AIR FORCE MIL-STD-3009-2001 LIGHTING AIRCRAFT NIGHT VISION IMAGING SYSTEM (NVIS) COMPATIBLE《飞机照明及夜视仪系统的兼容性》.pdf

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1、METRICMIL-STD-30092 February 2001SUPERSEDINGMIL-L-85762ADEPARTMENT OF DEFENSEINTERFACE STANDARDLIGHTING, AIRCRAFT,NIGHT VISION IMAGING SYSTEM(NVIS) COMPATIBLEAMSC: N/AAREA: GDRQDISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproducti

2、on or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-3009iiFOREWORD1. MIL-L-85762A was published in 1988 and served very well for eleven years as thestandard definition and interface criteria for NVIS compatibility. This new document(MIL-STD-3009) was derived from MIL-L-85762A as a way to

3、 preserve this widelyaccepted standard definition, and to comply with the Perry directive. In compliancewith the Perry directive, this document no longer contains the lighting system designrequirements that were in MIL-L-85762; it now deals only with interface andperformance requirements.2. It is as

4、sumed that any contract for lighting equipment includes a TechnicalRequirements Document (TRD) (or similar document) that specifies the operationalfeatures of the lighting equipment. Such a TRD should reference this standard asthe NVIS compatibility requirement when full compatibility between a spec

5、ific classof NVIS and an aircraft is intended. The system specification requirements of anaircraft lighting system must be derived from other documents, after tailoring, suchas JSSG-2010-5.3. This document maintains exactly the same technical criteria for Class A and Class BNVIS compatibility as was

6、 required by MIL-L-85762. It also adds discussion ofClass C NVIS (colloquially known as “leaky green”). Class C NVIS are generallycompatible with crewstation lighting that is class B compliant, so there are not yetany unique requirements for class C compatibility. This standard also adds exteriorlig

7、hting compatibility definitions and criteria.4. Besides the original APPENDIX A and APPENDIX B, this document adds a thirdappendix (APPENDIX C), which provides rationale to explain the requirements inthis standard and was derived from a technical report originally published by theNavy.5. Beneficial

8、comments (recommendations, additions, and deletions) and any pertinentdata which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed toASC/ENFC, 2530 Loop Road West, Wright-Patterson AFB OH 45433-7101.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from

9、IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-3009iiiCONTENTSParagraph PageLIGHTING, AIRCRAFT, NIGHT VISION IMAGING SYSTEM (NVIS) COMPATIBLE .11. SCOPE .11.1 Scope11.2 Purpose. .11.3 Classification.12. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS .22.1 General. 22.2 Government documents22.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks22.2.2 Other Governm

10、ent publications. .32.3 Order of precedence.33. DEFINITIONS. .43.1 Night Vision Imaging System (NVIS).43.2 NVIS lighting compatibility43.3 Lighting system. 53.4 Lighting subsystem53.5 Crewstation or compartment. 53.6 Interior lighting.53.7 CIE color coordinate system. 63.8 NVIS radiance. 63.9 Rated

11、drive condition.63.10 Light leaks. 63.11 Contrast vs contrast ratio. .63.12 Electronic and/or electro-optical displays. .63.13 IR mode.64. REQUIREMENTS. .74.1. Description.74.2 System integration. .84.2.1 Lighting provisions84.2.2 Compartment lighting. 84.2.3 Emergency exit lighting84.2.4 Crewstatio

12、n controls and control handles94.2.5 Caution and advisory signals.94.2.6 Jump lights. .94.2.7 Work and inspection lights. 94.2.8 Map and utility lights.94.3 Performance. 94.3.1 Daylight legibility and readability. .94.3.2 Night operations. 94.3.3 Luminance and illuminance. 94.3.4 Chromaticity. 104.3

13、.5 Spectral radiance limits. .164.3.5.1 Primary lighting radiance.16Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-3009CONTENTS Continued.Paragraph Pageiv4.3.6 Light leaks. .184.3.7 Luminance uniformity. 184.3.8 Crewstation reflections. 184.

14、4 Luminance balance.184.5 Exterior lighting subsystems. 184.5.1 Anticollision lighting. .184.5.2 Position lights. .184.5.3 Tanker boom marker and nozzle illumination194.5.4 Formation lights195. VERIFICATION .205.1 System level verification. 205.2 Inspection conditions. .205.3 Order of inspection. .2

15、05.4 Lighting conditions. 205.5 Test set up verification215.6 Test set up. .215.7 Inspection methods and procedures.215.7.1 Lighting system unaided eye inspection.215.7.2 Lighting system NVIS compatible examination215.7.3 Luminance uniformity. .225.7.4 Crewstation reflections. 225.7.5 Visual examina

16、tion. 225.7.6 Operation.225.7.7 Environmental operating tests. 235.7.8 Electromagnetic interference (EMI) tests.235.7.9 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests. 235.7.10 Luminance and illuminance measurements.235.7.11 Chromaticity measurements.245.7.12 Spectral radiance measurements.275.7.13 Light

