职称英语理工类A级模拟72及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A级模拟 72及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress .（分数：1.00）A.despairB.difficultiesC.needD.danger2.It“s all advisable idea to get out of the dispute.（分数：1.00）A.wiseB.urgentC.uselessD.proper3.I am not certain whether he wi

2、ll come.（分数：1.00）A.sureB.determinedC.sorryD.glad4.He seems bizarre these days.（分数：1.00）A.unusualB.absent-mindedC.crazyD.lunatic5.The leader collaborate with you in the project.（分数：1.00）A.competeB.cooperateC.coordinateD.contend6.This text is too difficult to comprehend .（分数：1.00）A.understandB.digestC

3、.summarizeD.read7.The room is small but cozy .（分数：1.00）A.coldB.splendidC.comfortableD.gorgeous8.The leader“s corruption undermined the image of the company.（分数：1.00）A.establishB.damageC.strengthenD.consolidate9.The novel depicts the history of the nation.（分数：1.00）A.narratesB.illustratesC.describesD.

4、exemplify10.Civil rights are embodied in the platform.（分数：1.00）A.includedB.excludedC.expressedD.emerged11.She likes to visit exotic islands.（分数：1.00）A.distantB.interestingC.remoteD.backwards12.The food we have is inadequate .（分数：1.00）A.too muchB.too manyC.not enoughD.not short13.Many people in the r

5、egion have died from the epidemic disease.（分数：1.00）A.infectiousB.inferiorC.infiniteD.inevitable14.She is incapable of doing the demanding job.（分数：1.00）A.qualified ofB.incompetent withC.good atD.ignorant of15.It“s just a petty mistake.（分数：1.00）A.majorB.importantC.seriousD.minor二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7

6、.00)The National TrustThe National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich Governmen

7、t department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of h

8、istorical interest. The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4,500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attrac

9、ted wide publicity and started the Trust“s “Country House Scheme“. Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses. Last year about one and three quarters of a

10、 million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge. In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small vi

11、llage houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill coun

12、try are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife. So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an es

13、sential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.（分数：7.00）(1).Th

14、e National Trust is financed by both personal donations and government allocations.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).British people“s dependence on the National Trust to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest has been increasing.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not

15、mentioned(3).Lord Lothian was one of the founders of the National Trust.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The Trust“s “Country House Scheme“ provides an easy access for the public to 150 old houses or so.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).A project which is to fortify a 16th century o

16、ld house but keep its original style will not be approved by the National Trust.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The public may enter in a wood under the protection of the National Trust without paying any money, but they are not allowed to bring in canned food and beverage.（分数：1.00）A.Right

17、B.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The National Trust helps promote tourism in Britain.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Soot and Snow: a Hot Combination1. New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow. Accordin

18、g to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century. 2. Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the sun“s energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or

19、soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight. 3. Soot in areas with snow and ice may play all important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. “This pro

20、vides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier,“ said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASA“s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York. 4. Hansen found soot“s effect on snow albedo (solar energy reflected back to space), which may be contributing to t

21、rends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinning Arctic sea ice, melting glaciers and permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land. 5. “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus

22、heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon,“ Hansen said. Soot“s increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world“s climate. “This forcing is unusually effective, causing twine as much global warming as a carbon dioxide forcing of the same magni

23、tude,“ Hansen noted. 6. Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing rest of this cen

24、tury. 7. The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were consistent with the researchers“ climate model simulations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there we

25、re heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 3 1 A. Soot“s Role in Changes in the Climate and the Atmosphere. B. Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere. C. Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot. D. Effort to Reduce Snow Albedo. E. Ways to Reduce Soo

26、t Emission. F. Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming.（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 7 1（分数：1.00）(5).In the twentieth century, soot 1. A. produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude B. contributed to

27、 25 percent of observed global warming C. can produce greenhouse gases D. absorb more of sun“s energy and warmth than white background E. still surpass soot in warming the world“s climate during the last century F. can be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere（分数：1.00）(6).Hansen cautioned that green

28、house gases 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Black soot covered snow and ice 1.（分数：1.00）(8).A soot forcing is unusually effective, which 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Common-cold SenseYou can“t beat it, hut you don“t have to join it. Maybe it got the name “common cold“ because it“s more c

29、ommon in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesn“t have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one. Children are the most common way cold vir

30、uses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adultsan average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They haven“t had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses. There are more than 150 different cold viruses,

