ASTM F3278-2017 Standard Performance Specification for Hand-Held Metal Detectors Used in Safety and Security《安全和安保用手持式金属探测器的标准性能规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: F3278 17Standard Performance Specification forHand-Held Metal Detectors Used in Safety and Security1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3278; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of

2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This performance specification applies to all hand-heldmetal detectors (HHMDs) used to find metal contrabandconcealed

3、 or hidden on people or other objects with accessiblesurfaces. This performance specification describes baselineperformance requirements, which includes metal object detec-tion performance, safety (electrical, mechanical, fire), electro-magnetic compatibility, environmental conditions and ranges,and

4、 mechanical durability. The requirements for metal detec-tion performance are unique and, therefore, test methods forthese parameters are provided, including the design of testobjects. An agency or organization using this performancespecification is encouraged to add their unique operationally-based

5、 requirements to those requirements listed in this baselineperformance specification.1.2 This performance specification describes the use ofspherical test objects, instead of actual threat objects orexemplars of threat objects, to test the detection performanceof hand-held metal detectors. Spherical

6、 test objects are usedbecause the detectability of spherical test objects is notorientation dependent, whereas this is not true for non-spherical test objects. This orientation-dependent detectabilityof non-spherical test objects may allow a HHMD to beincorrectly attributed a higher performance capa

7、bility than thatHHMD is capable of providing. To aid agencies wishing to addspecific threat objects to their detection performancerequirements, included in Annex A1 is the analysis of theprobability of detection for different orientations of agency-specific threat objects.1.3 This standard does not

8、purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international sta

9、ndard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2.

10、Referenced Documents2.1 ISO Standards:2ISO 17025:2005 General Requirements for the Competenceof Testing and Calibration LaboratoriesISO 10012:2003 Measurement Management Systems Re-quirements for Measurement Processes and MeasuringEquipmentISO 14117:2012 Active Implantable Medical De-vices Electroma

11、gnetic Compatibility EMC Test Proto-cols for Implantable Cardiac Pacemakers, ImplantableCardioverter Defibrillators, and Cardiac Resynchroniza-tion DevicesISO 14708-1:2000 Implants for Surgery Active Implant-able Medical Devices Part 1: General Requirements forSafety, Marking and for Information to

12、be Provided by theManufacturerISO 14708-2:2012 Implants for Surgery Active Implant-able Medical Devices Part 2: Cardiac PacemakersISO 14708-3:2008 Implants for Surgery Active Implant-able Medical Devices Part 3: Implantable Neurostimu-latorsISO 14708-4:2008 Implants for Surgery Active Implant-able M

13、edical Devices Part 4: Implantable InfusionPumpsISO 14708-5:2010 Implants for Surgery Active Implant-able Medical Devices Part 5: Circulatory Support De-vicesISO 14708-6:2010 Implants for Surgery Active Implant-able Medical Devices Part 6: Particular Requirementsfor Active Implantable Medical Device

14、s Intended to TreatTachyarrhythmia (Including Implantable Defibrillators)ISO 14708-7:2013 Implants for Surgery Active Implant-able Medical Devices Part 7: Particular Requirementsfor Cochlear Implant Systems1This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeF12 on Security Sys

15、tems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F12.60 on Controlled Access Security, Search, and ScreeningEquipment.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. DOI: 10.1520/F3278-17.2Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentra

16、l Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally re

17、cognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.12.2 IEC Standards:3IEC 61010-1 Safety Requirements for Electr

18、ical Equipmentfor Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use Part 1:General RequirementsIEC 61000-6-1 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part6: Generic Standards Section 1: Immunity forResidential, Commercial, and Light-industrial Environ-mentsIEC 61000-4-2 Electromagnetic Compatibilty (EMC) Part 4:T

19、esting and Measurement Techniques Section 2: Elec-trostatic Discharge Immunity TestIEC 61000-4-3 Electromagnetic Compatibilty (EMC) Part 4:Testing and Measurement Techniques Section 3:Radiated, Radio-frequency, Electromagnetic Field Immu-nity TestIEC 61000-4-8 Electromagnetic Compatibilty (EMC) Part

20、 4:Testing and Measurement Techniques Section 8: PowerFrequency Magnetic Field Immunity TestIEC 60529 2001-2 Degrees of Protection Provided by En-closures (IP Code)IEC 60068-2-27:2008-2 Environmental Testing Part 2-27:Tests Test Ea and Guidance: ShockIEC 60068-2-31:2008-05 Environmental Testing Part

