2018年江苏省南通市、泰州市高三上学期第一次调研试题英语及答案解析.docx

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1、2018年江苏省南通市、泰州市高三上学期第一次调研试题英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）（略）第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1. Heavy debts have left the firm faced with an economic_in the financial crisis.A. switchB. scratchC. squeezeD. status解析：考查熟词僻义。A转换，B抓，C挤压/经济拮据，D地位。根据句意：巨大的债务使公司面临经济拮据

2、问题。squeeze僻义为“经济拮据”故选C。 答案：C2. Feng Chu, reported _ the National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology in2017，is a post-90s PHD candidate.A. winningB. to have wonC. to winD. having won解析：考查时态。be reported to do/have done排除AD。后面“is a ”提示前面应该是已经得奖。故选B。答案：B3. I havent met Mr. Smith these days. Oh

3、, I forgot to tell you. He_from his post in our college.A. resignedB. has resignedC. had resignedD. would resign解析：考查时态。根据句意：“我这些天都没见到Mr. Smith。我忘记告诉你他已经辞职了”。他辞职这件事对现在造成了影响，又无过去时间点，用he has resigned，故选B。答案：B4. The concepts in philosophy Jack readhave somewhat affected how he _ his dailylife. A. shrin

4、ks fromB. pulls through C. compensates forD. goes about解析：考查动词短语辨析。A逃避，B渡过难关，C补偿，D从事/开始。根据句意：Jack读的哲学思想有点影响着他从事展开日常生活的方式。故选D。答案：D 5. The doctor is in a dilemma_he should tell the patient the truth.A. thatB. whetherC. whereD. how解析：考查从句。“he should tell patient the truth”完整，不是定语从句。根据句意：医生面临着是否要告诉病人实情的

5、困难境地。用whether。故选C。答案：B6.Aseries of policies has been adopted so far _ benefits the poverty-stricken peoplewill enjoy.A. whichB. that C.whoseD. as解析：考查定语从句。嵌套了两句定语从句。首先后面“the poverty stricken people willenjoy”不完整，缺少宾语，宾语应当为该项政策带来的好处，benefits和policies之间为从属关系，用whose。故选C。答案：C7.In his New Year Speech, Pr

6、esident Xi _that happiness is achieved through hard work.A. underlinedB. undidC. undertookD. updated解析：考查动词辨析。A强调，B松开/取消，C从事，D更新。根据句意：习近平总 书记在他的新年致辞中强调了幸福是通过努力得来的。故选A。答案：A8. The autocompany succeeded in developing a new type of new energy vehicle,_countless failures.A. experiencingB. to experienceC.

7、 to haveexperiencedD. having experienced解析：考查非谓语。根据句意：在经历了无数次失败过后，这个汽车公司成功研发了一款新能源汽车。experience countless failures发生在develop前，用having done的形式。故选D。答案：D 9.Any offender shall be brought back and brought to justice_he/ she may flee abroad.A. in caseB. even if C. now thatD. if only解析：考查介词短语辨析。A以防万一，B即使，C

8、既然，D要是。根据句意：任何违法者都必须被抓回国内并且对其进行法律制裁，即使他/她可能潜逃到国外了。故选B。答案：B10. These figures should be _, for even a minorerror can cost us millions of dollars.A. preciseB. flexibleC. optionalD. approximate解析：考查形容词辨析。A精确的，B灵活的，C可选择的，D大约的。根据句意：这些数据一定要精准，因为一点点小错都有可能造成百万美元的损失。故选A。 答案：A11. Why are you upset, Maria?My fa

9、ther didnt even buy me a Christmaspresent!What a _!A. JudasB. SamaritanC. JonahD. Scrooge解析：考查谚语俗语。A.（伪装亲善的）叛徒/出卖朋友的人，B.心地善良乐于助人的人，C.带来不幸(或厄运)的人，D.守财奴/吝啬鬼/贪得无厌的人。根据句意：我爸甚至不给我买圣诞节礼物，他真是个小气鬼！故选D。答案：D 12. I suspect _ Emily was lying when she described the incident, for I know her well.A. whetherB. that

10、C. whatD. how解析：考查固定用法。suspect为“怀疑，猜疑”，一般用法为I suspect that。根据句意：我怀疑Emily在描述这个事件时说谎。故选that。答案：B13. I thought tomorrow was the deadline for my confirmation. Never mind! Call me later and tell me what you _ then.A. would thinkB. had thought C. thinkD. thought解析：考查时态。根据句意：晚点给我打电话并告诉我，你到时候是怎么想的。then暗示是到时

