BS PD IEC TR 62921-2016 Quantification methodology for greenhouse gas emissions for computers and monitors《计算机和监视器温室气体排放的量化方法》.pdf

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1、Quantification methodology for greenhouse gas emissions for computers and monitors PD IEC/TR 62921:2016 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of IEC/TR 62921:2016. It supersedes PD IEC/TR 6

2、2921:2015 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EPL/100, Audio, video and multimedia systems and equip- ment. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purpor

3、t to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 92418 7 ICS 13.020.20; 35.160 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from lega

4、l obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 Ocotber 2016. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Te x t a f f e c t e d PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD IEC/TR 62921:2016 IEC TR 62921 Edition 2.0 2016-10 TECHNICAL RE

5、PORT Quantification methodology for greenhouse gas emissions for computers and monitors INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 13.020.20; 35.160 ISBN 978-2-8322-3647-5 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication f

6、rom an authorized distributor. colour inside PD IEC/TR 62921:2016 2 IEC TR 62921:2016 IEC 2016 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 5 INTRODUCTION . 7 1 Scope 8 2 Terms and definitions 8 3 Symbols and abbreviations 11 4 Principles 12 4.1 Comparing streamlined CFP to comprehensive CFP 12 4.1.1 General . 12 4.1.2 Leve

7、l of streamlining 13 4.2 Viability of streamlined CFP 13 4.2.1 Streamlining in IEC TR 62725 13 4.2.2 Metrics for streamlining 14 4.2.3 Principles of CFP from IEC TR 62725 . 16 4.2.4 Uncertainty 16 5 Approaches to streamlined CFP . 18 5.1 General . 18 5.2 Streamlining of data collection . 18 5.2.1 Ge

8、neral . 18 5.2.2 Approaches to streamlining data collection . 18 5.3 Streamlining of data inputs 19 5.3.1 General . 19 5.3.2 Approaches to streamlining data inputs (processing) . 19 6 Comparative study on existing CFP methodologies . 19 6.1 Examples of current worldwide streamlined CFP methodologies

9、 . 19 6.1.1 General . 19 6.1.2 Product attribute to impact algorithm (PAIA) . 20 6.1.3 iNEMI eco-impact evaluator 20 6.1.4 Orange Telecom environmental methodology 20 6.1.5 Japan CFP method 20 6.1.6 China CFP method . 20 7 CFP product category rules 20 7.1 General . 20 7.2 Goal . 21 7.3 Covered prod

10、ucts 21 7.3.1 In scope . 21 7.3.2 Out of scope 21 7.4 Use of primary, primary aggregated and secondary data 22 7.4.1 General . 22 7.4.2 Allocation methods . 22 7.5 Relevant emission factors and databases 22 7.6 Functional unit 22 7.6.1 General . 22 7.6.2 Life cycle stages included 22 7.6.3 Life cycl

11、e stages excluded 22 7.7 Production 22 PD IEC/TR 62921:2016IEC TR 62921:2016 IEC 2016 3 7.7.1 General . 22 7.7.2 State-of-the-art calculation recommendations . 23 7.8 Chassis . 23 7.8.1 State-of-the-art calculation recommendations . 23 7.8.2 Additional considerations for input data 23 7.9 Populated

12、printed wiring board (PWB) (excluding integrated circuits) 24 7.9.1 State-of-the-art calculation recommendations . 24 7.9.2 Additional considerations for input data 24 7.10 Integrated circuits (ICs) . 25 7.10.1 State-of-the-art calculation recommendations . 25 7.10.2 Additional considerations for in

13、put data 25 7.11 Display . 26 7.11.1 State-of-the-art calculation recommendations . 26 7.11.2 Additional considerations for input data 26 7.12 Data storage device 26 7.12.1 State-of-the-art calculation recommendations . 26 7.12.2 Additional considerations for input data 27 7.13 Optical disk drive (O

14、DD) 27 7.13.1 State-of-the-art calculation recommendations . 27 7.13.2 Additional considerations for input data 27 7.14 Power supply unit (PSU, internal or external) . 27 7.14.1 State-of-the-art calculation recommendations . 27 7.14.2 Additional considerations for input data 28 7.15 Battery 28 7.15.

15、1 State-of-the-art calculation recommendations . 28 7.15.2 Additional considerations for input data 28 7.16 Final assembly 29 7.16.1 State-of-the-art calculation recommendations . 29 7.16.2 Additional considerations for input data 29 7.17 Final product packaging 29 7.17.1 State-of-the-art calculatio

16、n recommendations . 29 7.17.2 Additional considerations for input data 29 7.18 Distribution . 30 7.18.1 State-of-the-art calculation recommendations . 30 7.18.2 Additional considerations for input data 30 7.19 Use . 30 7.19.1 State-of-the-art calculation recommendations . 30 7.19.2 Additional consid

17、erations for input data 31 7.20 End of life (EoL) 31 7.20.1 State-of-the-art calculation recommendations . 31 7.20.2 Additional considerations for input data 31 8 Documentation 31 8.1 General . 31 8.2 CFP database . 32 9 Communication and verification . 32 Annex A (informative) Results of a comparat

