大学英语四级125及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级 125及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Life on Internet. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 121 世纪是网络的时代。 2网络生活多姿多彩。 3网络生活是我们生活的一部分 （分数：30.00）_

2、二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Landfills You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You dont think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push yo

3、ur can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You dont have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up. Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of fou

4、r pounds per day per person, which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash? Some gets recycled (回收利用) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfi

5、lls. How Much Trash Is Generated? Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled (glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted (使成堆肥) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unrecy

6、clable, is discarded. How Is Trash Disposed of? The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buri

7、ed in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries (United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills. What Is a Landfill? The

8、re are two ways to bury trash: ? Dumpan open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most peoples idea of a landfill!) ? Landfillcarefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surr

9、ounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil. ? Sanitary landfilllandfill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment ? Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfilllandfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) lin

10、er to isolate the trash from the environment The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose (腐烂) much. A landfill is not like a compost pile

11、, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly. Proposing the Landfill For a landfill to be built, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how i

12、t can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill. In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environmental impact study must be done on the proposed site

13、 to determine: - the area of land necessary for the landfill - the composition of the underlying soil and bedrock - the flow of surface water over the site - the impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlife - the historical value of the proposed site Building the Landfill On

14、ce the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, access roads to the landfill site must be built if they do not already exist. These roads will be used by construction equipment, sanitation (环卫) services and the g

15、eneral public. After roads have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake County Landfill, the landfill began 10 feet below the road surface. What Happens to Trash in a Landfill? Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little

16、 moisture. Under these conditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old landfills have been dug up or sampled, 40-year-old newspapers have been found with easily readable print. Landfills are not designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site,

17、especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years! How Is a Landfill Operated? A landfill, such as the North Wake County Landfill, must be open and available every day. Customers are typically municipalities and construction companies, although residents may also use th

18、e landfill. Near the entrance of the landfill is a recycling center where residents can drop off recyclable materials (aluminum cans, glass bottles, newspapers and paper products). This helps to reduce the amount of material in the landfill. Some of these materials are banned from landfills by law b

19、ecause they can be recycled. As customers enter the site, their trucks are weighed at the scale house. Customers are charged tipping fees for using the site. The tipping fees vary from $10 to $40 per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs. The North Wake County Landfill has an operating

20、 budget of approximately $4.5 million, and part of that comes from tipping tees. Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materia

21、ls can be recycled. In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of by private companies. Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in

22、furnaces or power plants. Other structures alongside the landfill are the borrowed area that supplies the soil for the landfill, the runoff collection pond and methane (甲烷) station. Landfills are complicated structures that, when properly designed and managed, serve an important purpose. In the futu

23、re, new technologies called bioreactors will be used to speed the breakdown of trash in landfills and produce more methane. （分数：71.00）(1).The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfil

24、ls.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Compared with other major industrialized countries, America buries a much higher percentage of its solid waste in landfills.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Landfills are like compost piles in that they speed up decomposition of the buried trash.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).In most countri

25、es the selection of a landfill site is governed by rules and regulations.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).In the United States the building of landfills is the job of both federal and local governments.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Hazardous wastes have to be treated before being dumped into landfills.（分数：7.10）A.YB.

26、NC.NG(8).Typical customers of a landfill are 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).To dispose of a ton of trash in a landfill, customers have to pay a tipping fee of 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Materials that are not permitted to be buried in landfills should be dumped at 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分

27、数：15.00)A.No, he missed it.B.Yes, he probably did.C.Yes, he did.D.No, he didnt.A.Its quiet in the restaurant.B.The price is high in the restaurant.C.The restaurant serves good food.D.The restaurant is too far from their school.A.Voluntary work can help the man establish connections with the communit

28、y.B.The mans voluntary work has left him little room in his schedule.C.Voluntary work with the environment council requires a time commitment.D.A lot of people have signed up for voluntary work with the environment council.A.He lost a lot of weight in several months.B.He stopped exercising a few mon

29、ths ago.C.He had a unique way of staying healthy.D.He was never persistent in anything he did.A.She is confident.B.She is worried.C.She is bored.D.She is upset.A.At the information desk.B.In an office.C.In a restaurant.D.At a railway station.A.The man is usually the last to hand in his test paper.B.

