1-1: General Code of practice forplanning and design for operationsBS 6349-1-4, Maritime works Part 1-4: General Code of practice for materialsBS 6349-2, Maritime works Par

26、t 2: Code of practice for the design of quaywalls, jetties and dolphinsBS EN 1993 (all parts), Eurocode 3 Design of steel structuresBS EN 1995 (all parts), Eurocode 5 Design of timber structuresBS EN 60079-10-1, Explosive atmospheres Part 10-1: Classification of areas Explosive gas atmospheresBS ISO

27、 17357 (all parts), Ships and marine technology Floating pneumaticrubber fendersOther publicationsN1US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (USACE), NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERINGCOMMAND (NAVFAC), AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER CENTER (HQ AFCEC) andNATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION (NASA). Unifiedfacilities

28、guide specifications Division 35: Waterway and marineconstruction Section 35.59.13.16: Marine fenders. USACE/NAVFAC, 2011.3)N2EUROPEAN ORGANISATION FOR TECHNICAL APPROVALS. Design of bondedanchors. TR 029. Brussels: EOTA, 2007.3)Available from http:/www.wbdg.org/ccb/DOD/UFGS/UFGS%2035%2059%2013.16.p

29、dflast accessed 25 June 2014.BRITISH STANDARD BS 6349-4:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 13 Terms, definitions and symbols3.1 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this part of BS 6349, the terms and definitions given inBS 6349-1-1:2013 and the following apply.3.1.1 bertharea in a port

30、 dedicated to the mooring of a vessel and typically equipped withfenders and mooring equipmentNOTE A berth for a large vessel can be used to moor two or more smaller vessels.3.1.2 berthing lineseaward face of a berth including the uncompressed fendering system3.1.3 copetop edge of a quay or jetty ad

31、jacent to a berth3.1.4 design vesselvessel for which the fendering and mooring systems are designed to permit it tosafely berth and be moored under the environmental operating limitsNOTE Where a berth is to accommodate a range of vessels, there will be severaldesign vessels, including as a minimum b

32、oth the largest and smallest.3.1.5 fenderitem of port equipment designed to keep a vessel from touching the berthstructure without damaging itself or the vessel or the berth structureNOTE The components of a fender can include one or more of the following: energy absorbing unit(s), e.g.: elastomeric

33、 unit(s); pneumatic unit(s); foam-filled unit(s); fender panel; facing material; fender pile; timber sections; fender chains: to assist in supporting the static weight of fender panels; to control movement of fender panel; to prevent movement of panels out from berthing line.3.1.6 fendering systemal

34、l the fenders provided for a berth3.1.7 flat side of vesselpart of the side of a vessel between the bow and stern that is flat, vertical andparallel to the axis of the vesselNOTE Sometimes also referred to as parallel midships or parallel mid-body.BRITISH STANDARDBS 6349-4:20142 The British Standard

35、s Institution 20143.2 SymbolsFor the purposes of this part of BS 6349, the following symbols apply.B beam of vessel, in metres (m)Cbblock coefficient of the vessel hullCCberth configuration coefficientCEeccentricity coefficientCMhydrodynamic mass coefficientCSsoftness coefficientDvdraught of vessel,

36、 in metres (m)d deflection at the level of the application of the load, in metres (m)ECcharacteristic energy to be absorbed by the fendering system, inkilonewton metres (kNm)EDdesign energy to be absorbed by the fendering system, in kilonewtonmetres (kNm)EFenergy absorbed by the fender, in kilonewto

37、n metres (kNm)K radius of gyration of vesselLOAoverall length of vessel, in metres (m)LBPlength of vessel hull between perpendiculars, in metres (m)LLoverall length of largest design vessel, in metres (m)LSoverall length of smallest design vessel, in metres (m)MDdisplacement of vessel, in tonnes (t)

38、R distance of the point of contact from the centre of mass of the vessel,in metres (m)RFfender reaction, in kilonewtons (kN)V characteristic velocity of vessel in direction of approach, in metres persecond (m/s)VBcharacteristic velocity of vessel normal to the berthing line at the pointof impact, in

39、 metres per second (m/s) angle of approach of vessel angle between the line joining the point of contact to the centre ofmass of the vessel and the normal to the axis of the vessel coefficient of frictionBRITISH STANDARD BS 6349-4:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 3Section 2: Fendering4 Ge

40、neral principles4.1 Provision and overall design of fendering systemsBerths should be provided with a suitable fendering system to protect berthstructures and vessels from damage, taking into account operating conditions asdefined in BS 6349-1-1:2013 and stated in the facility operating manual, unle

41、ss aclear justification can be made that such a system is not required.NOTE 1 Historically it has been the practice in some ports not to provide fenderingto berths other than simple timber rubbing strips, particularly where they aresituated in sheltered locations such as impounded dock basins. For c

42、ommercialvessels, and where berths are situated in more exposed locations such as the outerreaches of rivers and in the open sea, fendering systems are widespread.The fendering system should be designed taking account of:a) the range of vessels berthing;b) the methods used to berth the vessel;NOTE 2

43、 Where a vessel berthing alongside is manoeuvred by tugs and/or theuse of thrusters, it is generally stopped a short distance off and parallel to theberth. The vessel is then pushed or warped slowly onto the berth, ideallyachieving a gentle contact as near as parallel to the berthing line as possibl

44、e.NOTE 3 Tugs, launches and other small vessels tend to approach their berthsmore directly than large vessels.NOTE 4 Ferries and roll-on/roll-off (Ro-Ro) vessels approach their berths in adifferent way, which is explained in 4.5.2.c) vessels moored during cargo handling operations;d) vessels moored

45、during extreme events caused by adverse metocean or otherconditions;e) the normal operating conditions of the berth;f) the risks and consequences as a result of an extreme or accidental eventoccurring;g) the features appropriate to the location of the berth, as shown in Table 1;h) the features appro

46、priate to the characteristics of the vessels that areexpected to use the berth, as shown in Table 2;i) the intended service life of the system, making due allowance fordegradation and wear and tear during operations.NOTE 5 The fendering system might need to be designed to work with themooring system

47、 to reduce vessel movements.NOTE 6 Fendering systems are required to be suitable for all operational waterlevels that might occur, and with large variations this becomes particularlyimportant. Winds, waves, current and other factors also vary depending on the berthlocation.BRITISH STANDARDBS 6349-4:

48、20144 The British Standards Institution 2014Table 1 Typical fendering locationsLocation Features to be taken into account in the design of the fendering systemImpounded basins Approximately constant water levelUsually sheltered from high windsLimited fetch for local wave generationNegligible current

49、Range of vessel sizes limited by lock dimensionsTidal basins Greater range of water levels than impounded basinsLimited wave exposureLimited currentRiver berths Variable water level due to changes in river discharge and possibly tideLimited wave exposureVariable currentPossible restricted area available for manoeuvring of vesselsEstuarial and coastalberthsMaximum tidal range and currentsGreater wave exposure than tidal basinsOften dedicated berths with sin