2018年湖南省三湘名校教育联盟高三第三次联考试题英语及答案解析.docx

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1、2018 年 湖 南 省 三 湘 名 校 教 育 联 盟 高 三 第 三 次 联 考 试 题 英 语第 一 部 分 听 力 （ 略 ）第 二 部 分 阅 读 （ 共 两 节 ， 满 分 40 分 ）第 一 节 阅 读 埋 解 （ 共 15 小 题 ； 每 小 题 2 分 ， 满 分 30 分 ）阅 读 下 列 短 文 ， 从 每 题 所 给 的 A、 B、 C 和 D 四 个 选 项 中 ， 选 出 最 佳 选 项 。AThe best tool needed for survival in the event you get lost when you travel is your skil

2、l ofadvanced planning. You must expect the unexpected and plan accordingly. Even if you are goingout for just a few hours, pack enough essentials that you can stay hydrated（ 体 内 水 分 ） , fueled andprepared for any type of weather.Your essentials should include at least:More than enough food and water

3、 for the activity you plan. A compass that you know how to use. You may want a GPS device, but those sometimes donot receive a signal or the battery fails. Cell phones also likely will not work because of a lack ofsignal.Appropriate maps. Study the terrain（ 地 形 ） and your planned route. Know where y

4、ou aregoing and how you will return.Comfortable hiking boots, clothes that you can wear depending on the weather conditionsand additional socks in case the ones you arc wearing get wet.A blanket, flashlight, matches kept in a water-resistant container, and other items that willhelp you survive overn

5、ight if necessary.Cheek with the local forest office for special warnings, such as fires in the area, bearsightings, flooding, trail or road closures, etc.Its also important that once you have planned your outing, tell someone. Give them exactdetails of where you are going, the trail you plan to fol

6、low, when you will return, the vehicle you are driving (and where you plan to park) and how many people will go with youdo not go alone.If you do become lost, your most important tool is keeping a positive mental attitude.1. What docs Paragraph 1 mainly tell us?A. Getting lost outdoors is common in

7、life.B. Surviving in the wild is really a tough thing.C. Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.D.Advanced planning can prevent future troubles.解 析 ： 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 第 一 句 The best tool needed for survival in the event you get lostwhen you travel is your skill of advanced planning.可 知 ，

8、先 进 的 计 划 可 以 防 止 未 来 的 麻 烦 。 故选 D。答 案 ： D2. What probably is continued with the text? A. The means as to traveling around.B. The story of the author having a tour.C. The ups on how to be positive when in trouble.D. The details of how to reach for rescue.解 析 ： 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 文 章 最 后 一 句 If you do b

9、ecome lost, your most important tool is keeping a positive mental attitude.可 知 ， 接 下 来 文 章 应 该 继 续 讲 的 是 关 于 在 遇 到 麻 烦 时 如 何 积极 向 上 的 问 题 。 由 此 可 知 答 案 为 C。答 案 ： C3. Where docs the text probably originate from?A.Asports magazine.B.Atourist guide.C.Agrocery list.D.Ascience instruction.解 析 ： 推 理 判 断 题

10、 。 根 据 第 一 段 第 一 句 The best tool needed for survival in the event you get lostwhen you travel is your skill of advanced planning.和 倒 数 第 二 段 第 一 句 Its also important thatonce you have planned your outing, tell someone.由 此 推 知 这 篇 文 章 最 有 可 能 来 自 旅 游 向 导 。 故选 B。 答 案 ： B BInAmerica, each of the states

11、 likes to promote itself with a slogan （ 口 号 ） I currently live inUtah, where the slogan is Life Elevated”. Its a nod to outdoor entertainment in the hill country,including the ski industry. I previously lived in Colorado, a land with red dm. great mountains andgolden plains. The slogan there is “Co

12、lorful Colorado”. Years ago I lived in the “Peach State”. ofGeorgia, and I grew up in New Mexico as a little boy, whose slogan is “Land of Enchantment（ 魔力 ） ”.We never seemed to get away from dust in New Mexico, so I appreciate the story of anewcomer to the Land of Enchantment who learned about dust

