ASTM A485-2003 Standard Specification for High Hardenability Antifriction Bearing Steel《高淬透性耐磨轴承钢标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: A 485 03Standard Specification forHigh Hardenability Antifriction Bearing Steel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu

2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers high hardenability modifica-t

3、ions of high-carbon bearing quality steel to be used in themanufacture of antifriction bearings.1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature areprovided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.2. Referenced

4、Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon andAlloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Require-ments for2A 255 Test Method of End-Quench Test for Hardenabilityof Steel2A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel Products3E 45 Tes

5、t Methods For Determining the Inclusion Contentof Steel4E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing, Inspection, and RatingSteel Products, Comprising Bars, Billets, Blooms, andForgings4E 1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel and in Iron, Nickel, andCobalt Alloys5E

6、 1077 Test Method for Estimating the Depth of Decarbur-ization of Steel Specimens42.2 Other Standards:SAE J148a Grain Size Determination of Steel6ISO 683 Part 17: Ball and Roller Bearing Steels73. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following inform

7、ation:3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),3.1.2 Grade identification,3.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.4 Dimensions,3.1.5 Supplementary requirements, if included.4. Process4.1 The steel shall be made by a process that is capable ofproviding a high quality product meeting the requi

8、rements ofthis specification.5. Chemical Composition and Analysis5.1 Typical examples of chemical compositions are shownin Table 1. Other compositions may be specified.5.2 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by thesteel manufacturer in accordance with Test Methods, Practices,and Terminol

9、ogy A 751. The chemical composition thus deter-mined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1for the ordered grade or to other requirements agreed uponbetween manufacturer and purchaser.5.3 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser inaccordance with Test Methods, Practice, and Term

10、inologyA 751. Permissible variations in product analysis shall be inaccordance with Specification A 29/A 29M.6. Sizes, Shapes, and Dimensional Tolerances6.1 The physical size and shape of the material shall beagreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.6.2 Dimensional tolerances for hot-rolled or

11、 hot-rolled andannealed bars, in straight lengths or coils, and cold-finishedbars furnished under this specification shall conform to therequirements specified in the latest edition of SpecificationA 29/A 29M.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Stee

12、l and Related Alloys , and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.28 on Bearing Steels.Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as A 48500.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.3Annual Book of ASTM S

13、tandards, Vol 01.03.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.6Available from The Engineering Society for Advanced Mobility of Land, Sea,Air and Space, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-001.7Available from the International Organization for Standa

14、rdization (ISO), 1, ruede Varemb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzerland.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Quality Tests7.1 The supplier shall be held responsible for the quality ofthe material furnished and

15、 shall make the necessary testsdetailed below: Quality tests shown in 7.1 through 7.4 arebased upon procedures established in Practice E 45.7.2 SamplingSamples taken in accordance with the fol-lowing paragraphs shall be obtained from 4 by 4 in. (102 by102 mm) rolled billets or forged sections. Tests

16、 may be madeon smaller or larger sections by agreement with the purchaser.A minimum of 3 to 1 reduction of rolled billets or forgedsections is required for strand cast products.7.2.1 For top poured products, a minimum of six samplesrepresenting the top and bottom of the first, middle and lastusable

17、ingots shall be examined.7.2.2 For bottom poured products, a minimum of sixsamples shall be taken from semi-finished or finished productrepresenting the top and bottom of three ingots. One ingot shallbe taken at random from the first usable plate poured, one ingotat random from the usable plate pour

18、ed nearest to the middle ofthe heat, and one ingot at random from the last usable platepoured. When a heat is constituted by two usable plates, two ofthe sample ingots shall be selected from the second usable platepoured. When a heat consists of a single usable plate, any threerandom ingots may be s

19、elected. Other methods of samplingshall be as agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.7.2.3 For strand cast products, a minimum of six samplesrepresenting the first, middle, and last portion of the heat castshall be examined. At least one sample shall be taken fromeach strand.7.3 MacroetchSpe

20、cimens representative of cross-sectionsof billets shall be macroetched and rated in accordance withMethod E 381 in hydrochloric acid and water (1.1) at 60 to180F (71 to 82C). Such specimens shall not exceed S2, R2,C2 of Method E 381.7.4 Inclusion RatingSpecimens approximately38 by34in. (9.5 by 19.1