31、 and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to itbut only it. Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person“s hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold vir

32、uses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces. Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds. But even careful hy

33、giene won“t ward off every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes? The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But you“ll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar (or honey), lemon, and water h

34、ave real benefits.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the essay, you may have a cold because（分数：3.00）A.the weather is too cold.B.the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infected.C.another person“s coughing passes the cold to you.D.you wash your hands too often.(2).The best way to keep yourself from getting co

35、lds is（分数：3.00）A.to keep yourself clean.B.to use a disinfectant soap.C.to take two aspirins every day.D.to drink lots of water.(3).Children have more colds because（分数：3.00）A.they are usually infected about eight times each year.B.they are not immune to many cold viruses yet.C.they never wash their h

36、ands so that their thumbnails are dirty.D.they don“t like eating lemon.(4).When you are having a cold,（分数：3.00）A.it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time.B.it may be the same kind of cold that you had last time.C.it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time.D.it

37、is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time.(5).When one is having a cold, he may often have all the following symptoms EXCEPT（分数：3.00）A.coughing.B.having a sore throat.C.having a runny nose.D.having a stomachache.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Urban RainforestOn the west side of the island o

38、f Manhattan in New York City, tree by tree, leaf by leaf, a 2,500 square foot sector of the Central African Republic“s Dzanga Ndoki Rainforest has been transported to, or recreated at, the American Museum of Natural History“s new hall of biodiversity. When the hall opens this May, visitors will visi

39、t one of the world“s biggest and most accurate reproduction of one of nature“s most threatened creations. To bring the rainforest to New York, a team of nearly two dozen scientiststhe largest collecting expedition the museum has ever organized for an exhibitspent five weeks in the African rainforest

40、 collecting soil, plants, and leaves; recording and documenting species; studying trees; shooting videotape and still photos; and interviewing local people. “This area has been explored very little,“ says Hoel Cracraft who estimates that the museum will eventually collect 150 to 180 mammals, more th

41、an 300 species of birds, hundreds of butterflies, and hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of organisms. The exhibition may even have produced a special prizescientists suspect they have uncovered several new species. To give the forest a sense of realness, the back wall of the exhibit is an enor

42、mous videoscreen, sounds will come out from hidden speakers, and plans even call for forest smells. Computer controls will vary the effects so that no two walkthroughs will ever be exactly the same. After the team returned to New York, the forest was reproduced with the help of the computer Computer

43、 Modelling programmes plotted distances and special relationships. Artists studied photos and brought what they saw to life. Plaster trees were made. Recreated animals began to stand in the rainforest of the hall. Flying creatures will hang from the ceiling. The light in the forestone of the exhibit

44、“s cleverest recreationswill seem real. Long tube lights will have the correct colour and temperature to produce a natural effect. The plants and animals exhibited throughout the hall exist naturally in a perfect balanceremove one, and the whole is imperfect if not endangered. The exhibit is proof t

45、o the hope that the world“s rainforests will never exist solely as a carefully preserved artifact.（分数：15.00）(1).What is this passage mainly about?（分数：3.00）A.The history of the American Museum of Natural History.B.The reproduction of the rainforest at a New York museum.C.Visitors“ interest in the rai

46、nforest reproduction at a New York museum.D.Saving rainforests in the Central African Republic.(2).How did the museum collect the data in the Central African Republic?（分数：3.00）A.It sent a large team of scientists there.B.It cooperated with many African scientists.C.It recruited local people to colle

47、ct mammals, etcD.It sent cameramen to shoot videotapes.(3).To give the forest a sense of realness, all the following are used EXCEPT that（分数：3.00）A.hidden loudspeakers are used to produce forest sound.B.a huge videoscreen is put up on the back wall.C.special equipment is employed to produce forest s

48、mells.D.the forest is surrounded by front and back walls.(4).What is the main theme of the last paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.The layout of the rainforest exhibition.B.The balance between animals and plants.C.The clever design of lighting.D.Preservation of the rainforest exhibition as an artifact.(5).What do

49、es the last sentence of the passage most probably mean?（分数：3.00）A.The rainforest in the Central African Republic will be preserved forever.B.The well-designed exhibit will be preserved as an artifact.C.The exhibit reflects the hope that natural rainforests will be well preserved.D.The exhibit of the rainforest in the museum is the sole one in the world.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Credit Card Only Works When Spoken toA credit card that will not work unless it hears its owner“s voice could become an important weapon in the fight against fraud. The card requires users to give a spoken password t