13、y wind. She was visiting an antiqueshop and the owner wiped down every item before showing it. The newcomer said,“ Everythinggets dusty here pretty quickly, doesnt it?”“Thats not dust, honey, ”the shop owner replied, “Thats ENCIIANTMENT”. That made the problem more acceptable or at least can be live

14、 with.An escalator（ 自 动 扶 梯 ） broke, so he posted a sign to warn customers. He chose not to use thetraditional “Out of Order” or “Do Not Use” warnings. Instead, his sign read, “This Escalator IsTemporarily a Stairway”. He turned a minus into humor and made it a plus.And in fact there arc sonic thing

15、s, like the weather, we cant change. All we can change is ourways that we think and feel about them. I believe one of the best techniques to do this is to findsome humor in the situation. Finding something amusing or enjoyable of difficulty, a troublesomeproblem can be one of the most creative and e

16、ffective things we can do. Sometimes the only senseyou can make of a situation is a sense of humor.4. How many places has the author lived in from the first paragraph?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4. D. 5.解 析 ： 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 中 I currently live in Utah, I previously lived in Colorado, Yearsago I lived in the“

17、 Peach State” of Georgia, and I grew up in New Mexico 从 第 一 段 可 知 作 者 住过 四 个 地 方 。 故 选 C。答 案 ： C 5. How would the newcomer probably feel after hearing what the shop owner said?A.Angry.B. Relaxed.C. Curious.D. Nervous.解 析 ： 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 中 That made the problem more acceptable or at least can

18、 be livewith.可 知 ， 在 听 到 店 主 说 的 话 之 后 ， 新 来 的 人 可 能 会 感 到 放 松 。 由 此 可 知 答 案 为 B。答 案 ： B6. Whats the purpose of writing the text?A. To encourage people to find the funny side in their daily life.B. To show the effects of using slogans to raise the position.C. To explain the skills of turning a disad

19、vantage into humor. D. To tell the strange experience of a bargain in an antique shop.解 析 ： 推 理 判 断 题 。 Finding something amusing or enjoyable of difficulty, a troublesome problemcan be one of the most creative and effective things we can do. Sometimes the only sense you canmake of a situation is a

20、sense of humor.可 知 ， 这 篇 文 章 是 为 了 鼓 励 人 们 在 日 常 生 活 中 找 到 有 趣的 一 面 。 故 选 A。答 案 ： A7. What does the underlined word “it” in the Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Dust on items.B. The antique shop.C.An item for sale.D. The Land of Enchantment.解 析 ： 词 义 指 代 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 第 二 句 She was visiting an antique shop a

21、nd the owner wiped down every item before showing it. 她 去 了 一 家 古 玩 店 ， 店 主 在 展 示 it 之 前 把 每 件 东 西 都 擦 了一 遍 。 由 此 推 知 ， it 指 的 是 “ 出 售 的 一 个 东 西 ” ， 故 选 C。答 案 ： C CThe Island Rule is one of the best explanations scientists could give to the observablephenomenon that animals and humans have evolved（

22、演 变 ） depending on the resources availablein their habitat（ 栖 息 地 ） . Through time, scientists have noticed through fossil（ 化 石 ） records thatsome large animals from mainland habitats have dwarf（ 矮 小 的 ） versions in bland habitats.A report from BBC described the existence of what scientists call “ho

23、bbit island” off a smallisland somewhere in Indonesia. It was given such a name because fossil records of tiny, humanlikecreatures have been found in the region. What they called as “hobbits” or “Homo Floresiensis”,are only as tall as one meter and arc small versions of early human species with tini

24、er brains. Though scientists cannot perfectly trace the origin of the “Homo Floriensis”, they believe thatthey arc human relatives, but it is the “island life” that has caused them to evolve as they have.Scientists have noticed through fossil records and existing organisms（ 有 机 体 ） today that it see