11、候的想法，think用一般时态，故选C。答案：C 14. It was only when he broke down and was sent to hospital for treatment _ fullyaware of the value of health.A. did he becomeB. that he becameC. had he becomeD. that he had become解析：考查强调句和时态。强调句中的only when不倒装，根据句意：当他被送到医院的时候他才意识到健康的重要性。被送到医院在前，意识在后，故选B。答案：B15. John was crit

12、icized again by the boss this morning._. Hes always causing trouble.A. No wonder B. No wayC. No problemD. No doubt解析：考查交际用语。A难怪/不足为奇，B没门，C没问题，D毫无疑问。根据句意：“John今早被老板批评了。这不足为奇。他一直惹麻烦。”故选A。答案：A第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。I was 18 years old, fit, strong and ambitious.

13、 One day, I fell down for no 16 reason.I saw many different specialists and was finally diagnosed with limb girdle muscular dystrophy(MD).It was a very difficult time. I had no idea what life was going to 17 at me and I was scared.By my late 30s it was 18 and I had transitioned (转变) from a walking s

14、tickto a wheelchair. I wanted to be master of my own 19 , so I had to recognise my 20and play to my weaknesses. What I wanted to make 21 was a trip to the north pole.People with MD feel the cold. So why did I want to go to one of the most extreme, cold and22 places on Earth? Id read about Chris Cope

15、, who wanted to go to the north pole to raisemoney for MD, and it had 23 my adventurous spirit: I wanted to raise awareness aboutthe 24 , but I also wanted to find out what I was capable of. Im very 25 .In the two years it had taken to organise theexpedition, my muscles had worsened but we26 regardl

16、ess. The unpleasant lifecoachingand cold traininghelped me to 27 howmy body would behave in extreme cold, which made meaware of what to 28 .I had an amazing team around me, 29 the four different flights we took to get tothe inner Arctic ice shelf were neverthelessdiscouraging. While we were on the i

17、ce the runway30 and we had to wait for it to refreeze. 31 we reached the north pole, I was bitterly cold, exhausted and a complete 32 . I was on the ice for the best part of threelong days, then 33 the final 350m. The expedition raised 50,000 for 34 .MD is slowly destroying my life but I have chosen

18、 to fill it with 35 and I live lifeto the full. 16.A. adequateB. apparentC. soundD. major17.A. yellB. targetC. throwD. direct18.A. advancedB. initial C. modestD. minor19.A. diseaseB. fateC. fortuneD. business20.A. strengthsB. privilegesC. achievementsD. commitments21. A. differB. workC. countD. happ

19、en22.A. autonomousB. mysteriousC. inaccessibleD. fantastic23.A. referred toB. applied toC. belonged to D. appealed to24.A. significanceB. conservationC. condition D. ambition25.A. trustworthyB. delicateC. ridiculousD. competitive26.A. pulled outB. pressed onC. took offD. hung about27.A. assess B. il

20、lustrateC. stressD. clarify28.A. valueB. expectC. requireD. forgive29.A. butB. thoughC. soD. as 30.A. floatedB.splitC. disappearedD. twisted31.A. BecauseB. UnlessC. BeforeD. Once32.A.messB. failure C. prideD. envy33.A. ranB. climbed C. walkedD. rolled34.A. treatmentB. ecologyC. trainingD. charity35.

21、A.experiencesB. imaginationsC. recreationsD. responsibilities解析：16.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项充分的，B选项显而易见的，C指声音的，D选 项主要的。句意指一天我没什么明显原因就摔了一跤（莫名其妙摔了一跤）。故选B。17.文章意思指这是个艰难的时刻，我不知道生活会向我砸来什么。Throw at sb.固定搭配，故选C。18.后文说“我从拐杖转变到轮椅”，可见先进了，advanced符合题意。故选A。19. be master of my own fate主宰我自己的命运，选B。20.与后半句的weakness相呼应，我得发掘我的优

22、点/长处，选A。21.根据句意判断，make differ指使不同，make work指使奏效，make count指使重要，均不符合文意，“我想做的就是去北极圈旅行。”故选D。22.考查形容词词义辨析。Autonomous指自治的，mysterious指神秘的，fantastic指极好的，inaccessible指难到达的。前文出现“extreme / cold”，可见北极圈的恶劣，故选择C。23.固定搭配，appeal to ones spirit，呼唤我大胆创新的精神。Refer to指的是，apply to适用，belong to属于首先排除。选D。24.该段落开头People wit