17、 leak inspection.335.8 Exterior lighting verification. 335.8.1 Anticollision lighting verification335.8.2 Position lights verification. .335.8.3 Tanker boom marker and nozzle illumination verification335.8.4 Formation lights verification.346. NOTES .356.1 Intended use. 356.2 Issue of DODISS. .356.3

18、International standardization.356.4 Rationale.356.5 Subject term (keyword) listing.356.6 Metrication. .36Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-3009CONTENTS Continued.Paragraph PagevAPPENDIX A: SPECTRAL RADIANCE, LUMINANCE, AND ILLUM

19、INANCEMEASURING EQUIPMENT 37A.1 SCOPE . .37A.1.1 Scope. .37A.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS .37A.3 SPECTRORADIOMETER37A.3.1 Chromaticity and spectral radiance measurement. .37A.3.2 Spectroradiometer sensitivity. 37A.3.2.1 Spectroradiometer sensitivity calibration.38A.3.3 Wavelength accuracy and repeatabilit

20、y.38A.3.3.1 Wavelength accuracy and repeatability verification. .38A.3.4 Current resolution39A.3.5 Zero drift. .39A.3.6 Linearity.39A.3.6.1 Linearity verification. .39A.3.7 Signal conditioning. .40A.3.8 Stray light.40A.3.8.1 Stray light verification40A.3.9 Spectroradiometer optics.40A.3.10 Spectrora

21、diometer viewing system40A.3.10.1 Spectroradiometer viewing verification. 41A.3.11 Spectroradiometer accuracy41A.3.11.1 Spectroradiometer accuracy verification.41A.4 PHOTOMETER .41A.4.1 Luminance measurement equipment. .41A.4.2 Photometer calibration.42A.4.2.1 Photometer sensitivity.42A.4.2.2 Photom

22、eter accuracy42A.4.2.3 Photometer sensitivity and accuracy verification. .42A.4.3 Readout resolution. .42A.4.4 Photometer optics. 42A.4.5 Photometer viewing system.42A.4.5.1 Photometer viewing system verification. .43A.4.6 Photometer polarization error. .43A.4.6.1 Photometer polarization error verif

23、ication. 43A.4.7 Colorimetry. .43A.5 REFLECTANCE STANDARD 44A.5.1 Reflectance standard. .44A.5.1.1 Reflectance standard verification44A.6 NOTES .44A.6.1 Filter. 44Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-3009CONTENTS Continued.Paragrap

24、h PageviAPPENDIX B: SAMPLE CALCULATIONS.45B.1 SCOPE . .45B.1.1 Scope. .45B.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS .45B.3 NVIS RADIANCE CALCULATIONS.45B.4 CHROMATICITY CALCULATIONS .46APPENDIX C: RATIONALE BEHIND THE REQUIREMENTS CONTAINED INLIGHTING, AIRCRAFT, INTERIOR, NIGHT VISION IMAGINGSYSTEM (NVIS) COMPATIBLE5

25、2C.1. SCOPE .52C.1.1 Scope. .52C.2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS52C.3. RATIONALE FOR THIS DOCUMENT 52C.3.2 Summary.52C.3.3 Background. 53C.3.4 NVIS background. .53C.4. DISCUSSION .56C.4.1 Interactions.56C.4.2 Classification. 57C.5. REQUIREMENTS. .63C.5.1 NVIS sensitivity characteristics63C.5.2 Mockup63C.5.3

26、 Light sources.63C.5.4 Compartment lighting. .64C.5.5 Emergency exit lighting. 64C.5.6 Jump lights. .64C.5.7 Work, map, and inspection lights. .64C.5.8 Daylight legibility and readability. 64C.5.9 Daylight legibility and readability of illuminated visual signals. 65C.5.10 Daylight legibility and rea

27、dability of electronic and electro-optical displays65C.5.11 Minimum contrast requirements. .66C.5.12 Compensation multipliers66C.5.13 Minimum difference luminance67C.6. CHROMATICITY. .67C.6.1 Background of chromaticity requirements. .67C.6.2 Utility lights, work, inspection light, and compartment li

28、ght chromaticity. 70C.6.3 Caution, advisory, warning and master caution lights chromaticity. 70C.7. SPECTRAL RADIANCE LIMITS.71C.7.1 Background of spectral radiance limits71C.7.2 Monochromatic display radiance.76C.7.3 Multi-color display radiance.76C.7.4 Warning and master caution signal and emergen

29、cy exit lighting radiance77C.7.5 Jump light radiance. 78Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-3009CONTENTS Continued.Paragraph PageviiC.7.6 Head up display (HUD) system radiance. .78C.7.8 Light leaks. 79C.7.9 Luminance uniformity. .

30、79C.7.10 Maintenance trimming controls (MIL-L-85762 only); now called Luminancebalance. .79C.7.11 Verification (quality assurance provisions in MIL-L-85762). 79C.7.11.1 Lighting conditions. .80C.7.11.2 Lighting system NVIS compatibility examination. .80C.7.11.3 Chromaticity measurements. 80C.7.11.4

31、Spectral radiance measurements. .80C.7.11.5 Light leak inspection. 81C.7.11.6 Daylight legibility and readability inspection (no longer included in thestandard). .82C.7.12 Additional information82C.7.12.1 Rationale for spectroradiometer requirements84C.7.12.2 Rationale for photometer requirements. .