25、msif large animals grow small in islands while small animals grow large in larger islands. In theory, animal and human bodies have adjusted to the available food and fresh water intheir habitats. Since there is no opportunity for them to leave their island, they might as well adapt.New York Magazine

26、 explained that islands usually have fewer predators（ 捕 食 者 ） thanmainland ecosystems. However, it is the lack of resources that cause the death of many animals.As a means of natural adaptation, the bodies of these animals have evolved smaller than theirancestors, making their bodies require fewer r

27、esources.A report from Web Ecoist listed down a few examples of animals that have shrunksignificantly compared with their ancestors. Some of these include the Bali tiger as small asleopards（ 豹 ） .8. How did the name “hobbit island” come from?A. Scientists discovered dwarf people living on the island

28、.B. One meter tall human being made a living on these islands.C. Scientists found human species with tinier brains on an island. D. Evidences showing tiny, human-like creatures on the island were found.解 析 ： 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 第 二 句 It was given such a name because fossil records of tiny,humanlik

29、e creatures have been found in the region.可 知 ， “ hobbit island” 的 名 字 由 来 是 因 为 有证 据 显 示 岛 上 有 微 小 的 类 似 人 类 的 生 物 。 故 选 D。答 案 ： D9. What do you know about “Homo Floricnsis”?A. They used to only live somewhere in Indonesia.B. They were the earliest ancestor of human beings.C. They look small compar

30、ed with normal humans.D. They gradually grew larger on the larger islands.解 析 ： 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 最 后 一 句 What they called as“ hobbits” or“ Homo Floresiensis” ,are only as tall as one meter and arc small versions of early human species with tinier brains.可 知 ， 与 正 常 的 人 类 相 比 ， 它 们 看 起 来 很 小 。 故

31、 选 C。答 案 ： C10.According to New York Magazine, _.A. animals on island lack enough food to live onB. many animals died off for no apparent reasonC. too many predators will do damage to the ecosystemD. predators make island animals turn smaller解 析 ： 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 倒 数 第 二 段 第 二 句 However, it is the l

32、ack of resources that cause thedeath of many animals.可 知 ， 岛 上 的 动 物 缺 乏 足 够 的 食 物 。 故 选 A。答 案 ： A11. What can be inferred from the text? A. More predators can help animals grow stronger and larger.B. Bali tiger turns small because of adaptation to the environment.C. More food resources should be pr

33、ovided lo islands.D.Animals on mainland arc fiercer than those on islands.解 析 ： 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 倒 数 第 二 段 最 后 一 句 As a means of natural adaptation, the bodies of these animals have evolved smaller than their ancestors, making their bodies require fewerresources.和 最 后 一 段 A report from Web Ecoist lis

34、ted down a few examples of animals that haveshrunk significantly compared with their ancestors. Some of these include the Bali tiger as smallas leopards（ 豹 ） .可 知 ， 巴 厘 岛 老 虎 因 适 应 环 境 而 变 小 。 故 选 B。答 案 ： B DWhen asked how technology might improve the lives of people with vision impairments （ 视力 障 碍

35、 ） Joann Becker presented a misleadingly simple challenge.“ Well,” the vision impairmentstech specialist recalls saying.”Id like to be able to find my bus slop through Be My Eyes”.Be My Eyes, which went live in 2015, establishes a direct video connection between visuallyimpaired users and sighted vo

36、lunteers. The assumption is simple: Many people who are blinddont need any actual assistance in completing their daily tasks, but merely need a little help. A sighted volunteer might be asked to help identify which of two cans contains tomatoes. Inthis case, the visually impaired user can cook a mea

37、l just fine on his/her own-all he/she needs is aquick confirmation that he/she has the correct can. The model appears to be working; more than540,000 volunteers and nearly 40,000 people with low vision are registered on the app.“ An elderly woman can now help a visually impaired technician set up hi

