BS PD ISO TS 18090-1-2015 Radiological protection Characteristics of reference pulsed radiation Photon radiation《辐射防护 基准脉冲辐射特性 光子辐射》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards Publication PD ISO/TS 18090-1:2015 Radiological protection Characteristics of reference pulsed radiation Part 1: Photon radiationPD ISO/TS 18090-1:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 18090-1:2015. The UK participation in

2、its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee NCE/2, Radiation protection and measurement. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are resp

3、onsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 85828 4 ICS 13.280 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the St

4、andards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2015. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD ISO/TS 18090-1:2015 ISO 2015 Radiological protection Characteristics of reference pulsed radiation Part 1: Photon radiation Radioprotection Caractristiques des champs de rayonnement pulss

5、de rfrence Partie 1: Radiation de photons TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 18090-1 Reference number ISO/TS 18090-1:2015(E) First edition 2015-08-01PD ISO/TS 18090-1:2015ISO/TS 18090-1:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights rese

6、rved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either IS

7、O at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.orgPD ISO/TS 18090-1:2015ISO/TS 18090-1:2015(E)Foreword iv Introduction

8、 v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 2 4 Characteristics of reference pulsed radiation . 5 4.1 General . 5 4.2 Time-dependent air kerma rate characteristics of the radiation pulse . 5 4.2.1 Requirements . 5 4.2.2 Method of test . 6 4.2.3 Interpretation of the results 7

9、4.3 Time-dependent high voltage characteristics of the radiation pulse 7 4.3.1 Requirement 7 4.3.2 Method of test . 7 4.3.3 Interpretation of the results 7 4.4 Space dependent air kerma characteristics of the radiation pulse 7 4.4.1 Requirement on field uniformity across the beam area 7 4.4.2 Method

10、 of test . 7 4.4.3 Interpretation of the results 8 4.5 Filtration . 8 4.6 Equivalence of measured radiation pulse and trapezoidal pulse . . 8 4.6.1 Requirements . 8 4.6.2 Method of test . 8 4.6.3 Interpretation of the results 8 4.7 Constancy of air kerma rate during the pulse plateau time . 9 4.7.1

11、Requirement 9 4.7.2 Method of test . 9 4.7.3 Interpretation of results 9 5 Dosimetry of pulsed reference radiation .11 5.1 General requirements on the instrument .11 5.2 Air kerma rate dependence of the instrument response .11 5.2.1 General.11 5.2.2 Requirement .11 5.2.3 Method of test and interpret

12、ation of the results .11 5.3 Size of the sensitive volume of the instrument 12 5.4 Air kerma of the radiation pulse .12 5.5 Dose equivalent of the radiation pulse 12 5.6 Radiation pulse air kerma rate .12 5.7 Radiation pulse dose equivalent rate .12 Annex A (informative) Diode-det ect or and associa

13、t ed amplifier 13 Annex B (informative) Determination of the equivalent trapezoid radiation pulse .15 Bibliography .17 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iii Contents PagePD ISO/TS 18090-1:2015ISO/TS 18090-1:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federatio

14、n of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.

15、 International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and tho

16、se intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (

17、see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the do

18、cument will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms

19、and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear t

20、echnologies, and radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiological protection. ISO/TS 18090 consists of the following parts, under the general title Radiological protection Characteristics of reference pulsed radiation: Part 1: Photon radiationiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 18090-1:

21、2015ISO/TS 18090-1:2015(E) Introduction The specification and determination of the special characteristics required for radiation protection dosemeters to be used in pulsed fields of ionizing radiation have been excluded from all International Standards for personal and environmental dosemeters issu

22、ed so far. Due to the increased use of pulsed radiation in medicine and industry, such International Standards are currently under development. A prerequisite for such International Standards is the availability of the required reference fields for pulsed radiation. This Technical Specification prov

23、ides the necessary information for such reference fields. The concept is based on the existing standards for radiation qualities defined in ISO and IEC standards. It only adds the parameters of the pulsed field and gives some guidance for their determination. Therefore, no new radiation qualities ar

24、e defined, only the link between the parameters for pulsed radiation and the parameters for continuous radiation are given. The main required parameters for pulsed radiation fields are the following: radiation pulse duration, t pulse ; radiation pulse air kerma rate, K ; air kerma per radiation puls

25、e, K ; for repeated pulses, their repetition frequency, f pulse . The pulse parameters were determined by using an equivalent trapezoidal radiation pulse, which is equivalent with respect to air kerma and air kerma rate. Reference pulsed radiation is characterized by specified maximum deviations of

26、the given pulse from the equivalent trapezoidal radiation pulse and by requirements concerning the change of radiation quality during the given radiation pulse. The pulse parameters with respect to the phantom related quantities were determined using conversion coefficients according to ISO 4037 (al

27、l parts). This publication contains information for which worldwide experience is not available at the date of its development. Therefore, it was decided to publish it as a Technical Specification. It is expected that within the following years, experience will be gained and the maintenance of this

28、Technical Specification could lead to an International Standard. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vPD ISO/TS 18090-1:2015PD ISO/TS 18090-1:2015Radiological protection Characteristics of reference pulsed radiation Part 1: Photon radiation 1 Scope This part of ISO/TS 18090 is directly applicable to pulsed

