ASTM A975-2011(2016) Standard Specification for Double&ndash Twisted Hexagonal Mesh Gabions and Revet Mattresses (Metallic-Coated Steel Wire or Metallic-Coated Steel Wire With Poly.pdf

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1、Designation: A975 11 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Specification forDoubleTwisted Hexagonal Mesh Gabions and RevetMattresses (Metallic-Coated Steel Wire or Metallic-CoatedSteel Wire With Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Coating)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A975; the number immediately

2、following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specifi

3、cation covers gabions and revet mattressesproduced from double-twisted metallic-coated wire mesh, andmetallic-coated wire for lacing wire, stiffeners, and fastenersused for manufacturing, assembling, and installation of theproduct. This specification also covers gabions and revetmattresses in which

4、the wire mesh, lacing wire, and stiffenersare poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) coated after the metallic coat-ing.1.2 Double-twisted wire mesh for gabions and revet mat-tresses is produced in different styles, based on type of coating,as described in Section 4.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be r

5、egarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This specification references notes and footnotes whichprovide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (ex-cluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered asrequirements of this specification.1.5

6、 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 13, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to consult and establish appropr

7、iate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A90/A90M Test Method for Weight Mass of Coating onIron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy CoatingsA313/A313M Specification for Stainless Steel Spri

8、ng WireA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA428/A428M Test Method for Weight Mass of Coating onAluminum-Coated Iron or Steel ArticlesA641/A641M Specification for ZincCoated (Galvanized)Carbon Steel WireA764 Specification for Metallic Coated Carbon Steel Wire,Coat

9、ed at Size and Drawn to Size for Mechanical SpringsA809 Specification for Aluminum-Coated (Aluminized)Carbon Steel WireA856/A856M Specification for Zinc-5 % Aluminum-Mischmetal Alloy-Coated Carbon Steel WireA902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Prod-uctsB117 Practice for Operating Salt

10、Spray (Fog) ApparatusD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD746 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plasticsand Elastomers by ImpactD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD1242 Test Methods for Re

11、sistance of Plastic Materials toAbrasion (Withdrawn 2003)3D1499 Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Expo-sures of PlasticsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessG23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmeta

12、llic Materials (Withdrawn 2000)33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Refer to Terminology A902 for general terminologyrelating to metallic-coated steel products.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 onMetallic-Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibili

13、ty ofSubcommittee A05.12 on Wire Specifications.Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published June 2016. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A975 - 11. DOI:10.1520/A0975-11R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cus

14、tomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,

15、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 double-twisted wire mesh, na nonraveling meshmade by twisting continuous pairs of wires through threeone-half turns (commonly called double-twisted) to formhexagonal-shaped openings which are th

16、en interconnected toadjacent wires to form hexagonal openings.3.2.2 edge wire, na terminal wire used to edge the wiremesh parallel to the double twist by continuously weaving itinto the wire mesh.3.2.3 fastener, nan alternate method to lacing wire usedfor binding operations for gabions and revet mat

17、tresses.3.2.4 gabion, na double-twisted wire mesh container ofvariable sizes, uniformly partitioned into internal cells, inter-connected with other similar units, and filled with stone at theproject site to form flexible, permeable, monolithic structuressuch as retaining walls, sea wall, channel lin

18、ings, revetments,and weirs for erosion control projects (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).3.2.5 lacing wire, n for gabions and revet mattresses,ametallic-coated steel wire or metallic-coated steel wire withPVC coating used to assemble and interconnect empty units, toclose and secure stone-filled units, and fo

19、r internal stiffeners.3.2.6 revet mattress, na double-twisted wire mesh con-tainer uniformly partitioned into internal cells with relativelysmall height in relation to other dimensions, having smallermesh openings than the mesh used for gabions; revet mat-tresses are generally used for riverbank pro

20、tection and channellinings (see Fig. 3).3.2.7 selvedge wire, na terminal wire used to edge thewire mesh perpendicular to the double twist by mechanicallywrapping the mesh wires around it at least 2.5 times or byinserting it throughout the twists and folding one mesh length.3.2.8 stiffener, nfor gabi

21、ons, a length of metallic-coatedsteel wire or metallic-coated steel wire with PVC coating usedfor support of facing by connecting the front panel to the backpanel of a gabion (stiffener formed at the project site using wirehaving the same diameter as for the lacing wire (see Table 1)or across the co

22、rners of a gabion cell (preformed stiffenerhaving a diameter as specified in Table 1).3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 PVCpoly(vinyl chloride).3.3.2 Zn-5A1-MMzinc-5 % aluminum-mischmetal alloy.4. Classification4.1 Double-twisted wire gabions and revet mattresses areclassified according to coating, as follows