21、mm) shall be taken from an area halfwaybetween the center and outside of the billet. The polished faceshall be longitudinal to the direction of rolling. The scale usedfor rating the specimens shall be the chart described in PracticeE 45, Method A, Plate I-r. Inclusion fields with sizes ornumbers int

22、ermediate between configurations shown on thechart shall be classified as the lesser of the rating number. Theworst field of each inclusion type from each specimen shall berecorded as the rating for the specimen. Two thirds of allspecimens and at least one from each ingot tested, or from thefirst, m

23、iddle and last portion of the strands tested as well as theaverage of all specimens, shall not exceed the rating specifiedin Table 2.8. Grain Size8.1 The steels covered by this specification shall have thecapability of showing fine fracture grain size (approximatelyASTM No. 8) (SAE J418a) when quenc

24、hed from normalaustenizing temperatures not exceeding 1550F (843C).9. Hardenability9.1 Each heat shall be tested for hardenability. Normalizingfollowed by spheroidize annealing shall precede heating forend quenching. In heating for end quenching, the test speci-mens shall be held for a minimum of 30

25、 min at 1500 6 8F(815 6 4.5C). End-quench procedure shall be in accordanceTABLE 1 Chemical CompositionA,BNumberCName C Mn P (max) S (max) Si Cr Ni (max) Ti (max) Cu (max) Mo O (max)DAl (max)1 Grade 1 0.901.05 0.901.20 0.025 0.015 0.450.75 0.901.20 0.25 0.0050 0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.0502 Grade 2 0.

26、851.00 1.401.70 0.025 0.015 0.500.80 1.401.80 0.25 0.0050 0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.0503 Grade 3 0.951.10 0.650.90 0.025 0.015 0.150.35 1.101.50 0.25 0.0050 0.30 0.200.30 0.0015 0.0504 Grade 4 0.951.10 1.051.35 0.025 0.015 0.150.35 1.101.50 0.25 0.0050 0.30 0.450.60 0.0015 0.050B2 100CrMnSi44 0.931.0

27、5 0.901.20 0.025 0.015 0.450.75 0.901.20 . . .E0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.050B3 100CrMnSi64 0.931.05 1.001.20 0.025 0.015 0.450.75 1.401.65 . . .E0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.050B4 100CrMnSi66 0.931.05 1.401.70 0.025 0.015 0.450.75 1.401.65 . . .E0.30 0.10 (max) 0.0015 0.050B5 100CrMo7 0.931.05 0.250.45 0

28、.025 0.015 0.150.35 1.651.95 . . .E0.30 0.150.30 0.0015 0.050B6 100CrMo73 0.931.05 0.600.80 0.025 0.015 0.150.35 1.651.95 . . .E0.30 0.200.35 0.0015 0.050B7 100CrMo74 0.931.05 0.600.80 0.025 0.015 0.150.35 1.651.95 . . .E0.30 0.400.50 0.0015 0.050B8 100CrMnMoSi846 0.931.05 0.801.10 0.025 0.015 0.400

29、.60 1.802.05 . . .E0.30 0.500.60 0.0015 0.050AElements not quoted shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser.BIntentional additions of calcium or calcium alloys for deoxidation or inclusion shape control are not permitted unless specifically approved by the

30、purchaser.CSteels B2 through B8 meet the requirements of ISO 683, Part 17, Second Edition, Table 3.DOxygen content applies to product analysis and shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E 1019.EA maximum titanium content may be agreed upon at the time of inquiry and order.TABLE 2 Inclus

31、ion RatingRating UnitsThin Series Heavy SeriesA212 A112B2 B1C12 C12D1 D1TABLE 3 Hardenability ValuesRockwell CMinimum Rockwell C Values at Sixteenth of InchGrade 10 20 281 46 . .2 . . . 52 323 46 . .4 . . . 52 35A485032with Test Method A 255. The “J” values for hardenability asshown in Table 3 shall

32、 apply.10. Decarburization and Surface Imperfections10.1 Decarburization and surface imperfections shall notexceed the limits specified in Table 4. Decarburization shall bemeasured using the microscopical methods described in TestMethod E 1077.11. Microstructure and Hardness11.1 The material shall b

33、e free of excessive carbide segre-gation.11.2 When annealing is specified in the order, the steel shallhave a microstructure completely spheroidized, or as agreedupon, and the maximum hardness as specified in Table 5.12. Inspection12.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers inspectorall reason