29、 X-radiation with pulse duration of 0,1 ms up to 10 s. This covers the whole range used in medical diagnostics at the time of publication. Some specifications may also be applicable for much shorter pulses; one example is the air kerma of one pulse. Such a pulse may be produced, e.g. by X-ray flash

30、units or high-intensity femtosecond-lasers. Other specifications are not applicable for much shorter pulses; one example is the time-dependent behaviour of the air kerma rate. This may not be measurable for technical reasons as no suitable instrument is available, e.g. for pulses produced by a femto

31、second-laser. This part of ISO/TS 18090 specifies the characteristics of reference pulsed radiation for calibrating and testing radiation protection dosemeters and dose rate meters with respect to their response to pulsed radiation. The radiation characteristics includes the following: a) time-depen

32、dent behaviour of the air kerma rate of the pulse; b) time-dependent behaviour of the X-ray tube high voltage during the pulse; c) uniformity of the air kerma rate within a cross-sectional area of the radiation beam; d) air kerma of one radiation pulse; e) air kerma rate of the radiation pulse; f) r

33、epetition frequency. This part of ISO/TS 18090 does not define new radiation qualities. Instead, it uses those radiation qualities specified in existing ISO and IEC standards. This part of ISO/TS 18090 gives the link between the parameters for pulsed radiation and the parameters for continuous radia

34、tion specifying the radiation qualities. It does not specify specific values or series of values for the pulsed radiation field but specifies only those limits for the relevant pulsed radiation parameters that are required for calibrating dosemeters and dose rate meters and for determining their res

35、ponse depending on the said parameters. The pulse parameters with respect to the phantom-related quantities were determined using conversion coefficients according to ISO 4037 (all parts). This is possible as the radiation qualities specified in existing ISO and IEC standards are used. A given refer

36、ence pulsed X-ray facility is characterized by the parameter ranges over which the full specifications and requirements according to this part of ISO/TS 18090 are met. Therefore, not all reference pulsed X-ray facilities can produce pulses covering the same parameter ranges. 2 Normative references T

37、he following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. TECHNICA

38、L SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 18090-1:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1PD ISO/TS 18090-1:2015ISO/TS 18090-1:2015(E) ISO 4037-1:1996, X and gamma reference radiation for calibrating dosemeters and doserate meters and for determining their response as a function of photon energy Part 1: Radiation charac

39、teristics and production methods ISO 4037-2:1997, X and gamma reference radiation for calibrating dosemeters and doserate meters and for determining their response as a function of photon energy Part 2: Dosimetry for radiation protection over the energy ranges from 8 keV to 1,3 MeV and 4 MeV to 9 Me

40、V IEC 60050-395:2014, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Part 395: Nuclear instrumentation: Physical phenomena, basic concepts, instruments, systems, equipment and detectors IEC 61267:2005, Medical diagnostic X-ray equipment Radiation conditions for use in the determination of characteristics

41、 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-395:2014 and the following apply. 3.1 air kerma per radiation pulse K a, pulse air kerma value of one radiation pulse at a point in the photon radiation field 3.2 continuous radiationionizing

42、radiation with a constant dose rate at a given point in space for time intervals longer than 10 s 3.3 dose equivalent per radiation pulse H pulse dose equivalent value of one radiation pulse at a point in the photon radiation field 3.4 equivalent trapezoidal radiation pulse trapezoidal radiation pul

43、se that is considered to be equivalent to the given radiation pulse 3.5 f ie ld u n i f or m i t y F uni uniformity of the air kerma distribution determined across a defined area whereK a, pulse, max is the maximum air kerma value attributed to one radiation pulse occurring across the defined area;K

44、 a, pulse, min is the minimum air kerma value attributed to one radiation pulse occurring across the defined area. Note 1 to entry: The defined area can be the whole beam diameter or only parts of it, e.g. those covered by the dosemeter under test. Note 2 to entry: Full field uniformity is equivalen

45、t to F uni= 1. No field uniformity, that is a variation of K a, pulsebetween 0 and K a, pulse, max , is equivalent to F uni= 0.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 18090-1:2015ISO/TS 18090-1:2015(E) 3.6 pulse peak mean voltage U pulse, peak, mean mean value of the sequence of X-ray tube voltages,

46、 U i , measured during the radiation pulse peak time whereU i is the i-th measured value;n peak is the number of measurements of the X-ray tube voltage. 3.7 pulse repetition frequency f pulse number of pulses in a periodic pulse train divided by the duration of the train SOURCE: IEV 702-03-07, modif

47、ied Note 1 to entry: This version of this part of ISO/TS 18090 deals only with single pulses, but it might be extended in the future to repeated pulses, therefore, this definition is already given here. 3.8 pulse train discrete sequence of a finite number of pulses SOURCE: IEV 702-03-11, modified No

48、te 1 to entry: The sequence can be periodic or non-periodic. 3.9 pulsed radiationionizing radiation which never has a constant dose rate at a given point in space for time intervals longer than 10 s 3.10 radiation pulse base duration radiation pulse base width t pulse, base interval of time between

49、the first and last instants at which the instantaneous air kerma rate value of the equivalent trapezoidal pulse deviates from zero Note 1 to entry: The value zero of the equivalent trapezoidal pulse is equal to the baseline of the measured pulse. 3.11 radiation pulse duration radiation pulse width t pulse interval of time between the first and last instants at whic