23、:4.1.1 Style 1, consists of double-twisted wire mesh madefrom wire which is zinc coated before being double-twistedinto mesh. Fasteners, lacing wire, and stiffeners are producedfrom zinc-coated wire.4.1.2 Style 2, consists of double-twisted wire mesh madefrom wire which is coated with Zn-5A1-MM befo

24、re beingdouble-twisted into mesh. Fasteners, lacing wire, and stiffenersare also produced from Zn-5A1-MM coated wire.4.1.3 Style 3, consists of double-twisted mesh, lacing wire,and stiffeners as Style 1 and overcoated with PVC. Fastenersshall be of stainless steel wire.4.1.4 Style 4, consists of dou

25、ble-twisted mesh made fromwire which is aluminum-coated before being double-twistedinto mesh. Fasteners, lacing wire, and stiffeners are alsoproduced from aluminum-coated wire.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include thefollowing information:5.1.1 Quantity (

26、number of units) as shown on plan,5.1.2 Product type (gabions or revet mattresses),5.1.3 Size (length by width by height),5.1.4 Style of coating (Section 4), including the specificstyle to be furnished, or all acceptable styles,5.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue,5.1.6 Any special requirements

27、(see 8.2.5), and5.1.7 Certification, if required (see Section 15).NOTE 1Atypical ordering description is as follows: 100 gabions, 2 by1by1mor(6by3by3ft), 100 revet mattresses 4 by 2 by 0.23 m or (12by 6 by 0.75 ft) and 100 lids 4 by2mor(12by6ft)asshown on plans;Style 1, 2, 3, or 4 with required fast

28、eners or lacing wire and stiffeners;conforming to ASTM A975.6. Material and Manufacture6.1 The wire used in the manufacture of double-twistedmesh for use in gabions and revet mattresses shall conform tothe specifications shown in 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 6.1.3,or6.1.4 asappropriate for the style ordered, excep

29、t that the tensilestrength shall conform to 7.1.6.1.1 Style 1 double-twisted mesh shall be manufacturedfrom zinc-coated steel wire conforming to Specification A641/A641M, Class 3 coating, soft temper.6.1.2 Style 2 double-twisted mesh shall be manufacturedfrom Zn-5A1-MM-coated steel wire conforming t

30、o Specifica-tion A856/A856M, Class 3 coating, soft temper.6.1.3 Style 3 double-twised mesh shall be manufacturedfrom the same type of metallic-coated steel wire as Style 1 withFIG. 1 GabionA975 11 (2016)2an additional PVC coating extruded onto the metallic-coatedsteel wire. The PVC coating shall con

31、form to the properties in8.2.6.1.3.1 Original or modified thermoplastic polymers alongwith their application methods can be permitted as a substitutefor PVC coatings, as long as their performance is equivalent tothe performance requirements of the PVC coating.6.1.4 Style 4 double-twisted mesh shall

32、be manufacturedfrom aluminum-coated steel wire conforming to SpecificationA809, soft temper.6.2 Lacing wire and stiffeners shall be made of wire havingthe same coating material as the double-twisted wire meshfurnished on the order and conforming to Specification A641/A641M, A856/A856M,orA809, with a

33、 tensile strength inaccordance with 7.16.3 Fasteners made from zinc-coated steel wire, zinc-5 %aluminum mischmetal alloy-coated steel wire and aluminum-coated steel wire shall conform to Specification A764, Type A,B, or C, Class 3, with a tensile strength in accordance with 7.2.FIG. 2 Mechanically M

34、anufactured GabionFIG. 3 Revet MattressA975 11 (2016)3Fasteners made from stainless steel wire shall conform toSpecification A313/A313M, Type 302, with a tensile strengthin accordance with 7.2.6.4 Gabions and revet mattresses shall be manufacturedwith all components mechanically connected at the pro

35、ductionfacility with the exception of the mattress lid which is producedseparately from the base (see Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3). Allgabions (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) and revet mattresses (Fig. 3) shallbe supplied in the collapsed form, either folded and bundled orrolled, for shipping.7. Mechanical Prope

36、rties7.1 Tensile Strength The tensile strength of wire used fordouble-twisted mesh, lacing wire, and stiffener, when tested inaccordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370, shall bein accordance with the requirements of Specification A641/A641M, A809, and A856/A856M for soft temper wire.7.2 Fast

37、enersThe tensile strength of zinc-coated steelwire, zinc-5 % aluminum mischmetal alloy-coated steel wireand aluminum-coated steel wire used for fasteners shall be inaccordance with the requirements of Specification A764, TypeA, B, or C, Table 2 or Table 3. The tensile strength of stainlesssteel wire

