职称英语理工类A级模拟71及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A 级模拟 71 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.If I made a mistake, I will try to remedy it.（分数：1.00）A.clarifyB.diagnoseC.evaporateD.correct2.We derive information mainly from the Internet.（分数：1.00）A.depriveB.obtainC.descendD.trace3.His sole motive was to make her happy.

2、（分数：1.00）A.aimB.argumentC.capabilityD.pursuit4.He could not tolerate the extremes of heat in the desert.（分数：1.00）A.bearB.hateC.likeD.criticize5.These factors interact intimately and cannot be separated.（分数：1.00）A.tenselyB.nearlyC.carefullyD.closely6.The city has decided to do away with all the old b

3、uildings in its center.（分数：1.00）A.get rid ofB.set upC.repairD.paint7.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.（分数：1.00）A.permanentB.powerfulC.strikingD.practical8.It is out of the question that the inspector will come tomorrow.（分数：1.00）A.impossibleB.p

4、ossibleC.probableD.likely9.Techniques to employ the energy of the sun are being developed.（分数：1.00）A.convertB.storeC.useD.receive10.Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices.（分数：1.00）A.slightB.surprisingC.suddenD.harmful11.The

5、manager allocate duties to the clerks.（分数：1.00）A.assignB.persuadeC.askD.order12.The once barren hillsides are now good farmland.（分数：1.00）A.hairlessB.bareC.emptyD.bald13.It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000.（分数：1.00）A.challengedB.assumedC.deductedD.decree

6、d14.We must abide by the rules.（分数：1.00）A.stick toB.persist inC.safeguardD.apply15.From my standpoint , you know, this thing is just funny.（分数：1.00）A.positionB.point of viewC.knowledgeD.opinion二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean QuakeScientists have found evidence that

7、an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria in AD 365. Using radiocarbon dating techniques, simulations and computer models, the researchers recreated the ancient disaster in order to

8、 identify the responsible fault. “We are saying there is probably a repeat time of 800 years for this kind of earthquake,“ said Ms. Beth Shaw, an earthquake scientist at the University of Cambridge, who led the study. Scientists study past earthquakes in order to determine the future possibility of

9、similar large shocks. Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region, Ms. Shaw said. The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300, which means the next powe

10、rful one could come in the next 100 years, she added in a telephone interview. Ms. Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion, she said. Th

11、eir computer model suggested an 8 magnitude quake on the fault would produce a tsunami that floods the coastal regions of Alexandria and North Africa, the southern coast of Greece and Sicily all the way up the Adriati to Duhrovnik. This would be similar to the ancient quake in AD 365 that caused wid

12、espread destruction in much of Greece and unleashed a tsunami that flooded Alexandria and the Nile Delta, likely killing tens of thousands of people, she said.（分数：7.00）(1).The fault, which was overlooked before, has been closely studied by scientists.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).It is f

13、un to identify the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Radiocarbon dating techniques can be used to identify the age of the earth.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Scientists predict that the next powerful earthquake in the eastern Mediterran

14、ean may take place some time before 2100.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Ms. Shaw has her colleagues help her in the study of earthquake prediction.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Ms. Shaw measured the movement of either side of the fault to identify the magnitude of the earthqua

15、ke taking place in AD 365.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The earthquake prediction devices developed by Ms. Shaw are being widely used in the world.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Smoke Gets in Your Mind1. Lung cancer, hypertension, heart disease, bi

16、rth defectswe are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern. Mental illness. According to some controversial new findings, if smoking does not kill you, it may, quite litter, drive you to despair. 2. The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as

17、 something to lift your mood and soothe anxiety. But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth: that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders, panic attacks and depression, perhaps even schizophrenia. 3. Cigarettes and mental illness have always tended to go together. An estimat

18、ed 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide. Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke, and up to 88 per cent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia smokers. A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with

19、 mental illness. 4. But the big question is why? The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoking, or smoke more to alleviate some of their distress. Even when smoking seems to start before the illness, most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the

20、 disorder spark the desire to light up. But perhaps something more sinister is going on. 5. A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause, not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety. “We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health, and no

21、w we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness,“ says Naomi Breslau, director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit. 6. Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility. The hint came from studies, published in 1998, which

22、 followed a group of just over 1,000 young adults for a five-year period. The 13 per cent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study, though there was no evidence that depression i

23、ncreased the tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smoking before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five-year period Smoking, it seems, could pre-date illness. 7. At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might

24、 also make them depressed. But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link, she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking, perhaps the nicotine itself, could somehow affect the brain and cause depression. 8. One of these large

25、r studies was led by Goodman, a pediatrician. She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. The first group of 8,704 adolescents were not depressed, and might or might not have been smokers, while the second group of 6,947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past m

26、onth. After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers, previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour, not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but

27、 smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non-smoking peers. Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens. “Current cigarette use is however, a powerful determinant of developing high dep

28、ressive symptoms.“ 9. Breslau, too, finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers. It“s a hard message to get across, because many smokers say they become anxious when they

29、quit, not when they smoke. But Breslau says that this is a short-lived effect of withdrawal which masks the reality that, in general, smokers have higher anxiety levels than non-smokers or ex-smokers.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 3 1. A. Doubt about the Usual Belief B. Researchers“ Opinions Divided C. Posi

