BS 6068-6 10-1993 Water quality - Sampling - Guidance on sampling of waste waters《水质 第6部分 取样 第10节 废水取样导则》.pdf

《BS 6068-6 10-1993 Water quality - Sampling - Guidance on sampling of waste waters《水质 第6部分 取样 第10节 废水取样导则》.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《BS 6068-6 10-1993 Water quality - Sampling - Guidance on sampling of waste waters《水质 第6部分 取样 第10节 废水取样导则》.pdf（18页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6068-6.10: 1993 ISO 5667-10: 1992 Water quality Part 6: Sampling Section 6.10 Guidance on sampling of waste watersBS6068-6.10:1993 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Environment andPollution Standards Policy Committee, was published underthe aut

2、hority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 15 March 1993 BSI 02-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference EPC/44 Draft for comment 91/51959 DC ISBN 0 580 21645 4 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this Briti

3、sh Standard was entrusted by the Environment and Pollution Standards Policy Committee (EPC/-) to Technical Committee EPC/44, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Scientists British Association for Chemical Specialities British Gas plc Chemical Industries Associ

4、ation Convention of Scottish Local Authorities Department of the Environment (Water Directorate) Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland Department of Trade and Industry (Laboratory of the Government Chemist) Electricity Association Industrial Water Society Institute of Gas Engineers Inst

5、itution of Water Officers Institution of Water and Environmental Management National Rivers Authority Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene Royal Society of Chemistry Scottish Association of Directors of Water and Sewerage Services Soap and Detergent Industry Association Water Companies Assoc

6、iation Water Research Centre Water Services Association of England and Wales The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommitttees and panels: Automatic Vending Association of Great Britain British Geological Survey Department of Trade and Industry (Warre

7、n Spring Laboratory) Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Power Generation Contractors Association (BEAMA Ltd.) Society for General Microbiology Society of Chemical Industry University of Bradford Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS6068-6.10:1993 BSI 02-1999 i Contents Page C

8、ommittees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Sampling equipment 2 5 Sampling procedure 4 6 Safety aspects of sampling 8 7 Sample identification and records 9 Annex A (normative) Report Sampling of domestic and industrial wastewate

9、r 10 List of references Inside back coverBS6068-6.10:1993 ii BSI 02-1999 National foreword This Section of BS 6068, which has been prepared under the direction of the Environment and Pollution Standards Policy Committee is identical with ISO5667-10:1992 Water quality Sampling Part 10: Guidance on sa

10、mpling of waste waters. The international standard was prepared by Technical Committee 147, Water quality, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) with the active participation and approval of the UK. BS 6068 is being published in a series of Parts subdivided into Sections that w

11、ill generally correspond to particular international standards. Sections are being, or will be published in Parts 1 to 7, which together with Part 0, are listed below. Part 0: Introduction; Part 1: Glossary; Part 2: Physical, chemical and biochemical methods; Part 3: Radiological methods; Part 4: Mi

12、crobiological methods; Part 5: Biological methods; Part 6: Sampling; Part 7: Precision and accuracy. This Section of BS 6068 is one of a group of standards dealing with the sampling of specific types of water. It should be read in conjunction with BS 6068-6.1, BS6068-6.2 and BS6068-6.3, which deal r

13、espectively with the design of sampling programmes, sampling techniques, and the preservation and handling of samples. Cross-references International standard Corresponding British Standard BS 2846 Guide to statistical interpretation of data ISO 2602:1980 Part 2:1981 Estimation of the mean: confiden

14、ce interval (Identical) ISO 2854:1976 Part 4:1976 Techniques of estimation and tests relating to means and variances (Identical) BS 6068 Water quality ISO 5667-1:1980 Section 6.1:1981 Guidance on the design of sampling programmes (Identical) ISO 5667-2:1991 Section 6.2:1991 Guidance on sampling tech

