ASHRAE 153-2015 Method of Test for Mass Flow Capacity of Four-Way Refrigerant Reversing Valves.pdf

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1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 153-2015Method of Test forMass Flow Capacity ofFour-Way RefrigerantReversing ValvesApproved by ASHRAE on April 30, 2015, and by the American National Standards Institute on May 1, 2015.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the Stan

2、dard number is the year ofASHRAE approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org)or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide)

3、 or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprintpermission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2015 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is definedby t

4、he American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as“substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority,but not necessarily una

5、nimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation

6、of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members m

7、ay or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of this Standar

8、d,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available i

9、nformation and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systemstested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guid

10、elineswill be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, bysuggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipme

11、nt, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformanceto them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline

12、 and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 153Cognizant TC: 8.8, Refrigerant System Controls and Accessories SPLS Liaison: James W. Earley, Jr.Robert A. Jones,* Chair

13、 Jing Zheng* Mike NobleRalph L. Badtram* Richard J. Buck Noboru SaruwatariRobert R. Bittle* Pandu R. Cholkeri Ernest W. SchumacherMichael D. Ditello* Frederic D. Colsoul Hiroshi UemuraW. Vance Payne* Larry D. CummingsKirk Stifle* Dennis A. Littwin * Denotes members of voting status when the document

14、 was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20142015Richard L. Hall, Chair James W. Earley, Jr. Mark P. ModeraDouglass T. Reindl, Vice-Chair Steven J. Emmerich Cyrus H. NasseriJoseph R. Anderson Patricia T. Graef Heather L. PlattJames Dale Aswegan Rita M. Harrold Peter SimmondsCharles S.

15、 Barnaby Adam W. Hinge Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Donald M. Brundage Srinivas Katipamula Jack H. ZarourJohn A. Clark Debra H. Kennoy Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOWaller S. Clements Malcolm D. Knight Bjarne Wilkens Olesen, CODavid R. Conover Rick A. LarsonJohn F. Dunlap Arsen K. MelkovStephanie C. Reiniche, S

16、enior Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 153-2015,Method of Test for Mass Flow Capacity of F

17、our-Way Refrigerant Reversing ValvesSECTION PAGEForeword .21 Purpose.22 Scope23 Definitions .24 Required Test Conditions25 Data Required.26 Test Instruments .37 Test Apparatus38 Test Procedure39 Mass Flow-Rate Calculation .310 Normative References.4Informative Annex A: Example Data Sheet and Graph f

18、or Four-Way Reversing Valve Mass Flow Capacity.9Informative Annex B: Computation of Flow Capacity in Terms of Refrigerating Effect .11Informative Annex C: Suggested Test Apparatus if Testing with Refrigerant .12Informative Annex D: Bibliography13NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for t

19、his standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2015 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,

20、 Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15

21、3-2015(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a c

22、onsensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThis standard provides a means for measuring the mass flowcapacity of reversing valves used on heat pumps and otherrefrigerating systems. It was created because accurate capa

23、c-ity data is needed to facilitate the proper application of four-way valves in a variety of refrigerating systems that employ avariety of refrigerants.The test method is intended to be within the capabilitiesof most users and producers employing conventional labora-tory apparatus. It allows the use

24、 of a wide variety of test flu-ids, including the refrigerant intended for the end application.1. PURPOSETo provide a test method for measuring the refrigerant vapormass flow capacity of four-way refrigerant reversing valves.The standard aims to measure mass flow capacity with suffi-cient accuracy t

25、o facilitate application decisions.2. SCOPEThis standard describes test methods, procedures, instrumen-tation, computations, and suggested apparatus for this test.3. DEFINITIONSWhere the following terms occur in this standard, the defini-tions provided in this section apply:capacity: the refrigerant

26、 mass flow rate through a four-wayreversing valve at specific operating conditions.four-way reversing valve: a refrigerating-system controldevice for changing the direction of refrigerant flow throughthe heat exchangers of a refrigerating system by redirectingboth the high-pressure flow (discharge)

27、from the compressorand the low-pressure flow (suction) to the compressor. Alsoreferred to as a reversing valve.reversing valve: see four-way reversing valve.shall and should: the word “shall” is to be understood as arequirement and the word “should” as a recommendation.specified conditions: the cond

28、itions at which the mass flowcapacity of the valve is to be measured. Typically, these con-ditions are approximately equivalent to the desired end-useapplication operating conditions.valve position: one of either of two positions of the internalparts of the reversing valve to direct refrigerant flow

29、 in a spe-cific direction.4. REQUIREDTEST CONDITIONS4.1 The fluid entering both flow paths of the reversing valveshall be conditioned such that no phase change occurs in thetest fluid throughout the test.4.2 The fluid pressure, fluid temperature, and ambient airtemperature surrounding the valve unde

30、r test shall be stabi-lized during the test.4.3 If lubricant is added to the fluid flow, the lubricant frac-tion flowing through the valve under test shall not exceed theamount that would be contained in a thin coating on the inter-nal wall of the system tubing and valve.4.4 The fluid pressure enter