21、2:31: Tests Test Ec: Rough Handling Shocks, Primarilyfor Equipment-type SpecimensCISPR 22 Information Technology Equipment Radio Dis-turbance Characteristics Limits and Methods ofMeasurement, Class B, Radiated Disturbance2.3 IEEE Standards:4IEEE C95.1 IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respectto H

22、uman Exposure to Radio Frequency ElectromagneticFields, 3 kHz to 300 GHzIEEE Std 181-2011 IEEE Standard for Transitions, Pulses,and Related Waveforms2.4 Military Standards:5MIL-STD-810G Method 501.5 Test Method Standard forEnvironmental Engineering Considerations and Labora-tory Tests, Method 501.5,

23、 High TemperatureMIL-STD-810G Method 502.5 Test Method Standard forEnvironmental Engineering Considerations and Labora-tory Tests, Method 502.5 Low TemperatureMIL-STD-810G Method 507.5 Test Method Standard forEnvironmental Engineering Considerations and Labora-tory Tests, Method 507.5, Humidity2.5 A

24、NSI Standards:6ANSI S1.4-1983 Specification for Sound Level Meters2.6 CIE Standards:7CIE Standard S 014-1/E:2006 Colorimetry Part 1: CIEStandard Colorimetric Observers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 alarman indication (which may be audible, visual,or vibratory, or combinations thereof) that info

25、rms the operatorof an event, such as metal detection or a detector (HHMD)status change.3.1.2 body simulanta material engineered to simulate theaverage electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability ofthe human body. The average electrical conductivity is 0.8 S/m6 0.2 S/m and the average magnetic

26、permeability is1.26106Hm6 5107H/m.3.1.3 detectorthe hand-held metal detector (HHMD) thatis held in one hand and is used for finding metal objectsconcealed on a person or other object.3.1.4 detector axisan imaginary line passing through andperpendicular to the detector plane that is located within th

27、edetector plane such that the magnetic field around the detectoraxis has the maximum symmetry. The detector axis is labeledas the “z” axis. The location of the detector axis relative to theHHMD shape and geometry is specified by the manufacturer.The detector axis is the reference for positioning in

28、thedetection performance tests. See Fig. 1.3.1.5 detector holdera device used to hold the HHMD inplace during testing. The detector holder is constructed ofnon-ferromagnetic and non-electrically conductive materials.3.1.6 detector planean imaginary plane (two-dimensionalsurface) that is tangential t

29、o the plane, line, or point on theHHMD surface that is closest to the object being scanned undertypical HHMD use. The detector plane contains two orthogo-nal axes labeled as the “x” axis and as the “y” axis. See Fig. 1.3.1.7 detection sensitivity settingan adjustment that can bemade to the HHMD that

30、 affects its ability to sense metalobjects.3.1.8 measurement coordinate systema mutually orthogo-nal three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system referencedto the detector axis and the detector plane. The three axes arelabeled “x,” “y,” and “z,” where the z axis is parallel to thedetector axis and

31、the x axis and the y axis are in the detectorplane. The orientation of the test objects is referenced to themeasurement coordinate system. See Fig. 2.3.1.9 measurement planean imaginary two-dimensionalsurface over which the HHMDs are tested. There may be morethan one measurement plane. The measureme

32、nt plane(s) is(are) referenced from the detector plane. See Fig. 2. There is ameasurement plane for each size class of the HHMD, as shownin Table 1.3.1.10 size classa classification method based on group-ing exemplars of commonly encountered objects that may be3Available from International Electrote

33、chnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue deVaremb, 1st Floor, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iec.ch.4Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),445 Hoes Ln., Piscataway, NJ 08854-4141, http:/www.ieee.org.5Available from U.S. Government Printing Of

34、fice, Superintendent ofDocuments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.6Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.7Available from U.S. National Committee of the CIE (Internation

35、al Commissionon Illumination), C/o Alan Laird Lewis, 282 E. Riding, Carlisle, MA 01741,http:/www.cie-usnc.org.F3278 172either commercially available or readily fabricated from avail-able materials and that are related to customer applications andobject sizes. A HHMD may meet the requirements for one