23、h MD feel the cold，得了MD的人能感觉得到寒冷。I wanted to raise awareness about the 24 ,这句话的意思使我想提高我对境况的感知能力，结合上下文，选C。25.前文讲述了许多“我”想做的事，积极向上，想知道自己的能力如何，可见是一个competitive的人，有竞争力。其余选项trustworthy指可靠的，delicate指脆弱的，ridiculous指荒唐的，均不符合文意。故选D。26.考查动词短语的辨析。Pull out指离站，take off指脱下/起飞，hang about指拖延。Presson指坚定地继续，文中转折，“虽然我的

24、肌肉萎缩了但我不顾一切的继续。”选B。27.排除法，illustrate指举例说明，stress强调/着重，clarify澄清，句意“寒冷训练帮助我感知（评估）如何在极度寒冷里生存。”显然选A。28.根据上下文，寒冷训练使我知道我会去预期一些东西，其余选项不符合文意。29.句意：我有一个强大的团队，注意后半句中were nevertheless discouraging指仍然令人退缩，前后应为转折关系，故选but。30. refreeze指重新结冰，故可知冰应该是分裂了，选split。 31.考查连词的使用。当我们到达的时候，我非常冷，劳累，脏乱。故选D。32. be a mess固定搭配，指

25、不整洁，邋遢，精神状态不好。故选A。33.由于已经十分劳累了，且滞留了3天，只能是walk的状态。故选C。34. raise money for charity，与段三相呼应，选D。 35.句意：MD慢慢得破坏了我的生活，但我选择让我的生活多多体验/有丰富的经历，并充分享受生活。B是想象，C是娱乐，D是责任，不符合文意。故选A。答案：16-20 BCABA 21-25 DCDCD 26-30 BABAB 31-35 DACDA第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHow to Speak Brit

26、$19.98Be the first to review this product!How to Speak Brit: The Quintessential(典型) Guide to the Kings English, Cockney Slang,and Other Flummoxing British Phrases is the quintessential A to Z guide to BritishEnglishperfect for every bookworm looking to conquer the language barrier.Oscar Wilde once s

27、aid the Brits have “everything in common with America nowadays except,of course, language”.Any visitor to Old Blighty can sympathize with Mr. Wilde. After all, even fluent Englishspeakers can be at sixes and sevens when told to pick up the “dog and bone” or “head to the loo”,so they can “spend a pen

28、ny”. Wherever did these unique expressions come from?Part language guide, part cultural study, How to Speak Brit is the perfect addition to everyAnglophiles(亲英派的) library and an entertaining introduction that will charm thelinguistic-minded people. SKU: 20642IN STOCKQty: 1 Add to Cart Add to Wishlis

29、tAdd to Compare View Comparison ListShare with a Friend Facebook Twitter Wechat QQ36. How to Speak Brit is intended to help readers _.A. to expose themselves to British culturesB. to gain a better command of British EnglishC. to combine language learning with entertainmentD. to differentiate America

30、n English from British English解析：细节题。A项不准确，本书是language guide和cultural study相结合；B项正确，文中“perfect for every bookworm to conquer the language barrier”可知，能让人更好地掌握英式英语；C项错误，将语言学习与娱乐结合起来并不准确，没有娱乐；D项区分英式英语与美式英语，并不是这本书的主题。 答案：B37. Where is the passage probably taken from? A.Abooklet.B.Aweb page.C.Abrochure.D

31、.Alibrary guide.解析：选材题。从倒数第二行“Add to Cart”(加入购物车)；“Add to Wishlist”（加入心愿单）还有“Facebook”，“QQ”链接，可知，这是一个网站。答案：B BTo understand one of the secrets of creativity, just peek(窥视) into an art classroom in Denver,Colorado. The teacher asks her pupils to imitate the style of Vassily Kandinsky. The students co

32、pyKandinskys art style, mastering brushwork and learning colour theory.If that was all there were to the lesson, it would be a hands-on class in art history. But the art teacher asks the students to cut up their paintings and build 3D sculptures out of the pieces. Theyhave all started with the same

33、source, but their works all end up looking extremely different: somerise straight up in a column, while others are a jigsaw(相互交错) of different forms and angles.The students learn to treat the past not as a landing point, but as a launching pad.Creativity doesnt come out of the blue. No idea is ever

34、wholly original; there is always a linkfrom the known to the new. We rely on culture to provide us with a storehouse of raw materialswhich we then transform. Each generation adds another layer to the cliffside of history.One of the keys to developing inventiveness is not to treat the past as sacred.