38、s computer,” saysfounder Hans Wiberg, who has very low vision. “She doesnt need to know a thing aboutcomputers. She only needs to read what is presented on the screen. Then he can do the rest.”Early assistive technology centered on dedicated devices（ 专 用 设 备 ） , because of the nichemarket （ 缝 隙 市 场

39、） , which sold for hundreds or even thousands of dollars. But the smartphone,multipurpose and near-universal, has completely changed the economy of scale.“There are larger market forces driving high-powered computation, high-quality engineeringand high-quality battery management in the smartphone ma

40、rket than those in a specialty product,”saysAaron Steinfeld, a research professor at the Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. “The reality is, most sighted people dont know somebody who is blind.” Becker says. “Theythink the solutions that a blind person needs arc far more expansive, it

41、 turns out, they need to be. Ithink these apps are enabling sighted people to see that blind people just need some simple cluesto help them do any number of things in their lives.”12. What is the first paragraph used for in the text?A. Showing the main idea.B. Introducing the topic.C. Giving one exa

42、mple.D. Making a conclusion.解 析 ： 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 第 一 句 Be My Eyes, which went live in 2015, establishes a directvideo connection between visually impaired users and sighted volunteers. 这 是 本 文 话 题 ， 由 此 可知 第 一 段 “ Id like to be able to find my bus slop through Be My Eyes” .是 为 了 介 绍 文 章 话 题 。

43、故 答 案 为 B。 答 案 ： B13. How does the app Be My Eyes work?A. By creating a video link between the dibbled and .sighted one.B. By recognizing which of two cans have tomatoes and cooking. C. By establishing a high-quality engineering and computation.D. By flashing the everyday tasks of the technician and

44、 volunteers.解 析 ： 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 第 一 句 Be My Eyes, which went live in 2015, establishes a directvideo connection between visually impaired users and sighted volunteers.可 知 ， the app Be MyEyes 通 过 在 被 发 现 和 有 视 力 的 人 之 间 建 立 一 个 视 频 链 接 来 工 作 。 故 选 A。答 案 ： A14. From the text we can know _.A. o

45、nly people with low vision arc registered to use the appB. slight assistance can help the blind free from some troublesC. volunteers should be very familiar with high-tech computersD. Joann Becker thinks it hard to find a bus stop using Be My Eyes解 析 ： 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 最 后 一 段 最 后 一 句 I think these a

46、pps are enabling sighted people to see that blind people just need some simple clues to help them do any number of things in their lives.可 知 ， 轻 微 的 帮 助 可 以 帮 助 盲 人 摆 脱 一 些 麻 烦 。 故 选 B。答 案 ： B15. What do the 5th and 6th paragraphs mainly mean?A. Smartphone market has great economic potential.B. The

47、smartphone becomes a special app.C. Fine devices have changed the economy.D. Cost matters when it comes to as5istivc technology.解 析 ： 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 五 段 最 后 一 句 But the smartphone, multipurpose and near-universal,has completely changed the economy of scale.可 知 ， 智 能 手 机 市 场 具 有 巨 大 的 经 济 潜 力 。 可

48、知答 案 为 A。答 案 ： A 第 二 节 （ 共 5 小 题 ， 每 小 题 2 分 ， 满 分 10 分 ）根 据 短 文 内 容 ， 从 短 文 后 的 选 项 中 选 出 能 填 入 空 白 处 的 最 佳 选 项 。 选 项 中 有 两 项 为 多 余 选 项 。Amemorable science projectIf someone tells you to remember a phone number or address, it feels like an easy task at first.You repeat the numbers to yourself, eith

49、er aloud or in your mind. But after just a few seconds youmight find yourself starting to doubt your own memory. 16 Thus, it will try to throw awayinformation that seems old or irrelevant. There are ways of helping our minds retain (记 住 )information, however, and in this activity you will explore ways that we lose and keep memories.Short-term, or working memory, is a way of describing most peoples abilities to store asmall amount of information for a brief period of time in a readily accessible form. 17People dont have to stop and think to remember something in short term m