15、niques (Identical) ISO 5667-3:1985 Section 6.3:1986 Guidance on the preservation and handling of samples (Identical) ISO 6107-2:1989 Section 1.2:1990 Additional terms relating to types of water, and treatment and storage of water and waste water, and terms used in sampling and analysis of water (Ide

16、ntical)BS6068-6.10:1993 BSI 02-1999 iii A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. S

17、ummary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages1to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside fr

18、ont cover.iv blankISO 5667-10:1992(E) BSI 02-1999 1 1 Scope This part of ISO 5667 contains details on the sampling of domestic and industrial waste water, i.e. the design of sampling programmes and techniques for the collection of samples. It covers waste water in all its forms, i.e. industrial wast

19、e water, and crude and treated domestic waste water. Sampling of accidental spillages is not included, although the methods described in certain cases may also be applicable to spillages. 1.1 Objectives A sampling programme may be based on many different objectives. Some of the more common objective

20、s are: to determine the concentration of pollutants in a waste-water stream; to determine the load of pollutants carried by a waste-water stream; to provide data for the operation of a waste-water treatment plant; to test whether given discharge concentration limits are kept; to test whether given d

21、ischarge load limits are kept; to provide data for the levy upon discharge of waste water. When designing a waste-water sampling programme, it is essential for the objective of the study to be kept in mind, so that the information gained from the study corresponds closely to the information required

22、. Generally, the objectives of sampling are quality control or quality characterization, as described in1.1.1 and 1.1.2. 1.1.1 Quality characterization Quality characterization aims at determining the concentration or load of pollutants in a waste-water stream, generally during an extended period of

23、 time, for example, to monitor compliance with a standard, to determine trends, to provide data on unit process efficiency or to provide loading data for planning and/or design purposes. 1.1.2 Quality control The objective of quality control may be one of the following: a) to provide data for either

24、 short-term or long-term control of waste-water treatment plant operation (e.g. control of biomass growth in activated sludge units, control of anaerobic digestion processes, control of industrial effluent treatment plants); b) to provide data for waste-water treatment plant protection (e.g. to prov

25、ide domestic waste-water plants with protection against deleterious effects from industrial effluents, to identify the sources of undesirable industrial effluent residues); c) to provide data for pollution control (e.g.controlling disposal operations to land, sea or water courses). 2 Normative refer

26、ences The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 5667. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 5667 are e

27、ncouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 2602:1980, Statistical interpretation of test results Estimation of the mean Confidence interval.

28、ISO 2854:1976, Statistical interpretation of data Techniques of estimation and tests relating to means and variances. ISO 5667-1:1980, Water quality Sampling Part1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes. ISO 5667-2:1991, Water quality Sampling Part2: Guidance on sampling techniques. ISO 5667

29、-3:1985, Water quality Sampling Part3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of samples. ISO 5667-5:1991, Water quality Sampling Part5: Guidance on sampling of drinking water and water used for food and beverage processing. ISO 6107-2:1989, Water quality Vocabulary Part 2. 3 Definitions For the

30、purposes of this part of ISO 5667, the following definitions, taken from ISO 6107-2, apply. 3.1 composite sample two or more samples or sub-samples, mixed together in appropriate known proportions (either discretely or continuously), from which the average result of a desired characteristic may be o

31、btained. The proportions are usually based on time or flow measurementsISO 5667-10:1992(E) 2 BSI 02-1999 3.2 sampling line the conduit which leads from the sampling probe to the sample delivery point or the analysing equipment 3.3 sampling point the precise position within a sampling location from w

32、hich samples are taken 3.4 spot sample a discrete sample taken randomly (with regard to time and/or location) from a body of water 4 Sampling equipment 4.1 Sample containers The laboratory responsible for analysing the samples should be consulted on the type of container that should be used for samp

33、le collection, storage and transportation. ISO 5667-2 and ISO 5667-3 contain detailed information on the selection of sample containers. The sample container needs to prevent losses due to adsorption, volatilization and contamination by foreign substances. Desirable factors to be considered when sel