18、ive study on existing relevant streamlined product carbon footprinting methodologies 33 Annex B (informative) Generic example of streamlined CFP process for ICT products . 46 B.1 Initial analysis . 46 PD IEC/TR 62921:2016 4 IEC TR 62921:2016 IEC 2016 B.2 Example calculation for a notebook computer 4

19、6 B.3 Data collection 47 Annex C (informative) Examples of relevant databases for the IT industry . 48 C.1 Ecoinvent 48 C.2 US Life Cycle Inventory . 48 C.3 GaBi . 48 C.4 ELCD (European Reference Life Cycle Data System) . 48 C.5 PAIA (Product Attribute to Impact Algorithm) Data . 48 Annex D (informa

20、tive) Recommended sources for product energy consumption . 49 Bibliography . 50 Figure 1 Depiction of how streamlined CFP fits into comprehensive CFP . 13 Table 1 Depiction of how streamlined CFP fits into comprehensive CFP 15 Table A.1 Comparison of “streamlined“ product carbon footprinting methodo

21、logies 34 PD IEC/TR 62921:2016IEC TR 62921:2016 IEC 2016 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ QUANTIFICATION METHODOLOGY FOR GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FOR COMPUTERS AND MONITORS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization co

22、mprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International St

23、andards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this pr

24、eparatory work. International, governmental and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two org

25、anizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the for

26、m of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpreta

27、tion by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or re

28、gional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried ou

29、t by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committee

30、s for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the

31、 Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held

32、responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally publ

33、ished as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC TR 62921, which is a Technical Report, has been prepared by technical area 13: Environment for AV and multimedia equipment, of IEC technical committee 100: Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment. This second edition c

34、ancels and replaces the first edition published in 2015. The text of this Technical Report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 100/2598/DTR 100/2717/RVC PD IEC/TR 62921:2016 6 IEC TR 62921:2016 IEC 2016 Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical

35、 report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website

36、under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover

37、 page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. PD IEC/TR 62921:2016IEC TR 62921:2016 IEC 2016 7 INTRODUCTION Many organizations are lookin

38、g to adopt product greenhouse gas emissions reporting mechanisms, including: computer and monitor manufacturers, as well as their suppliers and downstream users; governmental agencies including France, China, Japan, Korea and the European Commission; retailers and non-regulatory agencies. There have

39、 been several international and regional efforts to provide guidance for calculating product greenhouse gas emissions. Some of these efforts include IEC TR 62725, ITU-T L.1410, ETSI TS 103 199, and Greenhouse Gas Protocol ICT Sector Supplement. Unfortunately, some lack of specificity within these do

40、cuments allows for variability that can create a significant difference in product greenhouse gas emission results, depending on how a practitioner interprets the information. Throughout the process of developing IEC TR 62725, there was significant discussion regarding the need for further specifici

41、ty, transparency and pragmatism in methodology guidance for products covered under IEC TC 100, including computers and monitors. There is an urgent need to enable methodologies that offer accurate and defensible estimates of impact in a rapid and effective manner. This Technical Report aims to fill

42、in some of those gaps. This Technical Report builds upon the structure laid out by IEC TR 62725. Its goal is to support universal streamlined product greenhouse gas methodologies for practitioners, with a further goal of harmonizing the various regional efforts currently in progress. This Technical

43、Reports quantification methodology aims to be compliant with, and therefore be used within, a number of these broader standards efforts. It will provide detailed guidance for estimating greenhouse gas emissions for computers and monitors, in order to obtain consistent, accurate results. The benefit

44、of consistent results is that they can assist multiple efforts, including but not limited to: supporting customer enquiries; instituting sustainable design practices; initiating conversations around emissions reduction strategies with suppliers and downstream users; targeting data collection within

45、the supply chain in order to address data quality issues. PD IEC/TR 62921:2016 8 IEC TR 62921:2016 IEC 2016 QUANTIFICATION METHODOLOGY FOR GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FOR COMPUTERS AND MONITORS 1 Scope This Technical Report outlines detailed guidance to streamline the quantification of greenhouse gas e

46、missions for computers and monitors. Other audio, video and multimedia products, such as e-readers, phones, and storage equipment, can be included in future revisions of this Technical Report. For this Technical Report, computers and monitors include notebooks, desktops, integrated desktop computers

47、, tablets, thin clients, workstations and monitors. This Technical Report provides specific guidance for the use of streamlining techniques that minimize cost and resources needed to complete greenhouse gas emissions quantifications. In addition, the product category rules (PCR) section of this Tech

48、nical Report recommends “state-of-the-art” process and data assumptions in order to reduce uncertainty. Lastly, this Technical Report provides an example of how a calculation could be performed. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1

49、 carbon footprint of a product CFP sum of greenhouse gas emissions and removals in a product system, expressed as CO 2equivalents and based on a life cycle assessment using the single impact category of climate change Note 1 to entry: The CO 2equivalent of a specific amount of a greenhouse gas is calculated as the mass of a given greenhouse gas multiplied by its global warming potential. Note 2 to entry: Results of the quantification of the CFP are documented in the CFP study report expressed in mass o