34、able facilities necessary to satisfy him that thematerial is being produced and furnished in accordance withthis specification. Mill inspection by the purchaser shall notinterfere unnecessarily with the manufacturers operations. Alltests and inspections shall be made at the place of manufacture,unle

35、ss otherwise agreed to.13. Certification and Reports13.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,a manufacturers certification that the material was manufac-tured and tested in accordance with this specification togetherwith a report of the test results shall be furnished at the time

36、ofshipment. Special requirements agreed to at the time ofpurchase must be noted on the certification.TABLE 4 Decarburization and Surface Imperfections for Bars and TubesMaximum Decarburization or Surface Imperfections per Side, in. (mm)Size, in. (mm) Hot-Rolled Bars Hot-Rolled Annealed Cold-Finished

37、 AnnealedBars Tubes Bars TubesOver 1.000 (25.4) to 2.000 (50.8),incl0.017 (0.43) 0.022 (0.56) 0.020 (0.51) 0.017 (0.43) 0.014 (0.36)Over 2.000 (50.8) to 3.000 (76.2),incl0.025 (0.64) 0.030 (0.76) 0.030 (0.76) 0.025 (0.64) 0.019 (0.48)Over 3.000 (76.2) to 4.000 (101.6),incl0.035 (0.89) 0.045 (1.14) 0

38、.035 (0.89) . . . 0.024 (0.61)Over 4.000 (101.6) to 5.000(127.0), incl0.055 (1.40) 0.065 (1.65) 0.040 (1.02) . . . 0.028 (0.71)TABLE 5 Hardness Limits for Annealed MaterialProduct Condition Maximum HardnessBrinell RockwellCoils hot-rolled, annealed . . . B 97Bars and tubes hot-rolled, annealed 217 .

39、 . .Coils annealed, colddrawn (stressrelieved). B92Coils, bars, and tubes annealed, colddrawnA260 . . .ACold swaged material is not included.A485033SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the supplementary requirements described below apply when included inpurchasers order or contract. When so incl

40、uded, a supplementary requirement shall have the sameforce as if it were in the body of the specification. Supplementary requirements details not fullydescribed shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier, but shall not negate any of therequirements in the body of the specification.S

41、1. “SAM” Inclusion Rating SystemS1.1 The purchaser may specify that the “SAM” inclusionrating method, described in Method E of Practice E 45, be usedin addition to the micro-inclusion rating method described in7.4.S1.2 SamplingSee Section 7.S1.3 LimitsThe “SAM” rating for Type B inclusions shallnot

42、exceed 15. The “SAM” rating for Type D inclusions shallnot exceed 10.S2. Magnetic Particle MethodS2.1 The purchaser may specify that the magnetic particlesmethod described below be used in addition to the micro-inclusion rating system described in 7.4. The magnetic particlemethod measures bearing st

43、eel cleanliness by evaluating thetotal length of macro-inclusions for a stated area or per unitarea. Results are commonly expressed in mm/m2.S2.2 SamplingSee 7.2.S2.3 Test specimens shall be straight cylinder quarter sec-tion samples prepared and examined in accordance with themagnetic particle meth

44、od of Practice E 45.S2.4 For purposes of calculation, an inclusion length shallbe taken as the mean length of the length bracket in which itfalls; that is, an inclusion in the116 to18 in. bracket shall betaken as being332 in length. The sum of all lengths for eachspecimen shall be determined and exp

45、ressed as total length perarea inspected. The average total length per area inspected ofall six specimens shall not exceed 200 mm/m2(or equivalent).S3. Sulfur Requirements for MachinabilityS3.1 The sulfur content shall be 0.0150.030 %.S3.2 The sulfide (type A) rating units in Table 2 shall be 3.0thi

46、n and 2.0 heavy.S3.3 The manufacturers certification shall state that mate-rial was produced to this supplementary requirement whenapplicable.S4. Calculated HardenabilityS4.1 A calculated hardenability shall be used in lieu of therequirements in Section 9. The method used shall be agreedupon between

47、 the purchaser and the steel supplier at the timeof inquiry and order.S5. Sample Reduction RatioS5.1 For the sampling described in 7.2, the purchaser mayspecify that the reduction ratio from as-cast section to testsection be provided.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of an

48、y patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to rev

49、ision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake y