[外语类试卷]2007年北京大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2007年北京大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 _before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful time together. （ A） Had they arrived （ B） Would they arrive （ C） Were they arriving （ D） Were they to arrive 2 _last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent. （

2、 A） He would leave school （ B） He left school （ C） He had left school （ D） He has left school 3 Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained_. （ A） to be shown （ B） to have been shown （ C） to have shown （ D） bei

3、ng shown 4 _that should be given priority to. （ A） It is the committee has decided （ B） It is only the committee has decided （ C） It is what the committee has decided （ D） It is what has the committee decided 5 The most interesting new cars may owe_the simple wisdom of hiring a few talented people a

4、nd allowing them to work. （ A） less local free-spiritedness than （ B） less local free-spiritedness than to （ C） to less local free-spiritedness than to （ D） less to local free-spiritedness than to 6 Over the years, Jimmy Connors_phenomenal displays of tennis and temperament at the US Open last week,

5、 he exhibited both again. （ A） has treated spectators with （ B） has treated spectators for （ C） has treated spectators （ D） has treated spectators to 7 Summer holidays spent on the hot ghetto streets are_the time middle-class students devote to camps, exotic vacations and highly organized sports. （

6、A） as hardly culturally enriching as （ B） as hardly enriching culture as （ C） hardly as culturally enriching as （ D） hardly as cultural enriching as 8 The major obstacle to the reform in New Orleans, _, is money. （ A） as is it across the country （ B） as it is across the country （ C） as it were acros

7、s the country （ D） as were it across the country 9 Nearly all trees have seeds that fall to the earth, take root, and eventually_. （ A） generate new seeds （ B） new seeds generated （ C） generates new seeds （ D） new seeds are generated 10 The well-maintained facility in San Francisco _ leagues in virt

8、ually every sport. （ A） were home to （ B） was the home of （ C） was home to （ D） was home of 11 Students at these schools test far below the state average in reading, and their scores have improved only_. （ A） marginally （ B） marvelously （ C） martially （ D） markably 12 I was in some doubt as to wheth

9、er the Corporal had_us accidentally on his way out of the town or if hed been deliberately tasked. （ A） crashed on （ B） bumped into （ C） fallen against （ D） puzzled about 13 In previous time, when fresh meat was in short _, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food. （ A） storage （ B）

10、reserve （ C） supply （ D） provision 14 The hospital denies there is any connection between the disciplinary action and Dr. Reids_about health problems. （ A） allegiance （ B） alliance （ C） allegations （ D） alliteration 15 The organization issued a cry of alarm last week, citing “_evidence“ that those c

11、hildren are not receiving the same quality of education as their richer peers. （ A） comparing （ B） completing （ C） compelling （ D） composing 16 Since no one could_his scribbling, the chief editor decided to replace him with another columnist. （ A） encode （ B） decipher （ C） clear （ D） identify 17 Man

12、y Fine Art graduates take _ professional practice as artists, and this course encourages them to consider their role as artists in the community by providing opportunities for short-term placements outside the Faculty. （ A） down （ B） up （ C） out （ D） in 18 The statement said the people of Srebrenica

13、_to the presidents of the United States and France to help halt the offensive. （ A） aroused （ B） ascribed （ C） acclaimed （ D） appealed 19 The professor stopped for a drink and then_with his lecture on the Indian culture. （ A） proceeded （ B） processed （ C） preferred （ D） presented 20 Although the fal

14、se banknotes fooled many people, they did not_close examination. （ A） put up with （ B） keep up with （ C） stand up to （ D） look up to 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 In science the meaning of the word “explain“ suffers with civilizations every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain elec

15、tricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mys

16、terious forces “really“ are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, “is not a thing, like St. Pauls Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell. “ Until

17、 recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a sel

18、f-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because thats where they belong, and smoke goes up because thats where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born

19、 when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation. 21 Bertrand Russells notion about electricity is_. （ A） disapproved of by most modern scientists （ B） in agreement with Aristotles th

20、eory of self-evident principles （ C） in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “how“ things happen （ D） in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “why“ things happen 22 The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea that_. （ A） there are sel

21、f-evident principles （ B） there are mysterious forces in the universe （ C） man cannot discover what forces “really“ are （ D） we can discover why things behave as they do 23 The expression “speculated on“ (Line 4) means_. （ A） considered （ B） suspected （ C） expected （ D） engaged in buying and selling

22、 23 The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see

23、it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods“ we want,

24、and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may

25、know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do. A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to

26、 discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo draw a co

27、mparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect

28、those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity. 24 The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because_. （ A） it is essential to personal freedom in American society （ B） it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge （ C）

29、personal health choices help cure most illnesses （ D） wrong decisions could lead to poor health 25 Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because_. （ A） current medical knowledge is still insufficient （ B） there are many factors influencing our decisions （ C） people are usually infl

30、uenced by the behavior of their friends （ D） few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of life 26 According to Fries and Crapo, sound health choice should be based on_. （ A） personal decisions （ B） societys laws （ C） friends opinions （ D） statistical evidence 26 For gather

31、ing data about individuals or groups at different developmental levels, researchers can use two. related research designs; longitudinal and cross-sectional. A longitudinal study is one that measures a behavior or a characteristic of an individual over a period of time, perhaps decades. An example of

32、 such a study is the Berkeley Growth Study begun in 1928 by Nancy Bayley. The study focused on a group of 74 white, middle-class newborns. As they grew older, extensive measures of their intellectual, personality, and motor development were recorded. The subjects were studied for more than thirty ye

33、ars. The longitudinal research design is a powerful technique for seeking understandings of the effects of early experiences on later development. Also, differences in or stability of behaviors or characteristics at different ages can be determined. Longitudinal studies, however, are expensive to co

34、nduct, time-consuming, and heavily contingent on the patience and persistence of the researchers. The findings of a longitudinal study may be jeopardized by relocation of subjects to another part of the country and by boredom or irritation at repeated testing. Another disadvantage is that society ch

35、anges from one time to another and the subjects participating in the study reflect to some degree such changes. The methods of study or the questions guiding the researchers may also change from one time to another. If properly conducted, however, longitudinal studies can produce useful, direct info

36、rmation about development. A cross-sectional study is one in which subjects of differing ages are selected and compared on a specific behavior or characteristic. They are alike with respect to socioeconomic status, sex, or educational level. For example, a researcher may be interested in looking at

37、changes in intelligence over a thirty-year period. Three groups of subjects, ages ten, twenty, and thirty, may be selected and tested. Conclusions are drawn from the test data. The cross-sectional research design has the clear advantage of being less expensive to conduct and certainly less time-cons

38、uming. The major disadvantage is that different individuals who make up the study sample have not been observed over time. No information about past influences on development or about age-related changes is secured. Like longitudinal studies, the cross-sectional methods cannot erase the generational

39、 influence that exists when subjects studied are born at different time. Psychologists are now beginning to use an approach that combines longitudinal and cross-sectional research methods. 27 Which of the following is NOT one of the disadvantages of a longitudinal research? （ A） The subjects may bec

40、ome irritated at repeated testing. （ B） The participants in the study may not stay in one place for many years. （ C） The behavior of a subject in the study may be measured continuously for many years. （ D） Social changes may be reflected in the behaviors of the subjects participating in the study. 2

41、8 The word “contingent“ in the third paragraph probably means_. （ A） dependent （ B） consecutive （ C） determined （ D） continual 29 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） The subjects in a cross-sectional research are not of the same age group. （ B） The methods of study in longitudinal resear

42、ch will not change over time. （ C） Longitudinal research is reliable only in seeking understandings of the effects of early experiences on later development. （ D） Cross-sectional methods are not usually adopted in studying, for example, the changes in intelligence over a thirty-year period. 30 One o

43、f the differences between cross-sectional research and longitudinal research is that_. （ A） the latter usually focuses on only one subject, while the former involves groups of subjects （ B） the former can be free from the influence of social changes （ C） the latter can be free from the influence of

44、social changes （ D） the former costs less money and takes less time 30 (51) It is useful to remember that history is to the nation as memory is to the individual. As persons deprived of memory become disoriented and lost, not knowing where they have been and where they are going, so a nation denied

45、a conception of the past will be disabled in dealing with its present and its future. History is the best antidote to delusions of omnipotence and omniscience. (52) Self-knowledge is the indispensable prelude to self-control, for the nation as well as for individual. History should forever remind us

46、 of the limits of our passing perspectives. It should strengthen us to resist the pressure to convert momentary impulses into moral absolutes. It should lead us to recognition of the fact, so often and so sadly displayed, that the future outwits all our certitudes and that the possibilities of the f

47、uture are more various than the human intellect is designed to conceive. (53) A nation informed by a vivid understanding of the ironies of history is best equipped to manage the tragic temptations of military power. Let us not bully our way through life, but let a sensitivity to history temper and c

48、ivilize our use of power. In the meantime, let a thousand historical flowers bloom. (54) History is never a closed book or a final verdict. It is forever in the interests of an ideology, a religion, a race, and a nation. The great strength of history is its capacity for self-correction. This is the

49、endless excitement of historical writing: the search to reconstruct what went before. (55) A nations history must be both the guide and the domain not so much of its historians as its citizens. 三、 Cloze 35 In Microsofts latest attempt to reach out to bloggers, the company recently gave away expensive laptops loaded【 C1】 _its new Windows Vista operating system. But the gifts generated controversy as well as good【 C2】 _, with