ASTM F2731-2018 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Transmitted and Stored Energy of Firefighter Protective Clothing Systems.pdf
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1、Designation: F2731 11F2731 18Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Transmitted and Stored Energy of FirefighterProtective Clothing Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2731; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides procedures for measuring uses one of two procedures to measure: (
3、1the combination of ) heatenergy, which can be directly transmitted through the multilayer structure without compressive force, that can result in predictedburn injury, or (2transmitted and stored energy that occurs in firefighter protective clothing material systems as the result ofexposure to prol
4、onged, relatively low levels of radiant heat.) heat energy directly transmitted through the multilayer structure,followed by applying a compressive force, which rapidly releases stored heat energy in the multilayer structure that can result ina predicted burn injury.1.1.1 This test method applies a
5、predetermined compressive load to a preheated specimen to simulate conductive heat transfer.1.1.1 This test method is not applicable only to protective clothing systems that are not flame resistant.suitable for exposure toheat and flames.1.1.2 DiscussionFlame resistance of the material system shall
6、be determined prior to testing according to the applicableperformance and/or specification standard or specification standard, or both, for the materials end-use.end use.1.2 This test method establishes procedures for moisture preconditioning of firefighter protective clothing material systems.1.3 T
7、he second-degree burn injury prediction used in this standard is based on a limited number of experiments on forearmsof human subjects.1.3.1 DiscussionThe length of exposures needed to generate a second-degree burn injury in this test method exceeds theexposuresexposure times found in the limited nu
8、mber of experiments on human forearms.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to English units or other units commonly used for thermal testing.1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the properties o
9、f materials, products, or assemblies in response to radiantheat under controlled laboratory conditions but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk firehazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 Th
10、is standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior t
11、o use. Specific precautionary information is found in Section 7.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendation
12、s issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsD3776D3776/D3776M Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of FabricE691 Practic
13、e for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF23.80 on Flame and Thermal.Current edition approved J
14、uly 1, 2011June 1, 2018. Published July 2011June 2018. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 20102011 asF2731 - 10.F2731 11. DOI: 10.1520/F2731-11.10.1520/F2731-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service
15、astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Bec
16、auseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100
17、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective ClothingF1930F193017 Test Method for Evaluation of Flame-Resistant Clothing for Protection Against Fire Simulations Using anInstrumented Manikin2.2 AATCC Test Methods:3AATCC 70 Te
18、st Method for Water Repellency: Tumble Jar Dynamic Absorption TestAATCC 135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering of Durable Press Woven or Knit Fabrics2.3 NFPA Standard:4NFPA 1971 Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting3. Terminology3.1 D
19、efinitions:3.1.1 break-open, nin testing thermal protective materials, a material response evidenceevidenced by the formation of a holein the test specimen.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe specimen is considered to exhibit break-open when a hole is produced as a result of the thermal exposure that is at least
20、3.2cm2 (0.25 in.2) in area or at least 2.5 cm 2.5 cm (1.0 in.) in any dimension. Single threads across the opening or hole do not reducethe size of the hole for purposes of this test method.3.1.2 charring, nthe formation a carbonaceous residue as the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.1.
21、3 dripping, na material response evidenced by flowing of the polymer.3.1.4 embrittlement, nthe formation of brittle residue as a result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.1.5 heat flux, nthe thermal intensity indicated by the amount of energy transmitted per unit area and per unit time; kW/m2(c
22、al/cm2-s).3.1.6 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion.3.1.7 melting, nin testing thermal protective materials, a response evidenced by softening of the polymer.3.1.8 response to heat exposure, nin testing for the transmitted and stored energy of thermal protective materials, theobservable response
23、 of the textile to the energy exposure, as indicated by break-open, melting, dripping, charring, embrittlement,shrinkage, sticking, and ignition.3.1.8.1 DiscussionFor the purposes of this test method, response to heat exposure also includes any non-textile reinforcement material used as partof the p
24、rotective clothing material system that is tested.3.1.9 second-degree burn injury, nreversible burn damage in the epidermis and upper layers of the dermis, resulting inblistering, severe pain, reddening, and swelling.3.1.10 shrinkage, na decrease in one or more dimensions of an object or material.3.
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