[外语类试卷]大学英语六级模拟试卷252及答案与解析.doc
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1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 252及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health. And they have different ways to stay healthy. For example, some exercise every day; others try to keep a balanced diet. What do you think is the best way to
2、stay healthy? Write a composition on the following topic: The Best Way to Keep Healthy. You are given the following outlines in Chinese and are required to write no less than 150 words. Remember to write clearly. 1. 解释题目,指出你对题目的理解; 2. 举例论证你的观点; 3. 总结全文,得出结论。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimmin
3、g and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark: Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contrad
4、icts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Twins The same factors that give rise to uncanny physical similarities between twins-similarities are mirrored in genetic similarities that can have more negative impact. Australian resear
5、cher David Hay has found that one type of identical twin seems to be plagued with developmental difficulties, especially in language acquisition, and that both parents and teachers add to these difficulties by responding more positively to the older of the two. Hay has found that just as many identi
6、cal twins are “mirror images“ of one another-with the facial structure, dominant hand and even fingerprints of one exactly reversed in the other-their brains also seem to reflect the same phenomenon. Questions about Identical Twins “It is almost impossible to find identical pairs (of twins with the
7、same brain structure),“ says Hay, who presented some of his findings on twins at the International Society for Twin Study Conference in Amsterdam in September. “There is generally no relationship between how their brains function; the twins work and think differently.“ “The left half of the brain co
8、ntrols language skills in one twin while in the other it is the right half,“ he continues. “So one twin may have difficulty in the reception of language and the other in communication.“ “We still have piles of questions about identical twins,“ he adds. Hay heads one of the worlds largest studies on
9、twins at LaTrobe University in Melbourne, and has studied 587 sets of twins and their siblings over the last 10 years. He has found that both genetic and social factors combine to put twins at a disadvantage, but that steps can be taken to set the youngsters on the path to normal development. The tw
10、ins who experience the bulk of the problems are the second of two types of identical twins, says Hay. The first type, comprising one-third of all identical twins, results when the fertilized egg splits three to four days after conception. These embryos have separate placentas. The second group forms
11、 when the egg divides four to eight days after conception. They share the same placenta, and are “mirror image“ twins in about 70 percent of the cases. This group is at the highest risk for a range of social and learning problems, as well as for congenital abnormalities such as spinal bifida and cle
12、ft palate. Hay points out that twins traditionally have been known to have difficulties acquiring language sills.“ Theyre older when they say their first word, their sentences are shorter and baby talk persists longer that it does with other children, he says. “They are also known to develop a secre
13、t language they use to communicate with one another.“ Hay has found that this exclusive language is usually the result of one twin omitting letters and syllables as he or she hurries to get a message across before the other one interrupts.“ In a sense their language is very adaptive to their own env
14、ironment, but unfortunately, maladaptive to other situations,“ he says. “Until recently it was believed language problems gradually diminished until around the time of starting school for all children. But now it appears that twins in particular develop a shaky foundation in this area that has to be
15、 corrected early.“ Problems with Twin Boys Hay has also found that “mirror image“ identical twin boys are especially at a loss in trying to pick up language skills in school. They are at a double disadvantage, he notes, because boys are normally slower at language acquisition than girls are. Accordi
16、ng to Hay, as many as 90 percent of the “mirror image“ boys at primary level had some reading problems while 23 percent were seriously learning-disabled. But environmental factors contribute even more heavily to twins troubles, Hay believes. Identical twins, his research shows, have cause to challen
17、ge their parents fairness. Parents tend to lavish more time and attention on the first-born twin, who is often easier to manage and healthier as a baby. As well, the first-born twin is often brought home from the hospital before the second twin, causing parents to “see the second child more negative
18、ly,“ says Hay. This distinction continues into primary school, where the first-born twin is seen as more dominant, independent and better-coordinated than the second. Problems with the Second-born Twins “Surprisingly, teachers confirm these observations without knowing the birth order of the twins,“
19、 says Hay. “When asked about the twins behavior, they reported a lot of problems with the second-born twins, saying they seemed withdrawn or depressed. “Parents should be aware of the way they can stereotype their children.“ he adds. The parents also have a role, as does the twins own relationship,
20、in exacerbating their language difficulties. First, says Hay, parents of twins tend to spend less time with their children individually, so they have less exposure to adult language than do other children. Because twins spend so much time with each other, they reinforce each others relatively undeve
21、loped language. Finally, twins have to compete with each other for adult attention creating the situation in which they finish each others sentences, and interrupt each other, further adding to their already poor language habits. From his findings, Hay has established some flexible guidelines for pa
22、rents of identical twins. One suggestion is for parents to send their twins to preschool centers on alternate days so that contact with other children will accelerate language development. The other twin will benefit from the individual attention of the parent or caretaker who has generally been too
23、 busy attending to the basic needs of two. Many American and European models favor separating twins regardless of the particular case. Hay firmly believes in an individualistic approach to this question, however, in which the nature of the teacher, parents and twins can all be taken into account. “I
24、d say our only set policy is that there is no set policy.“ Hays work is complemented in the United States by Ronald Wilsons Louisville Twin Study at the University of Kentucky. Wilson and other Louisville researchers have been focusing on the significance of twin temperament in child-rearing and dev
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