30、The man has made a mess of his midterm exam.C.The man has bad study habits.D.The man is a diligent student.A.Trying to persuade the male members to vote for her.B.Running for chairman of the Trade Union.C.Choosing a campaign manager.D.Selecting the best candidates.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Search

31、ing for reference material.B.Watching a film of the 1930s.C.Writing a course book.D.Looking for a job in a movie studio.A.Its too broad to cope with.B.Its a bit outdated.C.Its controversial.D.Its of little practical value.A.At the end of the online catalogue.B.At the Reference Desk.C.In The New York

32、 Times.D.In the Readers Guide to Periodical Literature.A.To see how certain chemicals produce different flavors.B.To determine if a person can distinguish salty and sweet solutions.C.To map the location of taste buds.D.To count the number of taste buds.A.Just five minutes.B.Slightly less than an hou

33、r.C.Between one and two hours.D.A little more than two hours.A.That taste buds arent located only on the tongue.B.That taste buds arent all the same size.C.That solutions must be measured and mixed carefully.D.That he shouldnt swallow the solutions.A.With an apology.B.With an example.C.With a compli

34、ment.D.With an invitation.A.Because it was too heavy.B.Because it did not bend easily.C.Because it did not shoot far.D.Because its string was short.A.It went out of use 300 years ago.B.It was invented after the shortbow.C.It was discovered before fire and the wheelD.Its still in use today.A.They are

35、 accurate and easy to pull.B.Their shooting range is 40 yards.C.They are usually used indoors.D.They took 100 years to develop.A.A class of science students.B.A group of teachers.C.English language students.D.His teacher.A.Empty the water out of the cans.B.Glue white paper around one can and black p

36、aper around the other can.C.Make 2 cardboard lids.D.Wash your hands.A.The water in both cans will be the same.B.The water in both cans will be cooler.C.The water in the black can will be warmer than the water in the white can.D.The water in the white can will be warmer than the water in the black ca

37、n.A.The art of saying thank you.B.The secret of staying pretty.C.The importance of good manners.D.The difference between elegance and good manners.A.They were nicer and gentler.B.They paid more attention to their appearance.C.They were willing to spend more money on clothes.D.They were more aware of

38、 changes in fashion.A.By decorating our homes.B.By being kind and generous.C.By wearing fashionable clothes.D.By putting on a little make-up.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Recently a group of Swedish research scientists carried out a (36) 1of childrens attitudes to the future. They worked with 10-and 11

39、-year-old children from ten schools (37) 2in rural and urban areas over the whole of Sweden. There were two main steps of the (38) 3. First, all the children were asked to write an (39) 4 on the topic “The Future; 2000 AD“. Then the scientists went round to the (40) 5schools to talk to the children,

40、 basing their (41) 6on the general questions “What problems are we facing now?“ and “What will the future be like?“ A pattern soon (42) 7. It showed that there was (43) 8agreement about which problems were important and how the problems should be dealt with. (44) 9. (45 ) 10. Summing up the results

41、of the project, one of its leaders said, Weve obviously got to pay more attention to our children. After all, (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pa

42、in-free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain. As a result, many

43、people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承担的义务) , self-improvement. Ask a bachelor (单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds datin

44、g to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. Couples with

45、infant children are lucky to get a whole nights sleep or a three-day vacation. I dont know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couple who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild. Understanding

46、and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to inc

47、rease our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having 8o much fun actually may not be happy at all. （分数：177.50）(1).According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because _.（分数：35.50）A.he is reluctant to take on fa

48、mily responsibilitiesB.he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains singleC.he finds more fun in dating than in marriageD.he fears it will put an end to all his fun, adventure and excitement(2).Raising children, in the authors opinion, is _.（分数：35.50）A.a moral dutyB.a thankless jobC.a rewarding taskD.a source of inevitable pain(3).From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from _.（分数：35.50）A.hatredB.misunderstandingC.prejudiceD.ignorance(4).To understand what true happ