35、 Beethovendidnt write symphonies because he thought there was anything wrong with Mozarts. Picassodidnt paint variations on canvases by Velsquez and Manet because he rejected the old masters,but rather because he admired them. While we sometimes tinker(修补) with the imperfect, we alsoremake what we l

36、ove, showing our admiration for the past by passing down its DNA.Sometimes inventors attempt tocover their tracks. Stravinsky denied that The Rite of Spring, his revolutionary ballet, included any actual folk tunes, but scholars found a volume of them in hislibrary after his death.Creative minds alw

37、ays start from a precedent(先例) and move from there, but how far shouldthey go? The challenge is that staying too close to the familiar can dissatisfy, while wandering toofar can fail to find followers.Thomas Edison made small changes to the telephone, dramatically improved thelightbulband at the far

38、 end imagined underwater cities powered by solar energy. The designerNorman Bel Geddes designed a host of practical products, such as cocktail shakers andfurniturebut he also ranged much further, sketching flying cars and houses in which the wallsrose up into the ceiling like garage doors.The DNA of

39、 the original is still there, but by the end it has evolved to something new. Eachof us is creating our own variations on themes passed down to us. Were at our most inventivewhen we dont allow history to limit our imaginations, but to launch them. Thats a lesson that can start youngand that never ag

40、es.38. The art teacher in Colorado intends to tell the students that the secret of creativity is_.A. to copy the mastersworks without effortB. to completely reject the mastersstyles C. to build their brilliant ideas on the pastD. to compare their works with the masters解析：细节题。由第二段可知，老师要求学生们把临摹的画剪开，制作

41、成3D的样式，最后他们每个人的成品都不一样，可以看出是在前人的基础上有自己的想法，所以选C。答案：C39. The underlined phrase “ out of the blue”in Paragragh3 means _.A.unfortunatelyB. graduallyC. frequentlyD. unexpectedly解析：猜词题。unexpected意思是“意想不到的”，根据后文“there is always a link from theknown to the new”可知，创造力不是凭空而来，选D。答案：D 40. Which of the following

42、is not the product of creativity according to the author?A.Aflying car.B.Acopy of a Mozart.C.Animproved lightbulb.D.An underwater city powered by solar energy.解析：细节题。copy并没有在前人的基础上有创新，而ACD都是创新，所以选B。答案：B CMaj Rundlf remembers the moment she changed her mind about neonicotinoidstheworlds most widely u

43、sed pesticides(杀虫剂). In December 2013, in her office at Lund Universityin Sweden, she and postdoctor Georg Andersson were looking at data from their latest study. Itwas designed to test what would happen to bees if they fed on crops treated with neonicotinoids. “I didnt expect to see any effect at a

44、ll, to be honest,” says Rundlf.Honeybees werent greatly affected by the chemicals in crops, the study suggested. But thedata on bumblebees told a different story. Bumblebee colonies that hadnt fed on the treated cropslooked normal: they were packing on weight to survive the winter. But in the coloni

45、es exposed toneonicotinoids, the growth chart was a flat line.When the Swedish study was published in April 2015, it made headlines around the world. Itwas the first to show that neonicotinoidsknown as neonicscould harm bees in a real-worldfarming situation.Bee populations are declining in many part

46、s of the globe, a worrying sign for thecrops and wild plants that rely on these bees for their survival. Parasites(寄生虫), disease andshrinking food resources are all prime suspects. But a link to neonics has become a majorflashpoint.Even before Rundlfs results were revealed, the European Union had pl

47、aced heavyrestrictions on three most widely used neonics in flowering cropsplants that might be attractive to beesamong rising concerns that the chemicals might harm pollinators (传粉者). But farmers,the agrochemical industry and some scientists pointed out that these were based on limitedevidence, gat

48、hered mostly from lab tests.Since Rundlfs paper, studies showing real-world evidence of harm from pesticides in thefield have been mountingand environmental organizations have demanded wide-ranging bans. Regulatory agencies will soon decide what to do about neonics, which have a global market worthm

49、ore than US$1.5 billion per year. This month, the EUs European Food Safety Authority is dueto complete a re-evaluation of evidence for restricting neonics; the EU will then need to decidewhat action to take. France has passed a law that would ban neonics in 2018.But industry groups and some scientists say the evidence still isnt conclusive. The picture iscomplicated: some studies show harm to some bees in some circumstances, while others find noharm. The results seem to be affected by many factors, inclu