31、ing the high-pressure flow pathshall be higher than the pressure entering the low-pressureflow path to ensure that any pressure-sensitive seals arebiased in the intended direction.4.5 The flow rates through the reversing valve under testshall not exceed values that cause the pressure drop across the

32、valve to exceed 10% of the absolute pressure entering theflow path to ensure that vapor flows (if vapor is used). Thisallows flow to be considered as incompressible for calcula-tions. The test system flow rates shall be adjusted as neces-sary to meet this requirement.4.6 Test flow rates shall extend

33、 above and below the intendedend-use flow rate for the reversing valve. Select two (2) ormore test conditions using the chosen fluid (gas or liquid) thatwill span the desired operating range. Compute and record theflow rate and the square root of the product of fluid densityand the pressure drop acr

34、oss each flow path for the reversingvalve for each test condition (P)1/2.5. DATA REQUIREDThe test data for each position of the valve under test shallinclude all of the following in Sections 5.1 and 5.2:5.1 General Test Informationa. Identification of specified conditions (end-use applicationoperati

35、ng conditions) used to establish test conditionsb. Descriptive information concerning the valve under test,including all of the following that apply: manufacturersname and address, model, type, serial number, size, con-nection type, and connection sizec. Name and/or chemical formula of test fluid an

36、d identifica-tion of the source of information used to determine itsthermophysical propertiesd. Ambient temperature (air temperature surrounding valveunder test)e. Orientation of the valve under test (whether high-pressureinlet connection is top, bottom, or horizontal)f. Barometric pressure5.2 Test

37、Conditions and Results (required for both flowpaths in each position)a. Valve position A or B (unless symmetrical)b. Test fluid mass flow ratec. Pressure drop(s) across the flow path(s) under testd. Absolute pressures of the test fluid entering both flowpaths of the valve under teste. Temperatures o

38、f the test fluid entering and leaving theflow paths of the valve under testSee Informative Annex A for a sample data sheet. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior wr

39、itten permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 153-2015 36. TEST INSTRUMENTSInstruments shall be of the types and accuracies listed in thefollowing subsections and shall be calibrated against certifiedstandards on a regularly scheduled (at least annually) anddocumented basis.6.1 Temperature Measuring Instrum

40、ents. Temperatureshall be measured with any device meeting the requirementsof ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.11. Accuracy of all tempera-ture measuring instruments shall be within 0.28C (0.5F)of the indicated value.6.2 Pressure Measuring Instruments. Pressure shall bemeasured with absolute pressure measuri

41、ng devices, or accu-rate barometric pressure measurement shall be made to facili-tate conversion of gage pressures to absolute values. Devicesmeeting the requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.32shall be used.Accuracy of pressure measuring instruments shall bewithin 0.5% of the instrument range. Th

42、e instrument rangeshall not be greater than twice the pressure measured.Instruments used for measuring pressure drops for thevalve under test shall be differential pressure measuring devices.6.3 Flow Measuring Instruments. Accuracy of flow measur-ing instruments shall be within 2.0% of the indicated

43、 value.7. TEST APPARATUS7.1 The four-way valve under test shall be installed in a testapparatus as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4. The reversingvalve shall be mounted in the manufacturers recommendedorientation. An example of a complete test system is shown inFigure C-1 in Informative Annex C.7.2 T

44、he test apparatus shall be composed of the followingessential elements:a. A suitable supply of single-phase fluid to the high-pres-sure flow path of the valve under testb. A suitable supply of single-phase fluid to the low-pressureflow path of the valve under testc. A flow-measuring instrument locat

45、ed such that the massflow rate through both the high- and the low-pressure flowpaths is measured7.3 Installation of test instrumentation shall conform to thefollowing requirements:a. The temperature measuring instruments shall be immersedin the fluid stream and located such that they will not havean

46、 impact on the pressure values measured. Refer to Fig-ures 1, 2, 3, and 4 for locations.b. The pressure-tap distance to the nearest upstream flowinterruption (for example, connecting tube, temperaturemeasurement device, or elbow) is defined in Figures 1, 2,3, and 4. No flow interruptions shall be lo

47、cated betweenthe pressure tap and the valve under test.c. Pressure-tap holes shall be located at appropriate pointson the circumference of the tube with respect to the adja-cent surroundings. Pressure-tap holes shall not be posi-tioned on the bottom of the tube to avoid blockage of thehole by foreig

48、n matter. The inner rim of the hole shall beflush with the inner surface of the tube and be free ofburrs, excessive chamfers, or jagged edges.d. Pressure-tap hole diameters shall not exceed 10% of flowpassage diameter.8. TEST PROCEDURE8.1 Install the valve to be tested in the test apparatus (see Fig

49、-ures 1, 2, 3, and 4) and check the installation for externalleakage, employing appropriate purging or evacuation proce-dures and ensuring that the system has adequate workingfluid charge to satisfy the preselected test conditions.8.2 Start the system and bring it to preselected operating con-ditions.8.3 Valve Position A. Test the valve in both position A and Bunless the valve is symmetrical.8.3.1 Take two (2) or more data points for each flow path invalve position A (see Section 4.6).For each data point, maintain steady-state operating con-ditions surroundin