38、 used for fasteners shall be in accordance with therequirements of Specification A313/A313M, Type 302, Table2. Any fastener system shall give the number of fastenersrequired to comply with Table 2 in accordance with thepull-part resistance test (see 13.1.2). The manufacturer orsupplier shall state t

39、he number of fasteners required for allvertical and horizontal connections for single- and multiple-basket joinings and shall include a description of a properlyinstalled fastener including drawings or photographs.7.3 Mesh and Panel to Panel Joint StrengthThe minimumstrength requirements of the mesh

40、, selvedge wire to meshconnection, panel to panel connection, and punch test, whentested in accordance with 13.1, shall be as shown in Table 2.8. Physical Properties8.1 Metallic Coating The coating weights shall conformto the requirements of Specification A641/A641M, Class 3, forzinc coating or Spec

41、ification A856/A856M, Class 3, forZn-5A1-MM coating, or Specification A809 for aluminumcoating.8.2 PVC for Coating The initial properties of PVC coat-ing material shall have a demonstrated ability to conform to thefollowing requirements:8.2.1 Specific Gravity In the range from 1.30 to 1.35 whenteste

42、d in accordance with Test Method D792.8.2.2 Tensile Strength Not less than 20.6 MPa (2985 psi)when tested in accordance with Test Methods D412.8.2.3 Modulus of ElasticityNot less than 18.6 MPa (2700psi) when tested in accordance with Test Methods D412.8.2.4 HardnessShore“ D” between 50 and 60, when

43、testedin accordance with Test Method D2240.8.2.5 Brittleness TemperatureNot higher than 9C(15F), or lower temperature when specified by the purchaser,when tested in accordance with Test Method D746 (see Note2).NOTE 2The maximum brittleness temperature should be at least 8C(15F) below the minimum tem

44、perature at which the gabions will befilled.8.2.6 Resistance to AbrasionThe percentage of the weightloss shall be less than 12 %, when tested in accordance withTest Method D1242.8.2.7 Salt Spray Exposure and Ultraviolet Light Exposure:8.2.7.1 The PVC shall show no effect after 3000 h of saltspray ex

45、posure in accordance with Test Method B117.8.2.7.2 The PVC shall show no effect of exposure toultraviolet light with test exposure of 3000 h, using apparatusType E and 63C (145F), when tested in accordance withPractice D1499 and G23.8.2.7.3 Evaluation of Coating After Salt Spray and Ultra-violet Exp

46、osure TestAfter the salt spray test and exposure toultraviolet light as specified in 8.2.7.1 and 8.2.7.2, the PVCTABLE 1 Mesh CharacteristicsAGabion Revet MattressesCharacteristicsMetallicCoatedPVC CoatedMetallicCoatedPVC CoatedMesh Type 8 by 10 6 by 8Mesh Opening 83 by 114 mm 83 by 114 mm 64 by 83

47、mm 64 by 83 mm(3.25 by 4.5in.)(3.25 by 4.5in.)(2.5 by 3.25in.)2.5by3.25in.)Mesh wire 3.05 mm 2.7 mm 2.2 mm 2.2 mm(0.120 in.) (0.106 in.) (0.087 in.) (0.087 in.)Selvedge wire 3.8 mm 3.4 mm 2.7 mm 2.7 mm(0.150 in.) (0.134 in.) (0.105 in.) (0.105 in.)Lacing wire 2.2 mm 2.2 mm 2.2 mm 2.2 mm(0.087 in.) (

48、0.087 in.) (0.087 in.) (0.087 in.)Fasteners 3.0 mm 3.0 mm 3.0 mm 3.0 mm(0.118 in.) (0.118 in.) (0.118 in.) (0.118 in.)Stiffeners:Using lacingwire2.2 mm 2.2 mm 2.2 mm 2.2 mm(0.087 in.) (0.087 in.) (0.087 in.) (0.087 in.)Preformed 3.8 mm 3.4 mm N/A N/A(0.150 in.) (0.134 in.)PVC coatingthickness:Nomina

49、l N/A 0.50 mm(0.02 in.)N/A 0.50 mm(0.02 in.)Minimum N/A 0.38 mm(0.015 in.)N/A 0.38 mm(0.015 in.)AAll dimensions and wire diameters are minimum nominal values.TABLE 2 Minimum Strength Requirements of Mesh andConnectionsTestDescriptionGabions, MetallicCoatedGabion, PVCCoatedRevet Mattress MetallicCoated and PVCCoatedkN/m (lbf/ft) kN/m (lbf/ft) kN/m (lbf/ft)Parallel totwist51.1 (3500) 42.3 (2900) 33.6 (2300)Perpendicularto twist26.3 (1800) 20.4 (1400) 13.1 (900)Connection toselvedges20.4 (1400) 17.5 (1200) 10.2 (700)Panel to 20.4 (1400) 17.5 (1200