32、84C.8. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS84C.9. REFERENCES . .85TABLESTABLE I. General lighting for crew stations and compartments. *.8TABLE II. Chromaticity requirements. 13Table III. NVIS radiance requirements (metric units)14TABLE III.a. NVIS radiance requirements using English units. 15TABLE IV. Relative s

33、pectral response of Class A NVIS (GA().30TABLE V. Relative spectral response of Class B NVIS (GB().31FIGURESFIGURE 1. Relative spectral response characteristics of Classes A, B, and C NVIS. .7FIGURE 2. NVIS lighting color limits. .11FIGURE B-1. Spectral output of example signal at rated drive condit

34、ions(6.1108 cd/m2) (1.7839fL) - Continued.49FIGURE B-2. Spectral output of example signal at 0.343 cd/m2(0.I fL).50FIGURE B-2. Spectral output of example signal at 0.343 cd/m2(0.I fL) - Continued. 51FIGURE C-1. Diagram of an image intensifier. 54FIGURE C-2. Conceptual diagram of the spectral distrib

35、ution of NVIS-compatiblelighting. . .55FIGURE C-3. NVIS interfaces. .56FIGURE C-4. Spectral transmission requirements for a Class A NVIS objective lens. 60FIGURE C-5. Spectral transmission requirements for a Class B NVIS objective lens. 61Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking pe

36、rmitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-3009CONTENTS Continued.Paragraph PageviiiFIGURE C-6. Spectral transmission requirements for a Class C NVIS objective lens. 62FIGURE C-7. “Optimum” and “poor” theoretical spectral distributions. 73FIGURE C-8. . Normalized spectral sensitivity curve for a t

37、hird-generationimageintensifier tube. .82FIGURE C-9. Spectral distribution of starlight. .83FIGURE C-10. Spectral reflectivity of tree bark83Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-30091LIGHTING, AIRCRAFT, NIGHT VISIONIMAGING SYSTEM (

38、NVIS) COMPATIBLEThis document is approved for use by the Department of the Air Force and is availablefor use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense.1. SCOPE1.1 Scope.This standard establishes requirements for the emission characteristics of aircraftlighting and display equipmen

39、t that is intended for use with night vision imaging systems(NVIS). It is applicable to all systems, subsystems, component equipment, andhardware that provide the lighting environment on aircraft where NVIS are employed.This document is applicable to NVIS specific performance requirements but it doe

40、s notcontain general lighting requirements. The contracting activity should extract and tailorapplicable general lighting requirements from JSSG-2010-5 and include thoserequirements in the contract.1.2 Purpose.The purpose of this document is to provide interface requirements and testingmethodology t

41、o ensure compatible and standardized aircraft interior lighting for NVIScompatibility.1.3 Classification.Night vision imaging system (NVIS) compatible aircraft interior lighting is divided into thefollowing types and classes.Type I Lighting compatible with any direct view image NVIS (see 3.1.1) util

42、izing Generation III image intensifier tubes.Type II Lighting compatible with any projected image NVIS (see 3.1.2) utilizing Generation III image intensifier tubes.Class A Lighting compatible with NVIS utilizing 625 nm minus blue objective lens filters (see 3.1.3) with the specifications inFIGURE 1.

43、Class B Lighting compatible with NVIS utilizing 665 nm minus blue objective lens filters (see 3.1.4) with the specifications in FIGURE 1.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-30092Class C Lighting compatible with NVIS having a “gree

44、n leak“ as shownin FIGURE 1. This edition of this document assumes thatlighting meeting class B compatibility criteria is also compatiblewith Class C NVIS.2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS2.1 General.The documents listed in this section are specified in sections 4 and 5 of this document.This section does not

45、include documents cited in other sections of this document orrecommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has beenmade to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that theymust meet all specified requirements documents cited in sections 4 and 5

46、of thisdocument, whether or not they are listed.2.2 Government documents.2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks.The following specifications, standards, and handbooks form a part of this document tothe extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documentsare thos

47、e listed in the issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications andStandards (DoDISS) and supplement thereto, cited in the solicitation (see 6.2).HANDBOOKSDEPARTMENT OF DEFENSEJSSG-2010-3 Joint Service Specification Guide Crew Systems Cockpit/Crew Station/Cabin HandbookJSSG-2010-5 Joint S

48、ervice Specification Guide Crew Systems AircraftLighting HandbookJSSG documents can be obtained from ASC/ENOI, Bldg 560, 2530 Loop Road West,Wright-Patterson AFB OH 45433-7101MIL-HDBK-87213 Electronically/Optically Generated Airborne Displays(Unless otherwise indicated, copies of the above specifica

49、tions, standards, andhandbooks are available from the Standardization Documents Order Desk, 700Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.) (Copies of thosedocuments indicated with a distribution limitation may be obtained from ASC/ENOI,2530 Loop Rd West, Bldg. 560, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7101. Telephone(937) 255-6296; DSN 785-6296.)Provided by IHSNot for ResaleN