30、tive Effects of Smoking as Advertised D. Close Association Between Depression and Smoking E. Breslau“s Conclusion Supported by Another Larger Study F. Effect of Smoking on Mental Health Initially Proved（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 6 1.（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 8 1.（分数：1.00）(5).Nowa

31、days many doctors have become aware that smoking is not only a hazard to people“s physical health 1. A. have been proved to be misleading B. but to their mental health as well C. taking up smoking D. involved fewer people E. they started to smoke at an early age F. but their level of anxiety increas

32、es when they quite smoking（分数：1.00）(6).The cigarette ads which claim that smoking can help soothe anxiety 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Breslau“s study than Goodman“s but lasted longer 1.（分数：1.00）(8).To contradict Breslau“s conclusion, many smokers say that they are less anxious when they smoke 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分

33、：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Invisibility RingScientists can“t yet make an invisibility cloak (斗篷) like the one that Harry Potter uses. But, for the first time, they“ve constructed a simple cloaking device that makes itself and something placed inside it invisible to microwaves. When a p

34、erson “sees“ an object, his or her eye senses many different waves of visible light as they bounce off the object. The eye and brain then work together to organize these sensations and reconstruct the object“s original shape. So, to make an object invisible, scientists have to keep waves from bounci

35、ng off it. And they have to make sure the object casts no shadow. Otherwise, the absence of reflected light on one side would give the object away. Invisibility isn“t possible yet with waves of light that the human eye can see. But it is now possible with microwaves. Like visible light, microwaves a

36、re a form of radiant energy. They are part of the electromagnetic spectrum (电磁波频谱), which also includes radio waves, infrared light, ultraviolet rays, X rays, and gamma rays. The wavelengths of microwaves are shorter than those of radio waves but longer than those of visible light. The scientists“ n

37、ew “invisibility device“ is the size of a drink coaster and shaped like a ring. The ring is made of a special material with unusual ability. When microwaves (微波) strike the ring, very few bounce off it. Instead, they pass through the ring, which bends the waves all the way around until they reach th

38、e opposite side. The waves then return to their original paths. To a detector set up to receive microwaves on the other side of the ring, it looks as if the waves never changed their paths as if there were no object in the way! So, the ring is effectively invisible. When the researchers put a small

39、copper loop inside the ring, it, too, is nearly invisible. However, the cloaking device and anything inside it do cast a pale shadow. And the device works only for microwaves, not for visible light or any kind of electromagnetic radiation. So, Harry Potter“s invisibility cloak doesn“t have any real

40、competition yet.（分数：15.00）(1).Harry Potter is mentioned in the passage, because scientists（分数：3.00）A.can now make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses.B.try to make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses.C.try to invent a device similar in idea to the invisible cloak he uses.D.know

41、 that it is possible to make an invisible cloak of the same kind.(2).What is true of microwaves?（分数：3.00）A.Their wavelengths are shorter than those of visible light.B.Their wavelengths are longer than those of visible light.C.They are different from visible light as they are a kind of radiant energy

42、.D.They are visible to the human eye.(3).What is NOT true of the invisibility device?（分数：3.00）A.It is made of a special material with unusual ability.B.Microwaves bounce off it when they strike it.C.Microwaves pass through it when they strike it.D.It bends the microwaves all the way around until the

43、y reach the opposite side.(4).What does the word “coaster“ mean in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.A disk or plate placed under a drinking glass to protect a table top.B.A vessel engaged in coastal trade.C.A roller coaster.D.A resident of a coastal area.(5).Harry Potter“s invisibility cloak doesn“t have any

44、real competition yet, because（分数：3.00）A.scientists have not found out how his cloak works.B.the cloaking device is a total failure.C.the cloaking device works only for microwaves.D.the cloaking device works only for visible light.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk DriversA conce

45、pt car developed by Japanese company Nissan has a breathalyzerlike detection system and other instruments that could help keep drunk or over tired drivers off the road. The car“s sensors (传感器) check odors inside the car and monitor a driver“s sweat for traces of alcohol. An in-car computer system ca

46、n issue an alert or even lock up the ignition (点火) system if the driver seems over-the-limit. The air odor (气味) sensors are fixed firmly and deeply in the driver and passenger seats, while a detector in the gear-shift knob measures perspiration from the driver“s palm. Other carmakers have developed

47、similar detection systems. For example, Sweden“s Volvo has developed a breathalyzer attached to a car“s seat belt that drivers must blow into before the engine will start. Nissan“s new concept vehicle (交通工具) also includes a dashboard-mounted camera that tracks drivers“ alertness by monitoring their

48、eyes. It will sound an alarm and issue a spoken warning in Japanese or English if it judges that the driver needs to pull over and rest. The car technology is still in development, but general manager Kazuhiro Doi says the combination of different detection systems should improve the overall effecti

49、veness of the technology. “For example, if the gear-shift sensor was bypassed (迂回) by a passenger using it instead of the driver, the facial recognition system would still be used,“ Doi says. Nissan has no specific timetable for marketing the system, but aims to use technology to cut the number of fatalities involving its vehicles to half 1995 levels by 2015. The car“s seat belt can also tighten if drowsiness is detected, while an external camera checks that the car is keeping to its lane properly. However, Doi admits that some of the technology, such as the alcohol odor sensor, should be im