34、ecting sample containers are high resistance to breakage; good sealing efficiency; ease of reopening; good resistance to temperature extremes; practicable size, shape and mass; good potential for cleaning and re-use; availability and cost. For waste-water sampling, plastics containers are recommende

35、d for most determinands. Some exceptions exist where only glass containers should be used, when for example the following analyses are to be made: oil and grease; hydrocarbons; detergents; pesticides. If sterilized or disinfected sewage samples are to be collected, sterile containers and sampling ap

36、paratus should be used (e.g. see ISO 5667-5). 4.2 Type of apparatus 4.2.1 Manual sampling equipment The simplest equipment used for taking effluent samples consists of a bucket, ladle, or wide-mouthed bottle that may be mounted on a handle of a suitable length. The volume should not be less than 100

37、ml. When manual samples are to be used for the preparation of composite samples, the volume of the bucket, ladle or bottle should be well defined and known to a precision of within 5%. Manual samples can also be taken with a Ruttner or Kemmerer sampler, consisting of a 1 litre to 3 litre volume tube

38、 with a hinged lid at each end of the tube, or other samplers operating on a similar principle. Manual sampling equipment should be made of an inert material that does not influence the analyses that will be carried out on the samples later (seeISO5667-2). Before starting sampling, the equipment sho

39、uld be cleaned with detergent and water, or as directed by the equipment manufacturer, and finally rinsed with water. The sampling equipment may be washed before use in the waste-water stream from which the sample is taken in order to minimize the risk of contamination. Special attention should be p

40、aid to rinsing after cleaning, if the analytes under study are detergents. The sampling equipment cannot be washed in the waste stream when this will influence the analysis carried out later (e.g.analysis for oil and grease, and microbiological analysis). 4.2.2 Automatic sampling equipment A number

41、of commercially available devices allow a continuous sample or a series of samples to be collected automatically. They are often easily portable and may be used for any type of waste water. Two types of automatic samplers are primarily available, namely time-proportional and flow-proportional (see I

42、SO 5667-2), but some of the samplers have both possibilities built in. The sampler can be based on the following principles of sample collection: a chain pump (paternoster pump); compressed air and/or vacuum; continuous stream of the effluent; pumping (often by means of a peristaltic pump).ISO 5667-

43、10:1992(E) BSI 02-1999 3 No single principle can be recommended as being suitable for all sampling situations. When selecting sampling equipment, the following features should be taken into consideration, and the user should determine the relative importance of each feature when establishing the req

44、uirements for a specific sampling application. a) The sampler should be able to take time-weighted composite samples, for example, sampling over different time intervals of flow activity for constant flow rates. b) The sampler should be able to take a series of discrete samples taken at fixed interv

45、als, held in individual containers. For example, when carrying out diurnal studies to identify periods of peak load. c) The sampler should be able to take a succession of short period composite samples being held in individual containers. This can also be useful in monitoring specific periods known

46、to be of interest. d) The sampler should be able to take flow-weighted composite samples, i.e. taking variable volumes of sample depending on stream flow for a fixed period of time. This facility can be useful when carrying out substrate load studies. e) The sampler should be able to take a successi

47、on of flow-weighted samples, each being held in individual containers. This can be useful when trying to identify periods of variable substrate loading, when data need to be correlated with variable flow rates. The features listed in items a) to e) refer to the types of sample to be collected accord

48、ing to 5.3.1. Additionally, the user should also aim for the following attributes when choosing sampling equipment, unless the circumstances dictate that certain of them may not be necessary, in particular the ability to take samples from a pressurized main or sewer. f) The ability of the sampler to

49、 lift samples through the required height for any chosen situation. g) Rugged construction and minimum of functional components. h) Minimum number of parts exposed or submerged in the water. i) The sampler should be corrosion resistant and electrical parts should be protected against the action of ice, damp or a corrosive atmosphere. j) The sampler should be of simple design and easy to maintain, operate and clean. k) The sampling line from intake point to sample delivery point should