36、 orall size classes, as defined below.3.1.10.1 largerepresents threat items such as handguns,and similarly sized objects, or larger, constructed of ferromag-netic or nonferromagnetic metal, or both.3.1.10.2 mediumrepresents threat items such as kniveshaving blade lengths exceeding 7.5 cm, and simila

37、rly sizedobjects, up to the size of a large object, constructed offerromagnetic or nonferromagnetic metal, or both.FIG. 1 Diagram of Hand-held Metal Detector Showing the Detector Plane (Labeled and Represented by a Rectangle) and the DetectorAxis (Labeled z)FIG. 2 A Diagram of the Measurement Coordi

38、nate System Showing the Measurement Coordinate System Axes, One MeasurementPlane, and the Detector Plane. The x axis Points Along the Users ArmTABLE 1 Distance Between Measurement Plane and DetectorPlane for the Different HHMD Size ClassesSize Class Distance Between MeasurementPlane and Detector Pla

39、ne (cm)Large 8.0 0/+ 0.2Medium 4.0 0/+ 0.2Small 2.0 0/+ 0.2Very Small 0.5 0/+ 0.2F3278 1733.1.10.3 smallrepresents threat items such as, but notlimited to, knives having blade lengths less than or equal to 7.5cm, handcuff keys, handgun rounds, and similarly sizedobjects, up to the size of a medium o

40、bject, constructed offerromagnetic or nonferromagnetic metal, or both.3.1.10.4 very smallrepresents threat items such as t razorblades, hypodermic needles and similarly sized objects, up tothe size of a small object, constructed of ferromagnetic ornonferromagnetic metals, or both.3.1.11 test objecta

41、n item that is used to test the HHMDdetection performance. Test objects accurately simulate theelectromagnetic properties of an actual threat or contrabanditem, such as a weapon or an item that can be used to defeatsecurity devices. The test objects are described in Section 6.3.1.12 test object axis

42、the imaginary line passing throughthe center of the test object that is referenced to and has aone-to-one correspondence with the axes of the measurementcoordinate system.3.1.13 x-axis scan rangethe segment of line along the xaxis of the measurement coordinate system that is centered onthe detector

43、axis that extends equally on either side of thedetector axis.4. Requirements for AcceptanceNOTE 1The HHMD shall meet or exceed the requirements andspecifications stated in this section.4.1 General Test Conditions and Requirements:4.1.1 Testing and Calibration LaboratoriesLaboratoriesperforming testi

44、ng and calibration of the HHMD or itscomponents, or both, shall meet the requirements of ISO17025, as amended.4.1.2 Measurement Equipment and ProcessesAll mea-surement equipment and processes shall be certified to ISO10012, as amended.4.2 Safety Specifications and Requirements:4.2.1 ElectricalThe HH

45、MD shall comply with IEC61010-1, Section 6, “Protection Against Electrical Shock,” asamended.4.2.2 MechanicalThe HHMD shall meet the requirementsof IEC 61010-1 Section 7, “Protection Against MechanicalHazards,” as amended.4.2.3 ThermalThe HHMD shall meet the requirements ofIEC 61010-1 Section 10, “E

46、quipment Temperature Limits andResistance to Heat,” as amended.4.2.4 Human Exposure:4.2.4.1 GeneralThe magnitude of the electromagneticfield generated by the HHMD at a distance of approximately 5mm from any surface of the HHMD shall be less than theexposure limits specified for general public exposu

47、re in theICNIRP8guideline and IEEE C95.1.4.2.4.2 Active Implanted and Body-worn Medical DevicesThe magnitude of the electromagnetic field generated by theHHMD shall not cause an active implanted or body-wornmedical electronic device to be adversely affected as describedin ISO 14117:2012, ISO 14708-1

48、, ISO 14708-2, ISO 14708-3,ISO 14708-4, ISO 14708-5, ISO 14708-6, and ISO 14708-7and tested in accordance with the same. If adherence to therequirement in 4.2.4.2 has not been demonstrated, the manu-facturer shall provide a warning with the HHMD instructionsthat states “This device has not been demo

49、nstrated as beingsafe for use on people with active implanted or body-wornmedical devices, or both.”4.3 Power Requirement:4.3.1 Battery LifeThe HHMD shall operate for at least 10h as tested in accordance with 5.5 and while using a battery ofthe type and model recommended by the manufacturer.4.4 Detection Performance SpecificationsThe ability ofthe HHMD to sense the presence of a test object will vary withthe material and geometry of the test object and the distancebetween the test